scholarly journals The activation of wheat resistance against powdery mildew by combination of biotic elicitor and NO donor

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
I. V. Zhuk ◽  
Yu. V. Shylina ◽  
A. P. Dmytriev
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Donor

Aim. The aim of research was to analyze the activation of Triticum aestivum L. non-specific resistance by the effect of ferulic acid and NO on H2O2 content against fungal pathogen from environment in field trials. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in elicitor treated and infected wheat plants (cv. Oberig myronivskij and Svitanok myronivskij) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that different levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were induced in wheat leaves by treatment. The growth and yield were stimulated. The infection damage decreased. Conclusions. The role of endogenous hydrogen peroxide is crucial for wheat defense during all vegetation period. The elicitor and donor NO induced effective defense responses and resistance in winter wheat against Erysiphe graminis. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., ferulic acid, NO, induced resistance, powdery mildew.

scholarly journals The combination of NO donor and ferulic acid effect on the elicitation of Triticum aestivum tolerance against Septoria tritici

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Zhuk ◽  
A. P. Dmitriev ◽  
G. M. Lisova ◽  
L. O. Kucherova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Biotic Elicitor ◽  
Acid Effect ◽  
Yield Structure

Aim. The aim is to research the ability of enhancing ferulic acid effect as a biotic elicitor to induce tolerance of winter wheat plants against Septoria tritici Rob et Desm. leaf blotch infection by addition donor of NO signal molecule. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in wheat leaves (cv. Oberig myronivskij and Svytanok myronivskij). The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. It is shown that combination of treatment by ferulic acid with NO donor reduced the disease symptoms on 1–2 points. The level of endogenous hydrogen peroxide increased on 27 % in cv. Svytanok myronivskij. Conclusions. The data obtained suggest that combination of ferulic acid with donor NO could be used as more effective combination than biotic elicitor. They decreased the degree of lesions in leaf area caused by Septoria tritici Rob et Desm. leaf blotch infection and stimulated the growth of wheat plants. The analyze of biochemical mechanisms revealed that system resistance of wheat plants is induced via activation of antioxidant protection. Keywords: ferulic acid, NO, biotic elicitors, induced resistance, Triticum aestivum L., Septoria tritici Rob et Desm.

scholarly journals Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ramón Bienes ◽  
Maria Jose Marques ◽  
Blanca Sastre ◽  
Andrés García-Díaz ◽  
Iris Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

Karat winter wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
H. W. Johnston ◽  
E. Hansel ◽  
R. Blatt ◽  
C. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Glume Blotch ◽  
Cultivar Description

Karat is a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with bread making quality, high grain yield, and adequate straw strength. It is moderately susceptible to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis D.C. ex. Merat f. sp. tritici Marchal) and septoria leaf and glume blotch (caused by Septoria nodorum Berk.) and is suited for production in areas of Eastern Canada where winter survival is not a problem. Key words: Wheat (winter), cultivar description

scholarly journals Peningkatan Nutrisi Tanaman Serealia Menggunakan Actinobacteria Endofit

Agrikultura ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Enhancement ◽  
Pot Trial

ABSTRACTNutrient Enhancement In Cereal Crops Using Actinobacterial EndophytesWheat high demand without sufficient production and Actinobacterial endophytes usage limitation inIndonesia motivated this research. The aim was to determine Actinobacterial endophytes effect on nutrientenhancement in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It was hypothesized that they can enhance wheat nutrient.The experiment stages were: 1) Pot-Trial I, confirming nutrient enhancement using Actinobacteria in 6 soiltypes; 2) Pot-Trial II, screening Actinobacteria strains; and 3) Field-Trial. The results showed thatActinobacteria effects varied for different nutrients and site based differences. In Pot-Trial I, different soiltypes significantly affected the manganese and zinc content (P=0.00 and P=0.01), but not inoculation ofActinobacteria nor the combination of them. Field Trials showed the same trends. Combination betweenthose treatments significantly affected manganese content (P=0.045). Nutrient analysis on xylem sap in PotTrials 2 only showed the value differences since there was insufficient collected volume to be statisticallyanalyzed. Zinc and iron contents were the highest in Actinobacteria EUM165 treatment and the highestmanganese content in Actinobacteria EN16. In conclusion, wheat nutrient content is affected byActinobacteria and different soil types but there was insufficient evidence to generally conclude that it canbe enhanced. They have their own effects and affected each other in enhancing nutrient content.Keywords: Nutreint, wheat, endophytic ActinobacteriaABSTRAKTingginya permintaan gandum tidak disertai produksi yang cukup, serta terbatasnya pemanfaatanActinobacteria endofit di Indonesia, melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Tujuannya untuk mengetahuipengaruh penambahan Actinobacteria endofit terhadap nutrisi gandum (Triticum aestivum L.). Diduga,penambahan Actinobacteria endofit dapat meningkatkan kandungan nutrisinya. Tahapan penelitianmeliputi: 1) Uji-Pot I, mengonfirmasi peningkatan nutrisi gandum menggunakan Actinobacteria pada 6 jenistanah; 2) Uji-Pot II, menguji berbagai strain Actinobacteria terhadap peningkatan nutrisi gandum; serta 3)Uji Lapangan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Actinobacteria meningkatkan nutrisi gandum secara berbedatergantung nutrisi yang diuji serta jenis tanah yang digunakan. Pada Uji-Pot I, jenis tanah berpengaruhnyata terhadap kandungan mangan dan seng (P=0.00 dan P=0.01), tapi pemberian Actinobacteria maupunkombinasi keduanya tidak. Uji Lapangan menunjukkan hasil yang sama. Kombinasi kedua perlakuanmeningkatkan kandungan mangan secara signifikan (P=0.045). Analisis cairan xilem dari Uji-Pot IImenunjukkan perbedaan hasil tanpa uji statistik karena terbatasnya cairan yang dikumpulkan. Kandungantertinggi seng dan zat besi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan Actinobacteria EUM165 dan mangan yang lebihtinggi oleh Actinobacteria EN16. Disimpulkan bahwa kandungan nutrisi tanaman gandum dapatdipengaruhi oleh pemberian Actinobacteria endofit serta perbedaan jenis tanah, namun tidak cukup buktiuntuk menyimpulkannya secara umum. Baik jenis tanah maupun Actinobacteria endofit memiliki pengaruhsendiri serta saling mempengaruhi terhadap kandungan nutrisi tanaman gandum.Kata kunci: Nutrisi, gandum, actinobacteria endofit

Growth and Yield Response of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) To Different Sowing Times and Weed Competition Durations.

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-682
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
M. Asghar Malik . ◽  
Rana Majid Rahman . ◽  
Rashid Sohail . ◽  
M.M.Akram .
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Weed Competition
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