Mesalazina: profilo farmacologico, terapeutico e farmacoeconomico

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Mario Eandi ◽  
Laura Ferrero
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rectal Route ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acids ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Specific Disorders

The term inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) refers to two distinct clinical entities: Crohn.s disease and ulcerative cholitis, two chronic and non-specific disorders of unknown origin. Although quite uncommon and usually not life-threatening, IBDs have a strong economical impact, as they tend to affect patients in high productivity ages and require long and demanding therapies, medical and sometimes surgical. The pharmacological approaches to IBD treatment include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Aminosalicylic acids are the most widely used agents for maintaining remission and for the cure of mild-tomoderate forms of IBDs. This paper outlines the main pharmacological and clinical properties of one of these drugs, mesalamine (mesalazine). Mesalamine is the active moiety of sulfasalazine, an effective but not always tolerated agent. Mesalamine is available in several pharmaceutical forms, to be administered either by the oral or by the rectal route. As the therapeutic action of aminosalicylates is ascribed to their topical action on the inflamed intestine, while the adverse effects are believed to be caused by the systemically adsorbed (mainly in the first tract of the small bowel) fraction, slow-release formulations are usually preferred. From an economical point of view, mesalamine appears to have a moderate acquisition cost, widely offset by the savings induced on direct sanitary and, most importantly, indirect costs of IBDs. In particular, the availability of a generic drug with advanced colon-delivery technology provides the physician with the opportunity to treat patients with the best available technology at a reasonable price.

scholarly journals Modeling Nickel Leaching from Abandoned Mine Tailing Deposits in Jøssingfjorden

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Svetlana Pakhomova ◽  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Morten Thorne Schaanning
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Mine Tailing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Best Available Technology ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
Nickel Leaching

Underwater disposal of mine tailings in lakes and seas has been considered favorable due to the geochemical stability obtained during long-term storage in anoxic sediments. Sulfides are stable in the ore; however, oxidation and transformation of some substances into more soluble forms may impact bioavailability processes and enhance the risk of toxic effects in the aquatic environment. The goal of this work was to construct a model for simulating the nickel (Ni) cycle in the water column and upper sediments and apply it to the mine tailing sea deposit in the Jøssingfjord, SouthWest Norway. A one-dimensional (1D) benthic–pelagic coupled biogeochemical model, BROM, supplemented with a Ni module specifically developed for the study was used. The model was optimized using field data collected from the fjord. The model predicted that the current high Ni concentrations in the sediment can be a potential source of Ni leaching to the water column until about 2040. The top 10 cm of sediments were classified as being of “poor” environmental state according to the Norwegian Quality Standards. A numerical experiment predicted that with complete cessation of the discharges there would be an improvement in the environmental state of sediment to “good” in about 20 years. On the other hand, doubling of discharge would lead to an increase in the Ni content in the sediment, approaching the boundary of the “very poor” environmental state. The model results demonstrated that Ni leaching from the sea deposits may be increased due to sediment reworking by bioturbation at the sediment–water interface. The model can be an instrument for analysis of different scenarios for mine tailing activities from point of view of reduction of environmental impact as a component of the best available technology.

scholarly journals Vedolizumab Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis in an Elderly Multimorbid Patient with Hemophilia A

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schäffler ◽  
Astrid Huth ◽  
Georg Lamprecht ◽  
Olaf Anders
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bleeding Episodes

The treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) can be challenging, especially in elderly multimorbid patients. Since incidence and prevalence rates of IBD are rising steadily, treatment of older patients with relevant and also rare comorbidities will be of increasing relevancy for caregivers. Here we report on a 74-year-old multimorbid patient with severe ulcerative colitis (UC) and hemophilia A. Because of the chronic active disease, therapy with a tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor was started. He suffered from a severe infectious complication (pneumonia) under therapy with infliximab. The therapy was changed to vedolizumab, with which the patient stayed in long-term clinical and endoscopic remission. Because the patient had a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in April 2016, he received dual platelet inhibitor therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Because of consecutive aspirin intolerance, the therapy was changed to clopidogrel monotherapy. Although the UC was treated appropriately with vedolizumab and the patient was in endoscopic mucosal remission, recurrent bleeding episodes from multiple inflammatory pseudopolyps occurred. The bleeding episodes resolved quickly after immediate treatment with factor VIII (Kogenate®). In conclusion, we describe the first patient in the literature with UC and hemophilia A who stayed in long-term remission under therapy with vedolizumab. From our point of view, vedolizumab can be safely administered in the setting of UC and hemophilia A. Antiplatelet drugs which inhibit primary hemostasis must be used with caution in this setting. Bleeding episodes can be treated safely and effectively with factor VIII (Kogenate®).

