scholarly journals Cost-Effective Drainage Performance Assessment and Field Management Options for Sustainable Environmental Management Under Irrigated Agriculture of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Field Management ◽  
Effective Drainage

A feasibility study of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash utilisation in Estonia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Berber ◽  
Ruedi Frey ◽  
Viktoria Voronova ◽  
Arina Koroljova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Msw Incineration

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the alternative environmental management options for the utilisation of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash (FA), which is generated at Iru Power Plant where MSW is incinerated in Estonia. To determine sustainable and economically feasible environmental management options for MSW incineration FA in Estonia, CO2 sequestration with a further carbonation process was examined. A partial Cost & Benefit Analysis has been conducted to compare the carbonation process to the current situation. Two carbonation options were developed. Option 1 is to use carbonated FA in any other processes based on the waste-to-product principle. Option 2 is to send carbonated FA to the non-hazardous landfill in Tallinn, Estonia. Important parameters, such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR) and Break Even Point (BEP), have been calculated for carbonation options and the current case. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to examine its robustness. The results showed that the best option is carbonation Option 1 with NPV of 9,209,662 EUR, IRR of 43%, BCR of 2.63 and BEP between 2018 and 2019. Both Options 1 and 2 constitute more sustainable and environmentally friendly management options compared to the current situation. It can be concluded that this preliminary feasibility study showed that running a carbonation plant may be profitable and sustainable for Estonia. Currently, there is no treatment technology for MSW incineration FA in Estonia and FA is sent to a neighbouring country for further utilisation. This is the first study to demonstrate FA management options with economic and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals The green bulkhead: a vertical wetland design for urban harbors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Peter I May ◽  
Matthew Lagomarsino ◽  
Patrick Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
The Matrix

In urban harbors there is a reliance on the “gray infrastructure” of armored bulkheads along shorelines. While this form of shoreline technology provides stability and eliminates erosion, it limits shoreline biodiversity and lacks aesthetic value. In this paper, a living shoreline concept, termed the Green Bulkhead, is described and demonstrated. This is a kind of artificial vertical wetland with plants grown in a porous plastic fabric that is draped over the surface of an existing bulkhead. The system is irrigated with water that is pumped from the harbor. Several alternate designs have been tested for different medium types, planting patterns and water pumping regimes. It is proposed that the green bulkhead system can provide limited treatment wetland services in an urban setting where cost-effective water quality management options are minimal. Testing found that high percentages of sediment were retained within the matrix of the different media. The system has aesthetic benefits by “greening” the harbor environment with wetland plants and, because of its vertical orientation, it can be managed adaptively for sea level rise. This work is a report of an on-going ecological engineering project with demonstrations along the Baltimore, Maryland Inner Harbor and the Anacostia Waterfront in Washington, DC.

scholarly journals Verification of Time of Concentration Equation for Improved Drainage Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
J. C. Osuagwu ◽  
J. C. Agunwamba ◽  
C. E. Nwabunor
Keyword(s):  
Computing Time ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Model Verification ◽  
Time Of Concentration ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
Effective Drainage ◽  
Modified Formula ◽  
Concentration Equation

This study focused on verifying the Time of concentration Equation for a more reliable design of drains. Tracer studies were carried out in 1000m long rectangular drains at the University of Nigeria Nsukka. Sodium Chloride which was used as the tracer was introduced at station 1 and samples were collected after 20secs simultaneously at the 9 collection points. Flow parameters including velocity and slope of channel were determined. The collected samples were analyzed in the laboratory for determination of chloride concentration in mg/l. The maximum concentration was 42.11mg/l. Thereafter the time of concentrated was computed by dividing the summation of product of concentration and measured time with the summation of concentration. Through regression analysis, a modified formula for computing time of concentration (tc). Model verification was carried out using experimental data. The results from obtained from the modified Equations were compared respectively with computed results from the commonly used Kirpich formula and measured times of concentration. The results showed no correlation between measured and computed values. There were also marked variations between results from existing and modified formulae. There is therefore need for further verification and validation of the modified Equation. This is necessary in view of the fact that a reliable prediction of time of concentration is key to a cost effective drainage design.

Effects of birth weight and sex on some economic traits in Brown Swiss calves

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
Behnam Saremi ◽  
Atieh Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Swiss Population ◽  
Successful Production

From birth to weaning calves tolerate most stress include metabolic stress and parturition and at new environment obtained nutrients from milk instead of mother blood. In order to successful production of calves, a set of nutritional and environmental management is needed. Calves mortality from birth to weaning is too much and cost effective for dairy industry. Instead, there is low mortality of heifers from weaning to parturition (1). Brown Swiss breed has low population in respect to Holstein in Iran. Low data is available about Brown Swiss population especially Brown Swiss calves. This study conducted to determine some information about Brown Swiss calves from birth to weaning and factors affecting economic traits at this period.

