About molecular mechanisms of fiber muscle contraction at transition to new equilibrium state: analysis of experimental data using three-componential electrical stimulating signal

The analysis of literatural and proper experimental data on toxicology and pharmacology of trekrezan, a new synthetic immune modulator and adaptogenic, is reviewed. The data on acute and chronic toxicity as well as phamacodynamic effects of trekrezan and molecular mechanisms of its action are observed. The main attention is paid to study adaptogenic, immune stimulating and anti-inflammatory properties of trekrezan (effect on cell and humoral immunity, phagocytosis, interferonogenesis). The special part describes the influence of trekrezan and combination on its basis (with polyoxidonium, metaprot) on structural, metabolic and immunological changes in the lung and blood lymphocytes of rats in acune bronchopulmonary inflammation, experimental prostatitis and gingivitis. In conclusion, a schedule illustrating connections between pharmacodynamic effects and systemic and molecular mechanisms is analysed.

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Ghrelin Aggravates Prostate Enlargement in Rats with Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Stromal Cell Proliferation, and Smooth Muscle Contraction in Human Prostate Tissues

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/4748312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaolong Wang ◽

Yiming Wang ◽

Christian Gratzke ◽

Christian Sterr ◽

Qingfeng Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Muscle Contraction ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Prostate Enlargement

Epidemiologic studies revealed a context between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship are largely unknown. Prostate enlargement and increased prostate smooth muscle tone are important factors in the pathophysiology of LUTS suggestive of BPH. In the present study, we studied effects of the metabolic hormone ghrelin on prostate enlargement in rats with experimentally induced BPH, growth of cultured stromal cells from human prostate (WPMY-1), and smooth muscle contraction of human prostate tissues. Ghrelin (20 nmol/kg daily, p.o., 2 weeks) increased prostate size in rats with testosterone-induced BPH. Microarray identified 114 ghrelin-upregulated genes (2-fold or more) in these prostates, with possible roles in growth, smooth muscle contraction, or metabolism. 12 genes were selected for further analyses. In human prostate tissues, mRNA levels of 11 of them correlated positively with ghrelin receptor (GHSR) expression, but only two with the degree of BPH. Accordingly, no correlation was evident between GHSR expression level and BPH in human prostate tissues. In WPMY-1 cells, the GHRS agonist MK0677 upregulated 11 of the selected genes. MK0677 induced proliferation of WPMY-1 cells, shown by EdU assay, colony formation, proliferation markers, flow cytometry, and viability. In myographic measurements, GHSR agonists enhanced contractions of human prostate strips. Together, ghrelin may aggravate prostate enlargement, stromal cell growth, and prostate smooth muscle contraction in BPH. Ghrelin may deteriorate urethral obstruction independently from BPH, qualifying the ghrelin system as an attractive new target to be tested for LUTS treatment in BPH.

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Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of global ischemia and cardioprotection in the rabbit heart

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00033.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 125-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

James D. McCully ◽

Monoj K. Bhasin ◽

Christian Daly ◽

Manuel C. Guerrero ◽

Simon Dillon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Muscle Contraction ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Rabbit Heart ◽

Global Ischemia ◽

Cdna Libraries ◽

New Zealand White Rabbits ◽

Involuntary Muscle Contraction ◽

Surgically Induced

Cardioplegia is used to partially alleviate the effects of surgically induced global ischemia injury; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this cardioprotection remain to be elucidated. To improve the understanding of the molecular processes modulating the effects of global ischemia and the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia, we constructed rabbit heart cDNA libraries and isolated, sequenced, and identified a compendium of nonredundant cDNAs for use in transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. New Zealand White rabbits were used to compare the effects of global ischemia and cardioplegia compared with control (nonischemic) hearts. The effects of RNA and protein synthesis on the cardioprotection afforded by cardioplegia were investigated separately by preperfusion with either α-amanitin or cycloheximide. Our results demonstrate that cardioplegia partially ameliorates the effects of global ischemia and that the cardioprotection is modulated by RNA- and protein-dependent mechanisms. Transcriptomic and proteomic enrichment analyses indicated that global ischemia downregulated genes/proteins associated with mitochondrial function and energy production, cofactor catabolism, and the generation of precursor metabolites of energy. In contrast, cardioplegia significantly increased differentially expressed genes/proteins associated with the mitochondrion and mitochondrial function and significantly upregulated the biological processes of muscle contraction, involuntary muscle contraction, carboxylic acid and fatty acid catabolic processes, fatty acid β-oxidation, and fatty acid metabolic processes.

