scholarly journals El sufijo «-ing» en español y catalán: análisis contrastivo desde la perspectiva lexicográfica

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 369-396
Author(s):  
Marta Prat Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Romance Languages ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en realizar un análisis contrastivo entre español y catalán sobre el uso del sufijo -ing de procedencia inglesa. Para ello, se compara, en primer lugar, la mayor o menor aceptabilidad de anglicismos con esta terminación en los diccionarios normativos y de uso de ambas lenguas románicas. En segundo lugar, se demuestra que, además de tratarse de un morfema derivativo que forma parte de importaciones léxicas, posee un valor productivo en la creación o aceptación de nuevas palabras con esta terminación. Por último, la valoración de su presencia en el contexto lexicográfico sugiere constatar en futuros trabajos la vitalidad de este sufijo en el uso más espontáneo de las lenguas española y catalana. The objective of this article is to carry out a contrastive analysis between Spanish and Catalan on the use of the English suffix -ing. For this purpose, the greater or lesser acceptability of anglicisms is compared, first, with this word ending in the normative and use dictionaries of both Romance languages. Secondly, it is shown that, besides being a derivative morpheme which is part of lexical imports, it has a productive value in the creation or acceptance of new words with this ending. Finally, the assessment of its presence in the lexicographical context suggests that future researches will verify the vitality of this suffix in the most spontaneous use of the Spanish and Catalan languages.

scholarly journals New Words and New Forms of Linguistic Purism in the 21st Century: The Italian Debate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-186
Author(s):  
Carla Marello
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
New Words ◽  
International Language ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Linguistic Purism

Abstract Unlike communities of speakers of other Romance languages such as French and Spanish, it has often been noticed that many Italian speakers are not particularly concerned by the inflow of foreign (mainly English) words. One reason for this, according to some scholars, is that standard Italian does not stir up linguistic identity for many native users, while English enjoys great prestige as the international language. In this paper, positions on neologisms of foreign origin are illustrated, using recently updated monolingual Italian dictionaries and also comments on neologisms collected from blogs and websites. Although they have a different status and degree of representativeness, the latter respond faster than dictionaries to doubts concerning the use of loans in Italian texts.

The Acquisition of Word-Formation in the Romance Languages

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
New Words ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Elicitation Studies

Several factors influence children’s initial choices of word-formation options––simplicity of form, transparency of meaning, and productivity in current adult speech. The coining of new words is also constrained by general pragmatic considerations for usage: Reliance on conventionality, contrast, and cooperation between speaker and addressee. For children acquiring French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, the data on what they know about word-formation for the coining of new words consist primarily of diary observations; in some cases, these are supplemented with experimental elicitation studies of the comprehension and production of new word-forms. The general patterns in Romance acquisition of word-formation favor derivation over compounding. Children produce some spontaneous coinages with zero derivation (verbs converted to nouns in French, for example) from as young as 2 years, 6 months (2;6). The earliest suffixes children put to use in these languages tend to be agentive (from 2;6 to 3 years onward), followed by instrumental, objective, locative, and, slightly later, diminutive. The only prefixes that emerge early in child innovations are negative ones used to express reversals of actions. Overall, the general patterns of acquisition for word-formation in Romance are similar to those in Semitic, where derivation is also more productive than compounding, rather than to those in Germanic, where compounding is highly productive, and emerges very early, before any derivational forms.

scholarly journals The ways of appearance and formation of neologisms in the modern French periodicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Ulfat Ibrahim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
The Creation

The article is devoted to the problem of studies of neologisms in the modern French press materials. The author researches the method of appearance of new terms and enriching of the French language vocabulary. Suffixes, prefixes, and parasynthetic tools are widely used in the creation of new words in French language. However, the appearance of neologism nouns can be attributed to the fact that they are the main means of formation. Among the loanwords, the loanwords from the English language prevail. These derivations are mainly related to commercial and economic terminology, while the derivation of compound nouns refers to everyday vocabulary.

scholarly journals Vajon in Translated Hungarian

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Andrea Götz
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Linguistic Approach

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the structures the discourse marker vajon forms in translated Hungarian fiction. Although translation data has been deployed in the study of discourse markers (Aijmer & Simon- Vandenbergen, 2004), such studies do not account for translation-specific phenomena which can influence the data of their analysis. In addition, translated discourse markers could offer insights into the idiosyncratic properties of translated texts as well as the culturally defined norms of translation that guide the creation of target texts. The analysis presented in this paper extends the cross-linguistic approach beyond contrastive analysis with a detailed investigation of two corpora of translated texts in order to identify patterns which could be a sign of translation or genre norms impacting the target texts. As a result, a distinct, diverging pattern emerges between the two corpora: patterns of explicit polarity show a marked difference. However, further research is needed to clarify whether these are due to language, genre, or translation norms.

scholarly journals ‘Balish’: Bahasa Inggris Dialek Pekerja Pariwisata di Kawasan Wisata Kuta Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukarini ◽  
I Made Rajeg
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
New Words ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Massage Therapists

