scholarly journals On the establishment of the thermodynamic scale of temperature by means of the constant-pressure thermometer

1907 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale

5. On a Constant Pressure Gas Thermometer

1880 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
William Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Thermal Capacity ◽  
Porous Plug ◽  
Proper Form ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Important Object ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale

In the article on “Heat” published in the eleventh volume of the Encyclopœdia Britannica, referred to in my previous communications to the Royal Society on Steam Pressure Thermometers, it is shown that the Constant Pressure Air Thermometer is the proper form of expansional thermometer to give temperature on the absolute thermodynamic scale, with no other data as to physical properties of the fluid than the thermal effect which it experiences in being forced through a porous plug, as in the experiment of Joule and myself on this subject; and the thermal capacity of the fluid under constant pressure. These data for air, hydrogen, and nitrogen have all been obtained with considerable accuracy, and thererfore it becomes an important object towards promoting accurate thermometry, to make a practical working thermometer directly adapted to show temperature on the absolute thermodynamic scale through the whole range of temperature, from the lowest attainable by any means, to the highest for which glass remains solid.

scholarly journals The boiling-point of sulphur on the thermodynamic scale

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (617) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boiling Point ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Communication ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
The One ◽  
Thermodynamic Scale

The experiments described in this paper were carried out with the constant-pressure gas thermometer. The form of the apparatus has been already given in some detail in a previous paper,* the results of which were not regarded as final owing to the alteration in volume of the glass bulb. The latter was, therefore, changed for one of fused silica, and, of course, the compensation tubes were likewise of silica. It is unnecessary to repeat all the details given in the previous communication, any change will be mentioned here; it can be assumed that the mode of experiment has remained the same in all other particulars. To avoid continual references back to this paper, figs. 1 and 2 are here repeated. Figs. 1 represent the bulb and expansion vessel, while fig. 2 shows the two gauges (the mercury and oil gauges); it should be added that the oil-gauge tap has since been changed for the tap shown in fig. 5 of the present paper. The silica bulb and connecting tubes are drawn roughly to scale in fig. 3. Two silica bulbs have been used of practically the same volume; the one has the form shown in the figure; in the other, the bulb is connected immediately to the tube B, the capillary tube D being continued down to C.

Using corpora in depth psychology: a trigram-based analysis of a corpus of fetish fantasies

Corpora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Depth Psychology ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Language ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Depth Psychological ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Quantitative Linguistics

Contemporary depth psychology is under constant pressure to demonstrate and strengthen its evidence base. In this paper, I show how the analysis of large corpora can contribute to this goal of developing and testing depth-psychological theory. To provide a basis for evaluating statements about foot and shoe fetishism, I analyse the thirty-six most frequent three-word phrases (or trigrams) in a corpus of about 1.6 million words of amateur fetish stories written in the German language. Zipfian methods from quantitative linguistics are used to specify the number of phrases for analysis and I argue that these reflect the core themes of the corpus. The analysis reveals three main dimensions. First, it corroborates the observations of the early sexologists that foot and shoe fetishism is very closely intertwined with sadomasochism. Secondly, it shows that genitalia-related phrases are also common, but an examination of their contexts questions Freud's theory that fetishism results from an assumption of female castration. Thirdly, it reveals that the mouth also plays a key role; however, the frequent co-presence of genitalia references in the same texts does not seem to support straightforwardly the most common alternative theory of fetishism based on object relations. Future research could valuably extend this approach to other fetishes and, in due course, to other depth-psychological constructs.

MULTIDIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS AND TEST FIRES OF A HYDROGEN-FUELED RAMJET WITH AN ANNULAR DETONATIVE COMBUSTOR AT APPROACHING AIR FLOW OF MACH 2 AND 1.5

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. IVANOV ◽  
◽  
V. S. AKSENOV ◽  
S. M. FROLOV ◽  
P. A. GUSEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Mach Numbers

Modern high-speed unmanned aerial vehicles are powered with small-size turbojets or ramjets. Existing ramjets operating on the thermodynamic cycle with de§agrative combustion of fuel at constant pressure are efficient at flight Mach numbers M ranging from about 2 to 6.

scholarly journals Hamiltonian Approach to Magnetic Fields with Toroidal Surfaces

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 959-967
Author(s):  
A. Salat
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Hamiltonian System ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Hamiltonian Approach ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mhd Equilibrium ◽  
Magnetic Surfaces ◽  
Rotational Transform

The equivalence of magnetic field line equations to a one-dimensional time-dependent Hamiltonian system is used to construct magnetic fields with arbitrary toroidal magnetic surfaces I = const. For this purpose Hamiltonians H which together with their invariants satisfy periodicity constraints have to be known. The choice of H fixes the rotational transform η(I). Arbitrary axisymmetric fields, and nonaxisymmetric fields with constant η(I) are considered in detail.Configurations with coinciding magnetic and current density surfaces are obtained. The approach used is not well suited, however, to satisfying the additional MHD equilibrium condition of constant pressure on magnetic surfaces.

A Rational Equation of State for Water and Water Vapor in the Critical Region

1964 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Region ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Parametric Equation ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy ◽  
Specific Volumes

A parametric equation of state was derived for water and water vapor in the critical region from experimental P-V-T data. It is valid in that part of the critical region encompassed by pressures from 3000 to 4000 psia, specific volumes from 0.0400 to 0.1100 ft3/lb, and temperatures from 698 to 752 deg F. The equation of state satisfies all of the known conditions at the critical point. It also satisfies the conditions along certain of the boundaries which probably separate “supercritical liquid” from “supercritical vapor.” The equation of state, though quite simple in form, is probably superior to any equation heretofore derived for water and water vapor in the critical region. Specifically, the deviations between the measured and computed values of pressure in the large majority of the cases were within three parts in one thousand. This coincides approximately with the overall uncertainty in P-V-T measurements. In view of these factors, the author recommends that the equation be used to derive values for such thermodynamic properties as specific heat at constant pressure, enthalpy, and entropy in the critical region.

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