scholarly journals The ways of appearance and formation of neologisms in the modern French periodicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Ulfat Ibrahim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
The Creation

The article is devoted to the problem of studies of neologisms in the modern French press materials. The author researches the method of appearance of new terms and enriching of the French language vocabulary. Suffixes, prefixes, and parasynthetic tools are widely used in the creation of new words in French language. However, the appearance of neologism nouns can be attributed to the fact that they are the main means of formation. Among the loanwords, the loanwords from the English language prevail. These derivations are mainly related to commercial and economic terminology, while the derivation of compound nouns refers to everyday vocabulary.

scholarly journals ‘Balish’: Bahasa Inggris Dialek Pekerja Pariwisata di Kawasan Wisata Kuta Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukarini ◽  
I Made Rajeg
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
New Words ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Massage Therapists

English plays an important role for workers in the tourism sector of all classes, including wholesalers, massage therapists, parking attendants, and shop assistants. Preliminary observations show that they, in general, use Balinese dialect of English or Balish. This article describes the Balish used in tourism area of Kuta, Bali, by tourism workers who have naturalized the English language by adopting several language features, especially Balinese and Indonesian, such as sentence structures, words, and expressions. The data were analyzed using The New Englishes theory and the results showed that the use of Balinese and Indonesian words in English resulted in the creation of new words, grammatical shifts, changes in word meanings, use of idioms, use of groups of verbs, and repetition of forms. Balish has adopted several grammatical features, both from Balinese and Indonesian, and it is hoped that one day it will have regular speakers so that it becomes a pidgin.  

scholarly journals AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES OF LEXICAL EXPANSION IN CURRENT ENGLISH

Verbum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Roma Kriaučiūnienė ◽  
Vilija Sangailaitė
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new words and to overview the processes of lexical expansion in the English language, and 2) to determine which methods are employed and which are absent in the creation of new words in current English by analyzing the novel lexical items retrieved from the OED Online. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. The results indicate that the concept of new words is not straightforward in the English language. More often than not, the terms neologisms and new words are used synonymously to refer to recent, novel lexical items recognized and used by the language community. English has an extensive inventory of word-forming tools classified into these distinct categories: word-formation, semantic change, borrowing, and other; each further subdivided into various processes. Overall, the subtypes of word-formation – derivation, shortening and compounding – are used the most in the creation of recent additions to the lexicon. Predominantly, the findings are consistent with the tendencies of lexical expansion observed in previous studies.

scholarly journals L’adjectif néologique en français actuel — tendances lexicogéniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Alicja Kacprzak
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
English Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

Our article tackles the subject of the creation of the adjectives in French language in recent years. The questions that have arisen in the course of the investigation concern the vitality of the category of adjectives compared to other parts of speech, as well as the most frequent ways in which adjective neologisms have emerged in recent years. We also ask if the very significant influence of English language on the newest French lexis is also evident in case of adjectives, and finally whether the analysis of neologisms within this category enables to limit the field of study to Romance languages only.

scholarly journals Calquing of the English-language collocations as one of the productive ways of borrowing in the modern French language

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nina Petrovna Minova ◽  
Irina Sergeevna Kasimirova ◽  
Galina Ivanovna Mamukina ◽  
Anna Valeryevna Phedorova ◽  
Semen Evgenyevich Suprunov
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
New Words ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Subject

The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the fact colloquial languages are in a state of constant change and development, generating new words and expressions for designating new concepts and phenomena. The understanding of neologism even in the native language often can be fraught with certain difficulties, as such words and phrases are registered by dictionaries behind time. It also can create problems in translating neologisms into another language, as well as their borrowing by other languages. The goal of this work consists in examination of the process of calquing of the newly formed English-language collocations by the French language. The subject of the article is the full calques and half-calques of collocations of English origin in the process of their integration into the modern French language. Methodology is based on the lexicographic, descriptive and comparative methods, cognitive and lexical-semantic analysis, and continuous sampling. The conducted research displays that in borrowing collocations from the English language by the modern French language, the generalized-descriptive reconsideration of the entire phrase is observed in formation of a new phraseological with regards to both, full calques of English phraseologisms and phraseological half-calques. Special interest present the calques of the English collocation of phraseological and non-phraseological nature, which in the French language get an expanded meaning, or become the basis for formation of new phraseologisms due to broadening of their meaning.

scholarly journals The Implementation of the Principle of Economy in the Formation of Psychological Terms in English and Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Y.V. Yarovikova ◽  
E.A. Balygina
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Words ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation

The paper addresses the ways of applying economy principle to the sublanguage of psychology. The authors identify the most productive term formation methods, which show the tendency of both languages to compression of nominal words and phrases. In the system of psychological terms of the English language, the most productive ways of linguistic compression are affixation and compounding. The English terminological system is rich, functional and economical because of its unlimited potential for compounding and affixation. The Russian terminological system is more likely to enrich the vocabulary through phonetic borrowings, semantic derivation and calque. It is argued that the borrowings acquired by the Russian terminological system account for the multitude of synonymous terms. On the other hand, phonetic borrowings and semantic calque have enriched the vocabulary without effort and redundancy. It is concluded that economy principle plays a fundamental role in the creation of new words and their adaptation to the English and Russian terminological systems.

