scholarly journals Exploration And Exploitation Of Non-Living Natural Resources On The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: A Status Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Mazlan Madon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Geological Conditions

Activities by coastal States in relation to the exploration and exploitation of non-living natural resources (namely hydrocarbons and deep-sea minerals) on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (M) from their territorial sea baselines are reviewed. Geological conditions dictate such that hydrocarbons are likely to occur where there are thick accumulations of sediments (at least 2-3 km is needed for organic matter to generate significant amounts of hydrocarbons), whereas deep-sea minerals are found on or beneath the seabed of the deep oceans, which are generally “starved” of sediment. Thus, in general, sites for hydrocarbon exploration and for deep-sea mineral exploration are unlikely to overlap. On a ‘normal’ geological shelf with an average width of say ~60-100 km, hydrocarbon exploration is carried out generally within the 200 M limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the coastal State. Within the last decade, however, necessitated by depleting resources in the shallow waters of the shelf and slope, exploration has gradually moved from the geological shelf (water depth typically < 200 m) further out into deeper waters, and in some cases, beyond the 200 M limit. Thus far, only in a few places is oil and gas exploration being carried out on the continental shelf beyond 200 M. Examples include Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Argentina and Canada. Such activities mainly involve geological and geophysical investigations and assessment of the hydrocarbon potential, while some have resulted in commercial production. Besides the conventional hydrocarbons (oil and gas), continental margin sediments may also host significant accumulations of gas hydrates, which are regarded as a potentially important energy resource of the future. Along non-polar continental margins, gas hydrates are generally found beneath the continental slope and the continental rise, i.e. beyond the continental shelf proper, in water depths typically greater than 500 m but still mainly within 200 M of the territorial sea baselines. Where the continental margin is exceptionally wide, however, gas hydrates may occur in areas beyond the 200 M limit, on the extended continental shelf.

scholarly journals Gas Hydrates Accumulations on the South Shetland Continental Margin: New Detection Possibilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Solovyov ◽  
V. G. Bakhmutov ◽  
I. N. Korchagin ◽  
S. P. Levashov ◽  
N. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
West Antarctica ◽  
The South ◽  
Deposit Type ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic ◽  
The Antarctic

The results of investigations in 2006–2010 for hydrocarbon and gas hydrates on the Antarctic Peninsula continental margin are given. In 2004 and 2006, the marine geoelectric researches by methods of forming a short-pulsed electromagnetic field (FSPEF) and vertical electric-resonance sounding (VERS) had been conducted in this region. The “deposit” type anomaly was mapped by FSPEF survey, and anomalous polarized layers of “hydrocarbon deposit” type were chosen by VERS sounding within this anomaly on Antarctic margin in the region of UAS “Academician Vernadsky.” Anomalous zones of “gas hydrate deposit” type were detected on the South Shetland margin due to the special technology of satellite data processing and interpretation using. These results confirm the high gas hydrates potential of the West Antarctica region. Some practical results of the experimental approbation of these original technologies for the “direct” prospecting and exploration of hydrocarbon (HC) and gas hydrates accumulations in different oil-and-gas bearing basins of Russia and Gulf of Mexico are proposed. The integration of satellite data processing and materials of FSPEF-VERS methods enable improving their efficiency for different geological and geophysical problems solving.

scholarly journals PENGATURAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI LANDAS KONTINEN SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN BERLAKUNYA KONVENSI HUKUM LAUT PBB 1982 KHUSUSNYA BAGI INDONESIA

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Munsharif Abdul Chalim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
International Law ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Gas Resources ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Shelf Region

Continental shelf is a relatively new concept in international law of the sea. Full authority and exclusive rights over natural resources located in the continental shelf region and its ownership is on the coastal state, where the meaning of this natural wealth is a source of minerals and other lifeless on the seabed and subsoil. Through the establishment of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, as well as enactment of the provisions of the New Law of the Sea, Indonesia is an archipelagic state which is seen as a unified whole between the islands and waters. We realized the sea was rich in minerals mining goods that is priceless natural resources, which is expected to be able to fulfill the needs of the world if mineral resources on land are not sufficient or run out completely. In Indonesia, mostly consisting of ocean territory, surely have the very wide continental shelf, where there is a variety of natural resources, especially oil and gas resources. Hence it needs regulation for the natural resources utilization in the region.Keywords :  Continental Shelf, Natural Resources, Seabed and Subsoil.