English plays an important role for workers in the tourism sector of all classes, including wholesalers, massage therapists, parking attendants, and shop assistants. Preliminary observations show that they, in general, use Balinese dialect of English or Balish. This article describes the Balish used in tourism area of Kuta, Bali, by tourism workers who have naturalized the English language by adopting several language features, especially Balinese and Indonesian, such as sentence structures, words, and expressions. The data were analyzed using The New Englishes theory and the results showed that the use of Balinese and Indonesian words in English resulted in the creation of new words, grammatical shifts, changes in word meanings, use of idioms, use of groups of verbs, and repetition of forms. Balish has adopted several grammatical features, both from Balinese and Indonesian, and it is hoped that one day it will have regular speakers so that it becomes a pidgin.  

scholarly journals ON EFIK PREFIXING MORPHOLOGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Eyo Offiong Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Root Element ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
The Creation

Prefixation is a grammatical devise that involves the attachment of a bound morpheme to the left of a root element or stem. It functions to signal certain grammatical relationships involving categories like tense, negation, person, number, and aspect. It can also trigger off the creation of new words from existing ones. The focus of this paper is to analyse the forms and structure of Efik prefixes in relation to the different phonological and morphosyntactic operations they can signal in the language. The paper also examines the various word formation strategies involving prefixation in the language. The basic assumption, however, is that the structure of Efik prefixes vary according to agreement, and is determined by the principle of vowel harmony. The study discovers that Efik prefixes have systematic and rule-governed structures and that certain conditions, such as the phonology of the stem, the stem’s lexical category and the semantic value of prefixes stipulate their position. We wish to interpret the following abbreviations in order to facilitate our analyses: Adv(erb), Asp(ect), Aux(illiary), Conj(unction), Fut(ure tense), Mod(ality), Neg(ation), N(oun), NP (Noun Phrase), Pres(ent tense), PT(Past tense), Pro(noun), Pfx (Prefix) SC (Subject Concord), Spec(ifier), Tn (tense) and V(erb). 

scholarly journals Noun formation processes in Nda’nda’

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Hugues Carlos Gueche Fotso
Keyword(s):  
Structural Approach ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Lexical Items

This paper examines nouns formation processes in Nda’nda’, a littledocumented language spoken in Western Cameroon. My concern is to account for the various strategies used by the language to expand its vocabulary in the face of new realities. How are new words created? What are the linguistics transformations loanwords undergo when they enter the language? To answer these questions, data are collected with a wordlist, transcribed in IPA and analyzed in a structural approach. Four lexical enrichment processes are identified here, namely derivation, conversion, borrowing and compounding. Derivation mainly explores how suffixes function in Nda’nda’ in the creation of new words. Conversion from verbs to nouns, though not very productive, is also examined. An analysis of loanwords highlights the phonological, morphological and semantic behavior of the latter in the language. Compounding studies the rules that govern the association of lexical items that exists independently in the Nda’nda’ lexicon.

Spanish and Italian Diminutives Compared: Two Alternatives of a Single Diasystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
John M. Ryan ◽  
Víctor Parra-Guinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
New Words ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Two Alternatives ◽  
Over Time

The relexification of diminutives has been one of the most productive ways to create new words in the Romance languages. The phenomenon is defined as the historical reanalysis of a lexical item composed of root plus diminutive suffix, whereby the original semantic value of the suffix is bleached over time and its combined form is subsequently reanalyzed as part of a new single morphological root carrying new meaning. This study provides a quantitative lexicographic analysis of the entirety of diminutives that have relexified in the history of Italian. When compared to results for Spanish by Ryan and Parra-Guinaldo (2016), data of this study suggest that Italian followed a very different trajectory of diminutive relexification from Latin than that for Spanish. Specifically, Italian appears to have developed a preference for the alternate ad hoc diminutive suffixes -ino/a and -etto/a (based on non-diminutive Latin forms) at a much earlier period than did Spanish, allowing for greater absorption and the time necessary for relexification. Contrastively, lexicographic data for Spanish suggest that Spanish instead continued to favor reflexes of the original Latin diminutive suffixes. The reasons proposed for this divergence is the relatively early colonization of the Iberian Peninsula and continued preference for traditional Latin diminutive endings over innovative endings that were being adopted Empire-wide, beyond Castile, including other regions of Hispania Keywords: morphology, lexicon, diminutives, Italian, Spanish

Using English as a gateway to Romance language acquisition

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Jana Beresova
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
Other Hand

The paper focuses on Romance language acquisition through English acquired as the first foreign language. A conscious approach to relations between languages enables learners, who acquired certain knowledge, attitudes and skills while learning one language, to learn other languages more easily. Research is based on contrastive analysis of two Romance languages – French and Spanish – and their relations to English. Learning those two Romance languages was carried out through the knowledge of some principles of how languages function and are related to each other. The analysis of vocabulary and grammar focuses on similarities between the three mentioned languages, emphasising the level of intensity in similarity on one hand, and possible problems related to spelling, pronunciation and meaning on the other hand. The research supports the idea of language plurality in education, and the necessity to help learners construct and continuously broaden and deepen their own plurilingual competence. Keywords: pluringuialism; multilingualism; FREPA; contrastive analysis; 

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