scholarly journals Vitamin D and inflammation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: public health relevance

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Badawi ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Mohamed H. Al Thani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. To reduce the disease risk and burden at the population level, preventative strategies should be developed with minimal cost and effort and with no side-effects. Low-grade inflammation resulting from imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with an array of chronic disorders that predispose to the later development of T2DM (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance). As a result, inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of this inflammatory response via modulating the innate immune system could lead to improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with vitamin D may represent a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review examines current knowledge linking T2DM to chronic low-grade inflammation and the role of vitamin D in modulating this relationship. The concept that vitamin D, via attenuating inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to health care and public health practices.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and inflammation in the prevention of type 2 diabetes: public health relevance

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Alaa Badawi ◽  
Eman Sadoun ◽  
Mohamed H. Al Thani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. To reduce the disease risk and burden at the population level, preventative strategies should be developed with minimal cost and effort and with no side-effects. Low-grade inflammation resulting from imbalances in the innate immune system has been associated with an array of chronic disorders that predispose to the later development of T2DM (e.g., obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance). As a result, inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, attenuation of this inflammatory response via modulating the innate immune system could lead to improved insulin sensitivity and delayed disease onset. Dietary supplementation with vitamin D may represent a novel strategy toward the prevention and control of T2DM at the population level due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This review examines current knowledge linking T2DM to chronic low-grade inflammation and the role of vitamin D in modulating this relationship. The concept that vitamin D, via attenuating inflammation, could be employed as a novel preventive measure for T2DM is evaluated in the context of its relevance to health care and public health practices.

scholarly journals Role of Innate Immunity in Initiation and Progression of Osteoarthritis, with Emphasis on Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Juan Estrada McDermott ◽  
Lynn Pezzanite ◽  
Laurie Goodrich ◽  
Kelly Santangelo ◽  
Lyndah Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acute Trauma ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with diverse etiologies, affecting horses, humans, and companion animals. Importantly, OA is not a single disease, but rather a disease process initiated by different events, including acute trauma, irregular or repetitive overload of articular structures, and spontaneous development with aging. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA is still evolving, and OA is increasingly considered a multifactorial disease in which the innate immune system plays a key role in regulating and perpetuating low-grade inflammation, resulting in sustained cartilage injury and destruction. Macrophages within the synovium and synovial fluid are considered the key regulators of immune processes in OA and are capable of both stimulating and suppressing joint inflammation, by responding to local and systemic cues. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of the innate immune system in the overall pathogenesis of OA, drawing on insights from studies in humans, animal models of OA, and from clinical and research studies in horses. This review also discusses the various therapeutic immune modulatory options currently available for managing OA and their mechanisms of action.

NOD1 receptor is up-regulated in diabetic human and murine myocardium

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (12) ◽  
pp. 665-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Prieto ◽  
María Teresa Vallejo-Cremades ◽  
Gemma Benito ◽  
Pilar González-Peramato ◽  
Daniel Francés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Murine Models

We demonstrate that the myocardium from murine models of diabetes and the myocardium of patients with Type 2 diabetes overexpress the receptor of the innate immune system NOD1. This up-regulation occurred in cardiomyocytes and was associated with an increased apoptotic profile.

scholarly journals Is Type 2 Diabetes an Autoimmune-Inflammatory Disorder of the Innate Immune System?

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 4189-4191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard D. Kohn ◽  
Brian Wallace ◽  
Frank Schwartz ◽  
Kelly McCall
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder

scholarly journals The Role of Innate Immunity in Osteoarthritis: When Our First Line of Defense Goes On the Offensive

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Orlowsky ◽  
Virginia Byers Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Although osteoarthritis (OA) has existed since the dawn of humanity, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. OA is no longer considered a “wear and tear” condition but rather one driven by proteases where chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role in perpetuating proteolytic activity. While multiple factors are likely active in this process, recent evidence has implicated the innate immune system, the older or more primitive part of the body’s immune defense mechanisms. The roles of some of the components of the innate immune system have been tested in OA modelsin vivoincluding the roles of synovial macrophages and the complement system. This review is a selective overview of a large and evolving field. Insights into these mechanisms might inform our ability to identify patient subsets and give hope for the advent of novel OA therapies.

Lysozyme is a component of the innate immune system linked to obesity associated-chronic low-grade inflammation and altered glucose tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Moreno-Navarrete ◽  
Jèssica Latorre ◽  
Aina Lluch ◽  
Francisco J. Ortega ◽  
Ferran Comas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes, PUFAs, and Vitamin D: Their Relation to Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L. Guadarrama-López ◽  
Roxana Valdés-Ramos ◽  
Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Chronic diseases have become one of the most important public health problems, due to their high costs for treatment and prevention. Until now, researchers have considered that the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial. Recently, the study of the innate immune system has offered an explanation model of the pathogenesis of T2DM. On the other hand, there is evidence about the beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 and n-6 in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes. Furthermore, high vitamin D plasmatic concentrations have been associated with the best performance of pancreaticβcells and the improving of this disease. In conclusion, certain fatty acids in the adequate proportion as well as 25-hydroxivitamin D can modulate the inflammatory response in diabetic people, modifying the evolution of this disease.

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