scholarly journals Inheritance of germination vigour in sugar beet sterility maintainers and their diallel hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
M. O. Kornieieva ◽  
P. I. Vakulenko ◽  
L. S. Andrieieva ◽  
S. M. Tymchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Genetic Value

Aim. To determine the degree of dominance of the “seed germination” sign and combination ability of sterility maintainers using diallel analysis. Methods. Hybridization of sterility maintainers was arranged as diallel crosses. Genetic determination of the sign was determined in accordance with Heyman’s method. Results. Used in crossing sterility maintainer lines have been studied in terms of their productivity in previous variety tests. D. The dominant inheritance of “seed germination” sign in diallel hybrids was determined as following: in the structure of the sign variability 43 % of cross combinations inherited this sign as positive dominance. Genetic determination of the “synergy of germination” sign was determined by the effects of combination ability. The additive effect of the female parent was assessed at 18.4 %, in male parent at 18.1 %, while the nonadditive effect of interaction between the components was at 40.7 % The influence of cytoplasmic effects amounted to 22,7 %. Selected were the best lines in specific pairs; their genetic value was studied as the average value of heterosis in many crossings involving specific lines. Conclusions. When forming sources of improved signs it is advisable to consider the cytoplasmic gene effects, which share is estimated at 22.7 %. The best lines in terms of general combination ability for seed germination found to be sterility maintainers Ot 1 and Ot 2. Keywords: sterility maintainers, combination ability, seed germination, additive, non-additive, and reciprocal effects.

The genetics of pathogenic aggressiveness in three dikaryons of Ustilago hordei

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Caten ◽  
C. Person ◽  
J. V. Groth ◽  
S. J. Dhahi
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Opposite Mating Type ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Polygenic System ◽  
New Races ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The genetic determination of a quantitative component of pathogenicity, aggressiveness, was examined in progeny populations derived from three parent dikaryons of Ustilago hordei. Aggressiveness was assessed as the proportion of smutted plants produced from inoculated seed of a compatible barley cultivar. The parents differed in their origins and cultural histories and this was reflected in the variability of their progenies. A standard race-10 strain appeared to be homozygous for genes affecting aggressiveness, while a dikaryon produced by mating two unrelated sporidia was heterozygous and produced highly variable progeny populations. In these populations, aggressiveness was determined by a polygenic system which involved both additive and dominance gene effects. It was not possible to estimate the number of genes involved, but segregation was apparent in individual tetrads. Furthermore, a difference between opposite mating-type segregants suggested the presence of a factor which affected aggressiveness and was linked to mating type. The dominance effects were ambidirectional suggesting that genotypes giving an intermediate level of aggressiveness are the most fit. The aggressiveness of a pathogen strain is an important factor determining the severity of epidemics on compatible hosts. It is also a major component of fitness and may influence the frequency of virulence factors in pathogen populations and the evolution of new races.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF SEED SIZE IN PIGEON PEA CAJANUS CAJAN

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
D. Sharma ◽  
Laxman Singh ◽  
S. S. Baghel ◽  
H. K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability

Diallel analysis for seed size on 10 varieties of pigeon pea or arhar Cajanus cajan L. Millsp., representing different maturity groups and wide range of variability in seed size, was conducted to determine genetic parameters. The D and H1 components indicated a predominance of additive gene effects and the degree of dominance was in the partial dominance range. Seed size was simply inherited with a high heritability value of 0.82. The scatter of parental arrays in a Wr, Vr graph suggested that the genes controlling smaller seed size were dominant over the genes controlling larger seed size. The analysis indicated the possibility of improving seed size by simple selection procedures.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis of “dedo-de-moça” pepper seeds in relation to physiological potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Gisely Paula Gomes ◽  
Douglas Zeffa ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Freiria ◽  
Felipe F Furlan ◽  
Robison Alesandro de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Seed Quality Traits

ABSTRACT “Dedo-de-moça” (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) is one of the main chili peppers grown worldwide. However, studies on genetics and breeding of this species are rare, when compared to other Capsicum species, manly in relation to physiological seed quality traits. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the combining ability of “dedo-de-moça” chili pepper in relation to physiological seed quality traits, determine the gene effects involved in the expression of these traits, and identify promising hybrid combinations. Crosses among five parents (Hortivale, Horticeres, Brs Mari, UEL 110 and UEL 111) in a full diallel mating design, resulted in 20 F1 hybrids. Griffing’s diallel model was used to estimate general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) as well as the reciprocal effect (RE). Wide genetic variability was observed for all evaluated traits. Significant effects of GCA, SCA and RE were also verified for all traits, showing that additive, non-additive and cytoplasmic effects are involved in the genetic control of physiological seed quality. Non-additive effects were predominant for all traits, being UEL 111 (♂) × Hortivale (♀) and Hortivale (♂) × UEL 110 (♀) considered promising hybrids for obtaining more vigorous seeds with higher germination and greater longevity.