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Bioinformatic resources for the investigation of proteins and proteomes

Peptidomics ◽

10.1515/ped-2015-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angelo Facchiano

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Data Management ◽

Protein Identification ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Strong Support ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Functional Interpretation ◽

Huge Data ◽

Protein World ◽

Protein Functions

AbstractExperimental techniques in omics sciences need strong support of bioinformatics tools for the data management, analysis and interpretation. Scientific community develops continuously new databases and tools. They make it possible the comparison of new experimental data with the existing ones, to gain new knowledge. Bioinformatics assists proteomics scientists for protein identification from experimental data, management of the huge data produced, investigation of molecular mechanisms of protein functions, their roles in biochemical pathways, and functional interpretation of biological processes. This article introduces the main bioinformatics resources for investigation in the protein world, with references to analyses performed by means of free tools available on the net.

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Toward a Sustainable Agriculture Through Plant Biostimulants: From Experimental Data to Practical Applications

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10101461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youssef Rouphael ◽

Giuseppe Colla

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Sustainable Agriculture ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

High Standard ◽

Original Research ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Application Procedure ◽

Wide Range

Modern agriculture increasingly demands an alternative to synthetic chemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) in order to respond to the changes in international law and regulations, but also consumers’ needs for food without potentially toxic residues. Microbial (arbuscular mycorrhizal and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Rizhobium spp.) and non-microbial (humic substances, silicon, animal- and vegetal-based protein hydrolysate and macro- and micro-algal extracts) biostimulants represent a sustainable and effective alternative or complement for their synthetic counterparts, bringing benefits to the environment, biodiversity, human health and economy. The Special Issue “Toward a sustainable agriculture through plant biostimulants: from experimental data to practical applications” compiles 34 original research articles, 4 review papers and 1 brief report covering the implications of microbial and non-microbial biostimulants for improving seedling growth and crop performance, nutrient use efficiency and quality of the produce as well as enhancing the tolerance/resistance to a wide range of abiotic stresses in particular salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency and high temperature. The present compilation of high standard scientific papers on principles and practices of plant biostimulants will foster knowledge transfer among researchers, fertilizer and biostimulant industries, stakeholders, extension specialists and farmers, and it will enable a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms and application procedure of biostimulants in different cropping systems.

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Localization of trehalose in partially hydrated DOPC bilayers: insights into cryoprotective mechanisms

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2014.0069 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (95) ◽

pp. 20140069 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Ben Kent ◽

Taavi Hunt ◽

Tamim A. Darwish ◽

Thomas Hauß ◽

Christopher J. Garvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Lipid Bilayer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Biological Membranes ◽

Water Layer ◽

Bilayer Membrane ◽

Lipid Bilayer Membrane ◽

Membrane Systems ◽

Gaussian Profile

Trehalose, a natural disaccharide with bioprotective properties, is widely recognized for its ability to preserve biological membranes during freezing and dehydration events. Despite debate over the molecular mechanisms by which this is achieved, and that different mechanisms imply quite different distributions of trehalose molecules with respect to the bilayer, there are no direct experimental data describing the location of trehalose within lipid bilayer membrane systems during dehydration. Here, we use neutron membrane diffraction to conclusively show that the trehalose distribution in a dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) system follows a Gaussian profile centred in the water layer between bilayers. The absence of any preference for localizing near the lipid headgroups of the bilayers indicates that the bioprotective effects of trehalose at physiologically relevant concentrations are the result of non-specific mechanisms that do not rely on direct interactions with the lipid headgroups.

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A mathematical model of metabolic insulin signaling pathways

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00571.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 283 (5) ◽

pp. E1084-E1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Ahmad R. Sedaghat ◽

Arthur Sherman ◽

Michael J. Quon

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Mathematical Model ◽

Insulin Receptor ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Insulin Dose ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Insight Into

We develop a mathematical model that explicitly represents many of the known signaling components mediating translocation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 to gain insight into the complexities of metabolic insulin signaling pathways. A novel mechanistic model of postreceptor events including phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of downstream kinases Akt and protein kinase C-ζ is coupled with previously validated subsystem models of insulin receptor binding, receptor recycling, and GLUT4 translocation. A system of differential equations is defined by the structure of the model. Rate constants and model parameters are constrained by published experimental data. Model simulations of insulin dose-response experiments agree with published experimental data and also generate expected qualitative behaviors such as sequential signal amplification and increased sensitivity of downstream components. We examined the consequences of incorporating feedback pathways as well as representing pathological conditions, such as increased levels of protein tyrosine phosphatases, to illustrate the utility of our model for exploring molecular mechanisms. We conclude that mathematical modeling of signal transduction pathways is a useful approach for gaining insight into the complexities of metabolic insulin signaling.

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