Ruminant enteric methane mitigation: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Cottle ◽  
J. V. Nolan ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
National Level ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Management Options

In Australia, agriculture is responsible for ~17% of total greenhouse gas emissions with ruminants being the largest single source. However, agriculture is likely to be shielded from the full impact of any future price on carbon. In this review, strategies for reducing ruminant methane output are considered in relation to rumen ecology and biochemistry, animal breeding and management options at an animal, farm, or national level. Nutritional management strategies have the greatest short-term impact. Methanogenic microorganisms remove H2 produced during fermentation of organic matter in the rumen and hind gut. Cost-effective ways to change the microbial ecology to reduce H2 production, to re-partition H2 into products other than methane, or to promote methanotrophic microbes with the ability to oxidise methane still need to be found. Methods of inhibiting methanogens include: use of antibiotics; promoting viruses/bacteriophages; use of feed additives such as fats and oils, or nitrate salts, or dicarboxylic acids; defaunation; and vaccination against methanogens. Methods of enhancing alternative H2 using microbial species include: inoculating with acetogenic species; feeding highly digestible feed components favouring ‘propionate fermentations’; and modifying rumen conditions. Conditions that sustain acetogen populations in kangaroos and termites, for example, are poorly understood but might be extended to ruminants. Mitigation strategies are not in common use in extensive grazing systems but dietary management or use of growth promotants can reduce methane output per unit of product. New, natural compounds that reduce rumen methane output may yet be found. Smaller but more permanent benefits are possible using genetic approaches. The indirect selection criterion, residual feed intake, when measured on ad libitum grain diets, has limited relevance for grazing cattle. There are few published estimates of genetic parameters for feed intake and methane production. Methane-related single nucleotide polymorphisms have yet to be used commercially. As a breeding objective, the use of methane/kg product rather than methane/head is recommended. Indirect selection via feed intake may be more cost-effective than via direct measurement of methane emissions. Life cycle analyses indicate that intensification is likely to reduce total greenhouse gas output but emissions and sequestration from vegetation and soil need to be addressed. Bio-economic modelling suggests most mitigation options are currently not cost-effective.

Development of an Unattended Track Geometry Measurement System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Scott ◽  
Ema Chillingworth ◽  
Matthew Dick
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Geometry Measurement ◽  
And Control

Compliance with track standards and control of maintenance costs are critical aspects of the management of railroads. To facilitate this, track geometry measurement systems have evolved to allow monitoring of key track geometry parameters from moving trains. This paper describes how DeltaRail’s Trackline Two™ track geometry measurement system has been developed to overcome key technical shortcomings in existing systems. The resulting step change provides a cost-effective, robust, compact measurement system suitable for use on the broadest possible range of rail vehicles and networks, from a tram to a TGV. Extensive testing has demonstrated full compliance with appropriate standards. Significant improvements in reliability and repeatability of data have enabled DeltaRail to produce a modular system capable of sending data direct to value-adding analysis tools such as TrackMaster™ and VAMPIRE® so that track maintenance management can be optimized around train fleet and operational conditions. The system is easily operated in unattended mode allowing collection of track geometry data from in-service trains, increased frequency of data collection, and pointing the way for the track maintainers to realize significant value from integrated analysis and management options.

scholarly journals The potential direct economic impact and private management costs of an invasive alien species: Xylella fastidiosa on Lebanese wine grapes

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 43-67
Author(s):  
Michel Frem ◽  
Vincenzo Fucilli ◽  
Franco Nigro ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber ◽  
Raied Abou Kubaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
East Region ◽  
Public Costs ◽  
Private Management

Since its outbreak in 2013 in Italy, the harmful bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has continued to spread throughout the Euro-Mediterranean basin and, more recently, in the Middle East region. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease on grapevines. At present, this alien subspecies has not been reported in Lebanon but if this biological invader was to spread with no cost-effective and sustainable management, it would put Lebanese vineyards at a certain level of risk. In the absence of an Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa outbreak, the gross revenue generated by Lebanese wine growers is estimated as close to US$22 million/year for an average period of 5 years (2015–2019). The potential quantitative economic impacts of an Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa outbreak and particularly, the private control costs have not been assessed yet for this country as well as for others which Xylella fastidiosa may invade. Here, we have aimed to estimate the potential direct economic impact on growers’ livelihoods and provide the first estimate of the private management costs that a theoretical Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa outbreak in Lebanon would involve. For this purpose, we used a Partial Budget approach at the farm gate. For the country as a whole, we estimated that a hypothetical full spread of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa on Lebanese wine grapes would lead to maximum potential gross revenue losses of almost US$ 11 million for an average recovery period of 4 years, to around US$ 82.44 million for an average grapevine life span period of 30 years in which infected plants are not replaced at all. The first yearly estimated additional management cost is US$853 per potentially infected hectare. For a recovery period of 4 years, the aggregate estimated additional cost would reach US$2374/ha, while the aggregate net change in profit would be US$-4046/ha. Furthermore, additional work will be needed to estimate the public costs of an Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa outbreak in Lebanon. The observed costs in this study support the concerned policy makers and stakeholders to implement a set of reduction management options against Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa at both national and wine growers’ levels. This re-emerging alien biota should not be neglected in this country. This understanding of the potential direct economic impact of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa and the private management costs can also benefit further larger-scale studies covering other potential infection areas and plant hosts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document