Environmental benefits of reclaimed water: an economic assessment in the context of the Water Framework Directive

Water Policy ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alcon ◽  
J. Martin-Ortega ◽  
J. Berbel ◽  
M. D. de Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Good Ecological Status

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) prescribes that all water bodies in Europe should achieve ‘good ecological status’ (GES). Maintaining a certain water flow is a pre-condition for the achievement of GES in areas of water scarcity. In such areas, reclaimed waste water is seen as a promising measure to keep river flow at a sufficient level. The contingent valuation method is applied here to estimate the non-market environmental benefits of using reclaimed water to maintain river flow levels in the Segura River Basin in south-eastern Spain. The assessment of the economic benefits of specific measures gives policy makers more information than a cost-effectiveness analysis alone, which is currently the most commonly used tool to assess potential measures under the WFD. The results show that the implementation of this measure produces significant non-market benefits that are larger than the investment and operational costs of reclaimed water treatment plants.

scholarly journals Valoración económica de los beneficios ambientales de no mercado derivados de la mejora de la calidad del agua: Una estimación en aplicación de la Directiva Marco del Agua al Guadalquivir

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Martín-Ortega ◽  
Julio Berbel ◽  
Roy Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Water Quality Improvement ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
Guadalquivir River

This study contributes to the economic assessment of the benefits derived from the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD). A practical definition of environmental benefits and a valuation scenario of the non-market benefits of water quality improvement is proposed. This economic assessment is needed to asses whether the WFD is disproportionately costly. The contingent valuation method is applied to the Guadalquivir River Basin (Southern Spain), using a two-stage Heckman estimation model.

Hurdles for implementation of constructed wetlands as Nature-based Solutions in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Andrés García Murcia ◽  
Fernando Jaramillo ◽  
Sofia Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Status ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Background Context

<p>Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea has been one of the major environmental issues during the last century partly due to extensive land-use change, loss of natural retention systems, and insufficient management. European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) attempts to guide the recovery of good ecological status from freshwater to the sea, and suggests wetlands as ecosystems that can potentially contribute to achieving this goal. Wetlands are considered remarkable Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for improving water quality by diminishing the nutrient loads. This study aims to set a background context of the WFD implementation in Sweden, determine the status of constructed wetlands, and evaluate the stakeholders’ perspectives to identify the main administrative hurdles of wetland implementation in Sweden. For this purpose, we conducted a narrative review, database analysis, and semi-structured interviews with members of the institutions involved in water management. Our results show that it is essential to find synergies among the WFD and other directives to expand cross-sectoral cooperation, implement adjustments on the funding scheme that includes restoration and maintenance of natural wetlands, and increase compensation periods and cost ceiling. Likewise, it is crucial to perform significant improvements in the monitoring system, including more frequent data collection, as well as exploring new strategies to capture landowners’ interest in the implementation of NbS, such as the Catchment Officers program. Finally, we suggest paludiculture as a promising farming practice to increase proprietors’ attention on novel market alternatives, and in turn, to provide benefits for climate, water, and biodiversity.</p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>Wetlands management · Water Framework Directive · Nature-based Solutions · Eutrophication · Semi-structured interviews · Sweden</p>

Water Framework Directive catchment planning: a case study apportioning loads and assessing environmental benefits of programme of measures

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Crabtree ◽  
Sarah Kelly ◽  
Hannah Green ◽  
Graham Squibbs ◽  
Gordon Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Water Quality Modelling

Complying with proposed Water Framework Directive (WFD) water quality standards for ‘good ecological status’ in England and Wales potentially requires a range of Programmes of Measures (PoMs) to control point and diffuse sources of pollution. There is an urgent need to define the benefits and costs of a range of potential PoMs. Water quality modelling can be used to understand where the greatest impact in a catchment can be achieved through ‘end of pipe’ and diffuse source reductions. This information can be used to guide cost-effective investment by private water companies and those with responsibilities for agricultural, industrial and urban diffuse inputs. In the UK, river water quality modelling with the Environment Agency SIMCAT model is regarded as the best current approach to support decision making for river water quality management and planning. The paper describes how a SIMCAT model has been used to conduct a trial WFD integrated catchment planning study for the River Ribble catchment in the North West of England. The model has been used to assess over 80 catchment planning scenarios. The results are being used support a national assessment of the cost-effectiveness of proposed PoMs.

A benefit-cost analysis of a red drum stock enhancement program in South Carolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-341
Author(s):  
R. J. Rhodes ◽  
J. C. Whitehead ◽  
T. I. J. Smith ◽  
M. R. Denson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Red Drum ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Regional Management ◽  
Benefit Cost

Recreational saltwater anglers from the mid-Atlantic through the Gulf of Mexico commonly target red drum. Due to concerns about overharvesting within South Carolina coupled with regional management actions, South Carolina explored the technical feasibility of stocking hatchery-produced juvenile red drum as a technique to augment the abundance of South Carolina stock. In order to assess a continued program, in 2005 a mail survey was used to collect data for estimating the economic benefits with the contingent valuation method. The theoretical validity of willingness to pay was assessed by comparison to the value of a change in red drum fishing trips that would result from the program. Benefits were compared to estimated, explicit stocking costs. We illustrate how a certainty recode approach can be used in sensitivity analysis. The net present values (NPVs) for the stocking program are positive suggesting that the program would have been economically efficient relative to no program.

