scholarly journals Controlled Environment Agriculture for Effective Plant Production Systems in a Semiarid Greenhouse

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa ISHII ◽  
Sadanori SASE ◽  
Hideki MORIYAMA ◽  
Limi OKUSHIMA ◽  
Atsuo IKEGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for Incorporation of Composting in Closed-Loop Urban Controlled Environment Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2471
Author(s):  
Ajwal Dsouza ◽  
Gordon W. Price ◽  
Mike Dixon ◽  
Thomas Graham
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture

Controlled environment agriculture (CEA), specifically advanced greenhouses, plant factories, and vertical farms, has a significant role to play in the urban agri-food landscape through provision of fresh and nutritious food for urban populations. With the push towards improving sustainability of these systems, a circular or closed-loop approach for managing resources is desirable. These crop production systems generate biowaste in the form of crop and growing substrate residues, the disposal of which not only impacts the immediate environment, but also represents a loss of valuable resources. Closing the resource loop through composting of crop residues and urban biowaste is presented. Composting allows for the recovery of carbon dioxide and plant nutrients that can be reused as inputs for crop production, while also providing a mechanism for managing and valorizing biowastes. A conceptual framework for integrating carbon dioxide and nutrient recovery through composting in a CEA system is described along with potential environmental benefits over conventional inputs. Challenges involved in the recovery and reuse of each component, as well as possible solutions, are discussed. Supplementary technologies such as biofiltration, bioponics, ozonation, and electrochemical oxidation are presented as means to overcome some operational challenges. Gaps in research are identified and future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals A Digital Twin Architecture to Optimize Productivity within Controlled Environment Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8875
Author(s):  
Jesus David Chaux ◽  
David Sanchez-Londono ◽  
Giacomo Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture

To ensure food security, agricultural production systems should innovate in the direction of increasing production while reducing utilized resources. Due to the higher level of automation with respect to traditional agricultural systems, Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) applications generally achieve better yields and quality crops at the expenses of higher energy consumption. In this context, Digital Twin (DT) may constitute a fundamental tool to reach the optimization of the productivity, intended as the ratio between production and resource consumption. For this reason, a DT Architecture for CEA systems is introduced within this work and applied to a case study for its validation. The proposed architecture is potentially able to optimize productivity since it utilizes simulation software that enables the optimization of: (i) Climate control strategies related to the control of the crop microclimate; (ii) treatments related to crop management. Due to the importance of food security in the worldwide landscape, the authors hope that this work may impulse the investigation of strategies for improving the productivity of CEA systems.

Protected Agriculture in Extreme Environments: A Review of Controlled Environment Agriculture in Tropical, Arid, Polar, and Urban Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas McCartney ◽  
Mark Lefsrud
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture

Abstract. Many methods of protected agriculture are used to modify the growing environment of plants. Ideally, plant production would take place in regions that do not require protective structures, regions that present ideal temperatures, no harsh extremes, and sufficient but not excess precipitation. This is not the case however, as most countries, save for a select few, require various forms of controlled environment agriculture to protect crops against climatic and environmental extremes. Although the greenhouse industry has developed vast amounts of technology for the temperate climate regions of our planet, much remains to be improved in terms of protected agriculture in the more extreme climates. Tropical, arid, polar and urban locations offer contrasting environments that present various challenges for plant growth. Some challenges are specific to each location, while others are common across them. Tropical and arid climates offer high solar radiation, but present harsh temperature and relative humidity conditions. Most protected agriculture structures are relatively open in nature to ventilate and discharge heat, but are susceptible to pests and diseases. On the other hand, polar climates and urban environments often lack solar radiation and require a high level of control of the air quality. The structures used in these environments are relatively enclosed to entrap heat (polar) and to make efficient use of space. The sustainability of available technologies and energy efficiency are important themes present in all discussed climates and environments. Protected agriculture technologies offer solutions to growers in locations with extreme climates wishing to produce high yields of high quality crop, and this article presents a review of the existing challenges and of the advancements made in this field. Keywords: Arid climate greenhouse, Evaporative cooling, Natural ventilation, Protected agriculture, Tropical climate greenhouse, Urban agriculture, Vertical farming.

scholarly journals Pulsed LED-Lighting as an Alternative Energy Savings Technique for Vertical Farms and Plant Factories

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Ernesto Olvera-Gonzalez ◽  
Nivia Escalante-Garcia ◽  
Deland Myers ◽  
Peter Ampim ◽  
Eric Obeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Operation Modes

Different strategies are reported in the literature for energy saving in Closed Plant Production Systems (CPPS). However, not reliable evidences about energy consumption with the use of pulsed LED light technique in lighting system available in Plant Factory and Vertical Farm. In this work, three key points to determine the effects of pulsed LED light versus continuous LED light are presented: (1) A mathematical model and its practical application for stabilizing the energy equivalence using LED light in continuous and pulsed mode in different light treatments. (2) The quantum efficiency of the photosystem II was used to determine positive and/or negative effects of the light operating mode (continuous or pulsed) on chili pepper plants (Capsicum annuum var. Serrano). (3) Evaluation of energy consumption with both operation modes using ten recipes from the literature to grow plants applied in Closed Plant Production Systems, different Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density at 50, 110, and 180 µmol m−2 s−1, Frequencies at 100, 500, and 1000 Hz, and Duty Cycles of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90%. The results show no significant statistical differences between the operation modes (continuous and pulsed LED light). For each light recipe analyzed, a pulsed frequency and a duty cycle were obtained, achieving significant energy savings in every light intensity. The results can be useful guide for real-life applications in CPPS.

scholarly journals Water-Conserving and Runoff-Reducing Production Systems for Containerized Plants: Some Examples of Recently Developed Technologies

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma Jyotsna ◽  
Dorota Z. Haman ◽  
Richard C. Beeson, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Micro Irrigation

ENH-1048, a 6-page illustrated fact sheet by Sharma, J., Haman, D.Z., and Beeson, Jr., R.C., describes some new, water conserving production systems for containerized plant production in outdoor nurseries that use the concepts of micro-irrigation and subirrigation. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, December 2006.

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