scholarly journals Valoración económica de los beneficios ambientales de no mercado derivados de la mejora de la calidad del agua: Una estimación en aplicación de la Directiva Marco del Agua al Guadalquivir

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Martín-Ortega ◽  
Julio Berbel ◽  
Roy Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
Guadalquivir River

This study contributes to the economic assessment of the benefits derived from the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). A practical definition of environmental benefits and a valuation scenario of the non-market benefits of water quality improvement is proposed. This economic assessment is needed to asses whether the WFD is disproportionately costly. The contingent valuation method is applied to the Guadalquivir River Basin (Southern Spain), using a two-stage Heckman estimation model.

Environmental benefits of reclaimed water: an economic assessment in the context of the Water Framework Directive

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alcon ◽  
J. Martin-Ortega ◽  
J. Berbel ◽  
M. D. de Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Good Ecological Status

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes that all water bodies in Europe should achieve ‘good ecological status’ (GES). Maintaining a certain water flow is a pre-condition for the achievement of GES in areas of water scarcity. In such areas, reclaimed waste water is seen as a promising measure to keep river flow at a sufficient level. The contingent valuation method is applied here to estimate the non-market environmental benefits of using reclaimed water to maintain river flow levels in the Segura River Basin in south-eastern Spain. The assessment of the economic benefits of specific measures gives policy makers more information than a cost-effectiveness analysis alone, which is currently the most commonly used tool to assess potential measures under the WFD. The results show that the implementation of this measure produces significant non-market benefits that are larger than the investment and operational costs of reclaimed water treatment plants.

What Price for Ecosystem Services in China?

2017 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
Haixia Zheng ◽  
Stale Navrud ◽  
Shiran Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Miyun Reservoir ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Value Of Water

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) in the watershed has been widely adopted as an important policy instrument to compensate upstream water users for providing water quality improvement for the whole river basin. In this paper, we use three independent valuation methods to determine the price of ecosystem service (ES), particularly water quality, in Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. We find that the value of water quality is lowest using opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR), highest with contingent valuation method (CVM), and water resources benefits assessment (WRBA) gives an in-between value. OCLDR determines the size of subsidies from those that benefit from water quality improvement from upstream. WRBA is a reference for compensation criteria to the upstream government and farmers when water resources are transferred across jurisdictional boundaries. CVM not only captures the direct value of water quality improvement, but also the indirect value of improvement in other ecosystem services as a result of improvement in water quality. Based on the results, we propose a multi-level ecological compensation system for the Miyun Reservoir river basin. We use OCLDR to determine subsides/ compensation to upstream farmers and other suppliers of the ES; WRBA set the price of water transfer; and CVM to figure out the size of payments for integrated water quality improvement.

Payment for Enviromental Services Based on Three Environmental Evaluation Methods in Miyun Reservoir River Basin, Beijing, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1155-1161
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Miyun Reservoir ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Payment For Environmental Services ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Beijing China

Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has been widely adopted as a solution to compensate upstream water users for providing clean water. However, the size of payments is critical to the success of PES, and the problems of determining the correct price is often critical to the implementation of PES policies. We demonstrate three independent valuation methods to determine the price of the ecosystem service (ES) of water quality in the Miyun Reservoir, the main surface water source for Beijing. The three using valuation methods are: i) Water Resources Benefits Assessment (WRBA), ii) Contingent valuation method (CVM), and opportunity cost of limitation of development rights (OCLDR). We found the value of water quality is lowest using OCLDR, highest with CVM, and the WRBA in-between. We propose OCLDR is used to determine compensation to upstream; WRBA for pricing water transfer; and CVM for payments integrated water quality improvement.

Non-market benefits of creative cultural projects in post-quake revitalization regions: A case study of the Nantou Jiji Station area

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-420
Author(s):  
Hsien-Hsin Cheng ◽  
Chung-Yao Liao
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Valuation Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Market Benefits

In contrast to previous post-quake revitalization initiatives in which urban redevelopment is emphasized, cultural projects and their non-market benefits have recently garnered increased attention. In the past, when post-quake revitalization cultural projects were evaluated, the non-market benefits of these projects were not considered. Consequently, we have adopted a contingent valuation method (CVM) as a process that can evaluate the non-market benefits of cultural projects. This article reports research on Jiji Township, which is the epicentre of the most severe earthquake recorded in Taiwan in the past 50 years. The study’s results verified that creative cultural projects generated numerous non-market benefits, and that local identity value is the key factor influencing residents’ valuation of the projects and the amount they are willing to pay. This study proposes an economic valuation process that helps establish a method for promoting creative cultural projects based on residents’ opinions and needs.

scholarly journals Incorporating Distributional Issues into Benefit Cost Analysis: Why, How, and Two Empirical Examples Using Non-market Valuation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Non Market Valuation ◽  
Benefit Cost

This article reviews the rationale for and various approaches used by economists to incorporate distributional consequences of projects or policies into benefit-cost analyses. Approaches reviewed include distributional weights and metrics based on the Lorenz curve. Analysis of distributional issues in partial equilibrium and general equilibrium settings are briefly reviewed. We present an empirical demonstration of how the contingent valuation method (CVM) and hedonic property methods (HPM) can be used to quantify how non-market environmental benefits are distributed by income and ethnicity. Using CVM, the distribution of non-market benefits can be cross-tabbed with respondent demographics, so that a variety of “distributions” of benefits by relevant demographic groups can be calculated. Using the HPM, the analyst can statistically test to see if the implicit price gradient varies with differences in income and ethnicity. In our empirical example, we find that ethnicity and income interaction terms on the implicit price gradient are statistically significant suggesting differential effects of National Forest fire suppression policies on Hispanics and low income households.

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