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Raceophenidol in Feed at Very Low Levels

1968 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
Edward L Pratt ◽  
Morris E Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Collaborative Studies ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract Raceophenidol in feed at concentration levels intended for growth promotion of poultry can be estimated by a curvature inversion measurement related to the ultraviolet spectrum of derived p-methylsulfonylbenzaldehyde. The drug can be accurately measured at the 0.0005% level. Collaborative studies on the method showed an average value of 94 ± 10% of claim. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

scholarly journals Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion by using the phonetic vowel "O" and "E"

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Igic ◽  
Nebojsa Krunic ◽  
Ljiljana Aleksov ◽  
Milena Kostic ◽  
Aleksandra Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Vertical Dimension ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The vertical dimension of occlusion is a very important parameter for proper reconstruction of the relationship between the jaws. The literature describes many methods for its finding, from the simple, easily applicable clinically, to quite complicated, with the use of one or more devices for determination. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of determining the vertical dimension of occlusion using the vocals ?O? and ?E? with the control of values o btained by applying cognitive functions. Methods. This investigation was performed with the two groups of patients. The first group consisted of 50 females and 50 males, aged 18 to 30 years. In this group the distance between the reference points (on top of the nose and chin) was measured in the position of the mandible in the vertical dimension of occlusion, the vertical dimension at rest and the pronunciation of the words ?OLO? and ?ELE?. Checking the correctness of the particular value for the word ?OLO? was also performed by the phonetic method with the application of cognitive exercises when the patients counted from 89 to 80. The obtained difference in the average values i n determining the vertical dimension of occlusion and the ?OLO? and ?ELE? in the first group was used as the reference for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion in the second group of patients. The second group comprised of 31 edentulous persons (14 females and 17 males), aged from 54 to 85 years who had been made a complete denture. Results. The average value obtained for the vertical dimension of rest for the entire sample was 2.16 mm, for the word ?OLO? for the entire sample was 5.51 mm and for the word ?ELE? for the entire sample was 7.47 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders for the value of the vertical dimension at rest, ?ELE? and ?OLO?. There was a statistically significant difference between the values f or the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE? for both genders. There was a statistically significant correlation between the value for the vertical dimension at rest, ?OLO? and ?ELE?, for both groups of subjects. Conclusion. Determining the vertical dimension of occlusion requires 5.5 mm subtraction from the position of the mandible in pronunciation of the word ?OLO? or 7.5 mm in pronunciation of the word ?ELE?.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He-Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
Rashida Perveen ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Yasir Jamil ◽  
Qasim Ali ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Fast Decline ◽  
Seed Irradiation ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Positive Correlations

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of different doses (100, 300, and 500 mJ) of low power He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation on seed germination and thermodynamics attributes and activities of potential germinating enzymes in relation with changes in seed metabolites. He–Ne laser seed irradiation increased the amylase (Amy), protease (Pro) and glucosidase (Gluco) activities, with a significant improvement in seed thermodynamics and seed germination attributes. A fast increase was found in free fatty acids (FFA), free amino acids (FAA), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) in laser treated seeds in parallel with fast decline in seed oil contents and total soluble proteins (TSP). Significant positive correlations were recorded in laser-induced enhanced seed energy levels, germination, activities of germination enzymes with levels of FAA, FFA, Chl, TSS and RS, but a negative correlation with the levels of TSP and oil. In conclusion, the seed treatment with 100 and 300 mJ He–Ne laser was more effective to improve the seed germination potential associated with an improvement in seed energy levels due to increased activities of germination enzymes due to the speedy breakdown of seed reserves to simple metabolites as building blocks.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Root and Yield Related Morphological Characters in Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Effect On Yield

AbstractRelation between morphological traits of the root system and yield related traits is an important issue concerning efforts aiming at improving of ideotype of cultivated plants species, including pea. In this paper, to analyse the dependency between traits describing the root system morphology and yield potential, Person’s andSpearman's_correlations as well as canonical correlations were used.Root system was analyzed in 14 and 21 day-old seedlings growing in blotting-paper cylinders. Yield potential of pea was analysed in a field experiment. Results of Person’s and Spearman's_correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density were correlated witch yield related traits. Correlation between root length and shoot length was observed only for 14 day-old seedlings. The result of canonical correlations revealed that number of lateral roots and lateral roots density had the largest effect on yield related traits. This work highlights, that in order to improve the yield of pea it might become necessary to understand genetic determination of morphological traits of the root system, especially number of lateral roots.

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