scholarly journals A rule-based modelling concept to simulate hydromorphological measures – a tool for the design of programmes of measures for the EU Water Framework Directive

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
H. Nacken
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Eu Water Framework Directive ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
European Water ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Hydromorphological deficits are of real concern regarding the goals of the European Water Framework Directive to reach a good ecological status. The effects of measures that change the morphological structure of a river is hard to predict. Existing methods to simulate this process in a traditional numerical model can not be applied to whole river systems. Using a rule-based modelling concept to find feasible measures and predict the impact of those measures is a very promising solution.

scholarly journals VALUASI EKONOMI MANFAAT LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG KAWASAN WADUK MALAHAYU, KABUPATEN BREBES

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Sofiana Sofiana ◽  
Anhar Solichin ◽  
Dian Wijayanto
Keyword(s):  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Production Approach

ABSTRAK Waduk Malahayu merupakan waduk yang mempunyai peranan penting baik bagi warga masyarakat sekitar maupun bagi pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes. Hal ini dikarenakan warga masyrakat memanfaatkan Waduk Malahayu sebagai alat pemenuh kebutuhan mereka seperti kegiatan perikanan tangkap, kegiatan pariwisata, kegiatan penggunaan air bersih, kegiatan transportasi waduk dan kegiatan irigasi sawah. Oleh karena itu Waduk Malahayu menjadi waduk yang perlu dilestarikan keberadaannya untuk menjaga sumberdaya yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2016 di Waduk Malahayu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara ekonomi nilai manfaat langsung kawasan Waduk Malahayu dan secara ekonomi manfaat tidak langsung kawasan Waduk Malahayu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penilaian harga pasar untuk sektor perikanan tangkap, metode biaya perjalanan untuk sektor pariwisata, metode Effect on Production Approach(EOP) untuk sektor air bersih dan metode Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) untuk sektor irigasi. Metode penentuan responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk perikanan tangkap, convenience sampling untuk pariwisata, cluster sampling untuk air bersih, sensus dan convenience sampling untuk transportasi serta purposive sampling untuk irigasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai ekonomi manfaat langsung sektor perikanan tangkap yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.369.180.000/tahun, sektor pariwisata yaitu Rp. 3.542.398.400/tahun, sektor air bersih sebesar Rp. 210.360.000/tahun dan sektor transportasi sebesar Rp. 375.407.002/tahun. total nilai ekonomi manfaat langsung yaitu Rp. 5.497.345.402/tahun. Nilai ekonomi manfaat tidak langsung yaitu dari sektor irigasi mempunyai Nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp. 1.101.500.000/tahun. Kata Kunci : Valuasi Ekonomi; Manfaat Langsung; Manfaat Tidak Langsung; Waduk  ABSTRACT Malahayu reservoir is a reservoir that has an important role both for the citizens and the government around Brebes. This is because citizens of the community utilizing Malahayu Reservoir as a means of fulfilling their needs as the activities of fisheries, tourism, fresh water, transportation reservoirs and irrigated rice fields plantation. Therefore Reservoir Malahayu into reservoirs that need to be preserved its existence to keep the resources which have economic values. The study was conducted in January-February 2016 in Reservoir Malahayu which aims to determine the economic values of the direct and indirect economic benefits of Malahayu Reservoir area. The method used are the market price valuation method for the fisheries sector, method of travel costs for the tourism sector, the method Effect on Production Approach (EOP) for the water sector and the methods of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) for the irrigation sector. The method to determine the respondents used purposive sampling techniques for capture fisheries, convenience sampling for tourism, cluster sampling for clean water, census and convenience sampling for transporationt as well as purposive sampling for irrigation. The results showed the economic values of direct benefit fisheries sector is IDR 1,369,180,000 per year , the tourism sector is IDR 3,542,398,400/year, water sector amounting to IDR 210,360,000 per year and the transportation sector amounted to IDR 375,407,002 per year. The total values of the direct economic benefits of IDR 5,497, 345, 402 per year. The economic values of the indirect benefits of the irrigation sector that has economic values of IDR 1,101,500,000per year. Keywords: Economic Valuation, Benefits Direct, Indirect Benefits, Malahayu Reservoirs

scholarly journals Incorporating Distributional Issues into Benefit Cost Analysis: Why, How, and Two Empirical Examples Using Non-market Valuation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Contingent Valuation Method ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Valuation Method ◽  
Non Market Valuation ◽  
Benefit Cost

This article reviews the rationale for and various approaches used by economists to incorporate distributional consequences of projects or policies into benefit-cost analyses. Approaches reviewed include distributional weights and metrics based on the Lorenz curve. Analysis of distributional issues in partial equilibrium and general equilibrium settings are briefly reviewed. We present an empirical demonstration of how the contingent valuation method (CVM) and hedonic property methods (HPM) can be used to quantify how non-market environmental benefits are distributed by income and ethnicity. Using CVM, the distribution of non-market benefits can be cross-tabbed with respondent demographics, so that a variety of “distributions” of benefits by relevant demographic groups can be calculated. Using the HPM, the analyst can statistically test to see if the implicit price gradient varies with differences in income and ethnicity. In our empirical example, we find that ethnicity and income interaction terms on the implicit price gradient are statistically significant suggesting differential effects of National Forest fire suppression policies on Hispanics and low income households.

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