The Legal Regime of the Deep-Sea Floor

1968 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Young
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Ocean Sciences ◽  
Normal Supply

In the decade since the Convention on the Continental Shelf was framed at Geneva, the possibilities of reaching and using the mineral resources of the ocean have continued to open up at an unprecedented rate. Exploitation of oil and gas deposits in the continental shelves is now a commonplace, and such production has become an important part of the world’s normal supply. The technological frontier, pushed forward by the explosion of interest in the ocean sciences during the last few years, is now advancing into the deep sea beyond the limits of the geographical shelves, and the pace may be expected to accelerate in the next decade.

The challenge of producing oil and gas in deep water

1978 ◽  
Vol 290 (1366) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Successful Production ◽  
Drilling Project

The paper outlines the present state of the art of deep sea drilling and discusses some of the problems with the ‘controlled’ as well as the ‘uncontrolled' techniques. The first method is being developed by the contract drilling companies under the auspices of the oil industry, while the second method was introduced by the Deep Sea Drilling Project under the guidance of a group of oceanic institutions (Joides). The oil industry has drilled controlled in water depths of up to 1000 m and slightly over, and is now capable of extending the technique to 2000 m. Joides contemplates controlled drilling in water depths to 3650 m, say by the end of 1981. It is suggested that not only the slope but also the rise of the continental margin should soon be investigated in a number of suitable localities in order to assess adequately the potential of the last remaining major unexplored frontier for oil and gas. The paper emphasizes that it is already possible today to carry out controlled exploration even to water depths of over 4000 m. If such exploration were successful, production could also be achieved by making use of the presently developing underwater technology in 200-300 m of water.

Cryogels as a solution to the issues of environmental management and trunk pipeline operation in Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185
Author(s):  
Lyubov K. Altunina ◽  
◽  
Vladimir P. Burkov ◽  
Petr V. Burkov ◽  
Vitaly Y. Dudnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Spatial Lattice

In the Russian Arctic, a soil cryostructuring technique (i.e. strengthening of soil horizons with cryogel-based composite materials with no excavation of unstable soils required) seems to be showing promise. Experiments have proven that mechanical and thermal insulation properties attributed to cryogels make them appropriate for use in strengthening and thermally insulating the soil, while their structure makes it possible to form a stable vegetation cover. Field experiments have confirmed that cryostructuring efficiently strengthens the soil layer with cryogels stimulating soil microflora. An experience of using cryotropic compositions in the oil and gas sector was described. Notably, cryogels can be used to strengthen unstable soil foundations of trunk pipelines, as well as to bind soil (e.g. on slopes). In addition, cryogels are advised for use in engineering protection to prevent the uneven settlement of a trench base and its creep: thus, cryogels are pumped into the soil of the trench bottom base to create a support system representing a spatial lattice. After the first freeze and thaw cycle, cryotropic material is formed and then increases its strength and elasticity with each new cycle. More broadly, opportunities have been considered regarding cryogels used in various engineering and geological conditions, while taking into account the outcomes of landscape and territorial analysis. It was concluded that cryogel-based composite materials are a promising innovative scientific field expanding technological capabilities for developing and using spaces and resources in the Russian Arctic.

Die Spur des Stoffs. Ermittlungsrausch in Friedrich Glausers Die Fieberkurve

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89
Author(s):  
Mareike Schildmann
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article traces some of the fundamental poetological changes that the traditional crime novel undergoes in the work of the Swiss author Friedrich Glauser at the beginning of the 20th century. The rational-analytical, conservative approach of the criminal novel in the 19th century implied – according to Luc Boltanski – the separation of an epistemologically structured, institutionalized order of “reality” and a chaotic, unruly, unformatted “world” – a separation that is questioned, but reestablished in the dramaturgy of crime and its resolution. By shifting the attention from the logical structure of ‘whodunnit’ to the sensual material culture and “atmosphere” that surrounds actions and people, Glauser’s novels blur these epistemological and ontological boundaries. The article shows how in Die Fieberkurve, the second novel of Glauser’s famous Wachtmeister Studer-series, material and sensual substances develop a specific, powerful dynamic that dissipates, complicates, crosslinks, and confuses the objects and acts of investigation as well as its narration. The material spoors, dust, fibers, fingerprints, intoxicants and natural resources like oil and gas – which lead the investigation from Switzerland to North Africa – trigger a new sensual mode of perception and reception that replaces the reassuring criminological ideal of solution by the logic of “dissolution”. The novel thereby demonstrates the poetic impact of the slogan of modernity: matter matters.

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