Basic Concepts of Mobile Radio Technologies

2009 ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Christian Kaspar ◽  
Florian Resatsch ◽  
Svenja Hagenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Service Adoption ◽  
Available Technology

Mobile radio technologies have seen a rapid growth in recent years. Sales numbers and market penetration of mobile handsets have reached new heights worldwide. With almost two billion GSM users in June 2006, and 74.7 million users of third generation devices, there is a large basis for business and product concepts in mobile commerce (GSM Association, 2006). Penetration rates average 80%, even surpassing 100% in some European countries (NetSize, 2006). The technical development laid the foundation for an increasing number of mobile service users with high mobile Web penetrations. The highest is seen in Germany and Italy (34% for each), followed by France with 28%, while in the U.S., 19% account for mobile internet usage (ComScore, 2006). One of the largest growing services is mobile games, with 59.9 million downloaded in 2006 (Telephia, 2006). Compared to the overall availability of handsets, the continuing high complexity and dynamic of mobile technologies accounts for limited mobile service adoption rates and business models in data services. Therefore, particular aspects of mobile technologies as a basis of promising business concepts within mobile commerce are illustrated in the following on three different levels: First on the network level, whereas available technology alternatives for the generation of digital radio networks need to be considered; second, on the service level, in order to compare different transfer standards for the development of mobile information services; third, on the business level, in order to identify valuable application scenarios from the customer point of view.

scholarly journals Endothelial function and its role in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
A A Tulichev ◽  
N Yu Borovkova ◽  
N N Borovkov ◽  
A A Spassky ◽  
I V Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Initial Stage

Currently rheumatoid arthritis is considered as an immune inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic damage of internal organs, leading to early disability and reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular diseases are most often mentioned as factors of poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology of the cardiovascular system in rheumatoid arthritis is usually associated with the macro- and microvascular changes and rheumatoid lesions of the heart. The leading factor in the damage of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis is systemic inflammation affecting its viscosity and elastic properties, increased rigidity, impaired endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is currently regarded to as an initial stage of morphogenesis of various vascular disorders. It is considered as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular diseases and the earliest predictor of cardiovascular complications. From this point of view study of endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aimed at determining cardiovascular risk is a perspective direction. Only single and fragmentary information about certain endothelial functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and substances released in this. There is no clear analysis of relationship between them and dependence on the process activity. Not clear is their role in the pathology of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis. This literature review discusses the problem of endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. The development mechanisms and the role of immune inflammation in its formation are considered. Also the association was found between chronic inflammatory activity indicators in rheumatoid arthritis and various biological markers and development of endothelial dysfunction. The effects of antirheumatic treatment on endothelial dysfunction in these patients were analyzed.

scholarly journals How to Design and Harvest a Propeller Flap

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Marco Pignatti ◽  
Valentina Pinto ◽  
Ann-Charlott Docherty Skogh ◽  
Federico Armando Giorgini ◽  
Riccardo Cipriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Recipient Vessel ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Propeller Flap ◽  
Skin Island ◽  
Available Technology

AbstractPropeller flaps are local flaps based either on a subcutaneous pedicle, a single perforator, or vessels entering the flap in such a way so as to allow the flap to rotate on their axis. Depending on the kind of pedicle and the anatomical area, the preoperative investigation and the harvesting techniques may vary.An adequate knowledge of skin and subcutaneous tissue perfusion in the different areas of the body is very important to plan a propeller flap to be successful.The surgeon should begin by finding the most suitable perforators in the area surrounding the defect using available technology. The position, size, and shape of the flap are planned about this point.For perforator-pedicled propeller flaps, the procedure starts with an exploration from the margins of the defect or through a dedicated incision to visualize any perforators in the surroundings. The most suitable perforator is selected and isolated, the skin island is replanned, and the flap is harvested and rotated into the defect. The variations in surgical technique for other types of propellers and in specific anatomical areas are also described.Compared with free flaps, propeller flaps have the advantage of a simpler, shorter operation, without the need for a recipient vessel for microanastomosis.Yet, from a technical point of view, an adequate experience in dissecting perforators and the use of magnifying glasses are almost always required.

IWEX: New Horizons for Pipeline Girth-Weld AUT Inspection

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Portzgen ◽  
Xavier Deleye ◽  
Vincent Gaffard ◽  
Jan van der Ent ◽  
Jasper Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Reconstruction Process ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Reliability Sensitivity ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Girth Welds

AUT inspections of pipeline girth-welds are increasingly performed in the context of strain or fatigue sensitive applications (such as arctic, deepwater or ultra deepwater applications) with increased O&G companies’ requirements in terms of reliability, sensitivity and accuracy. Commonly used ultrasonic girth weld solutions (based on the Zone Discrimination Technique) exhibits some weaknesses and limitations. The performance of the inspection (probability of detection “PoD” and sizing accuracy) strongly depends on geometric and metallurgical properties such as: - wall thickness variations, - UT probes positioning (as a result of band and scanner positioning), - surface conditions, - flaw type and orientation - pipe to pipe alignment - Geometry information (cap and root profiles) cannot effectively be extracted from AUT scans and defects interaction rules are very difficult to apply. To reach a high confidence level in AUT inspection PoD and sizing accuracy, extensive and time consuming qualification programs as well as project specific qualification tests are carried out. By way of consequence, from an operating O&G Company point of view, there is a strong interest to promote the development of new inspection methods with lower sensitivity to equipment settings and less operator dependency and possibly reduced qualification requirements. Inverse Wave Field Extrapolation (IWEX) is an image reconstruction process from UT propagated waves that, until now, was mainly used in seismic exploration. Recently, APPLUS RTD has pushed forward the technology to make it applicable to pipeline girth-weld inspection not only for onshore applications but also for an offshore lay barge context (e.g. with high productivity requirements). In this paper, the weaknesses of the zone discrimination technique are first described and the areas where IWEX should bring improvements are highlighted. The IWEX technology is then described and an IWEX technology qualification route, matching both expectations of an AUT solutions provider and an O&G Operating company, is proposed. The results of the qualification tests performed so far (including tests on defective welds) are detailed and the technology readiness level is discussed. Recommendations for next qualification and operational steps are given.

The Issue of Car Body Manufacture in Unibody Aluminum Alloy Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 880 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Gabriela Monica Pană ◽  
Laura Diana Grigorie
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Future Issue ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Design Options

Weight reduction is the present and future issue in the automotive industry. The use of aluminum for bodywork is a growing solution due to the specific properties and the recyclability it offers. The unibody design concept with high productivity is developed for steel sheet metal car bodies. They can also be made with aluminum sheets with different product shapes (sheets, extrusions, castings etc.). The aluminum offers a wide variety of design options. The most important difference between aluminum and steel models is the predominant joining technique. In order to obtain optimal solutions from a technical and economical point of view, it is necessary to apply aluminum design concepts and correspondingly adapted manufacturing technologies.

scholarly journals Idiopathic aplastic anemia: a rare case report in Jammu and Kashmir region, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2559
Author(s):  
Smriti Sharma ◽  
Upma . ◽  
Deep Mani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
First Case ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Life Threatening

Idiopathic aplastic anemia is a pancytopenia disorder that is a rare but life threatening for both mother and fetus during pregnancy. Association of aplastic anemia with pregnancy is unclear but considered to be interrelated. Bone marrow transplantation is the most effective treatment for adult aplastic anemia but is inadvisable to perform during pregnancy because of the teratogenic effect of immunosuppressive agents or radiation therapy to the growing fetus. Supportive care, withdrawal from offending drugs and involving erythrocytes and platelets transfusion is a promising way to save the life. Here author present a case report of 36-year-old lady with idiopathy aplastic anemia. In this case medical investigation revealed severe anemia of unknown origin. The patient was treated with hematinics, blood transfusion and glucocorticoids. A healthy baby was delivered without evidence of hemolysis at her eight month and one week of pregnancy, the patient recovered and discharged with normal incidence. Being a rare case, it becomes a necessity to report such life-threatening disorder and management. Moreover, to our knowledge this is the first case reported of its kind from Jammu and Kashmir Division of India.

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