Examining the Use of Vocabulary Learning Strategies among EFL Learners in Baghlan University of Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Social Strategies ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
New Words ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies

Vocabulary learning is one of the problems in language learning skills. Tackling such problems is to provide useful and effective strategies for enhancing students’ VLSs. Therefore, this study aims to survey vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) utilized among English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL) in Baghlan University of Afghanistan, and to study the high and least frequently used VLSs that contributes to the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. This study utilizes a descriptive quantitative research method with 67 EFL learners who participated in the survey questionnaire adopted from Oxford (1990) taxonomy of VLS from different faculties of Baghlan University. The findings indicated that EFL learners preferably utilize VLSs at a medium level, and the highly used vocabulary learning strategies are the social strategies through which they ask the native speakers, teachers, and classmates for the meanings of new words in English language conversation. Determination, cognitive, and memory strategies are respectively followed by the learners. Whereas, metacognitive strategies are the least used strategies among EFL learners, the reason is that they only focus on the materials related to examination; explore anything about the new words for learning, and rarely think of their improvement in vocabulary learning.

scholarly journals On metaphorical designation of humans, animals, plants and things in Serbian and English language

2004 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Stanimir Rakic
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of

In this paper I examine compound names of plants, animals, human beings and other things in which at least one nominal component designates a part of the body or clothes, or some basic elements of houshold in Serbian and English. The object of my analysis are complex derivatives of the type (adjective noun) + suffix in Serbian and componds of the type noun's + noun, noun + noun and adjective + noun in English. I try to show that there is a difference in metaphorical designation of human beings and other living creatures and things by such compound nouns. My thesis is that the metathorical designation of human beings by such compounds is based on the symbolic meaning of some words and expressions while the designation of other things and beings relies on noticed similarity. In Serbian language such designation is provided by comples derivatives praznoglavac 'empty-headed person', tupoglavac 'dullard' debolokoiac 'callos person', golobradac 'young, inexperienced person' zutokljunac 'tledling' (fig), in English chicken liver, beetle brain birdbrain, bonehead, butterfingers, bigwig, blackleg, blue blood bluestocking, eat's paw, deadhead,fat-guts,fathead, goldbrick (kol) hardhat, hardhead, greenhorn, redcoat (ist), redneck (sl), thickhead, etc. Polisemous compounds like eat's paw lend support for this thesis because their designation of human beings is based on symbolic meaning of some words or expressions. I hypothesize that the direction and extend of the possible metaphorization of names may be accounted for by the following hierarchy (11) people - animals - plants - meterial things. Such hierarchy is well supported by the observations of Lakoff (1987) and Taylor (1995) about the role of human body in early experience and perception ofthe reality. Different restrictions which may be imposed in the hierarchy (11) should be the matter of further study, some of which have been noted on this paper. The compounds of this type denoting people have metaphorically meaning conected with some pejorative uses. These compounds refer to some psychological or characteral features, and show that for the classification of people such features are much more important than physical properties. While the animals and plants are classified according to some charecteristics of their body parts, people are usually classified according to psychollogical characteristics or their social functions. I have also noted a difference in structure between compounds designation animals and those designating plants and other things. The designation of animals relies more on metonymy, and that of plants and other things on metaphor based on comparision of noticed similarities. In the compounds designating animals, the nominal component relatively seldom refers to the parts of plants or other things. I guess that the cause may be the fact that the anatomy of plants is very different from the anatomy of animals. As a consequence the structure adjective + noun is much more characteristic of the compounds designating animals in English than the structure noun's + noun, and the same holds, although in a lesser degree for the compounds designating humans. It is also noticeable that in English compounds whose second component a part of body or clothes the first component rarely designates animals. On the other hand the compounds (9), in which the nominal head refers to some superordinate species, the first component often designates animal species, but usually of a very different kind. These data seem to lend support for Goldvarg & Gluksberg's thesis (1998) that metaforical interpretation is favoured if the nominal constituents denote quite different entities.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING EXPERIENCED AND NOVICE ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS` PERCEPTIONS of MOST USEFUL VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGIES (VLS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Elnaz Zariholhosseini ◽  
Ehsan Namaziandost ◽  
Mehdi Nasri
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
New Words ◽  
Novice Learners ◽  
Vocabulary Learning Strategies ◽  
Personal Use

Purpose of the study: This article report’s findings from a study on the differences and similarities between experienced and novice English language learners with regards to their personal use of VLS. Methodology: Closed questionnaire and semi-structure interviews were applied to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed among 60 (30 experienced learners and 30 novice learners). In addition, 20 learners (10 experienced learners and 10 novice learners) were asked to answer the questions in the interview. Therefore, descriptive statistics, U Mann Whitney test, and independent-sample t-test were run to compare and analyzed the data. Main Findings: The finding showed that there were significant differences between experienced and novice learners’ thoughts towards vocabulary learning strategies and experienced learners used vocabulary learning strategies while learning new words in English language learning. Applications of this study: If the learners are taught how to use each strategy correctly, their understanding of the language can naturally be improved. Moreover, VLS is beneficial throughout the process of vocabulary learning which makes learners more independent and allows teachers to focus on other things as well. Novelty/Originality of this study: To the best of researchers’ knowledge, no study has been done on investigating Iranian experienced and novice English language learners` perceptions towards most useful vocabulary learning strategies (VLS).

scholarly journals COMPOUND NOUNS IN GERMAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(78)) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Svitlana Korol
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Regular Growth ◽  
German Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Plural Form ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with one of the most common types of word formation in German as word compounding. Compound nouns have become the object of study, as this part of the language leads the way in the formation of new words in this way. The relevance of the research is reinforced by the fact that German compound nouns differ by their multicomponent structure and are in the process of regular growth of their numbers, so they are attracting the attention of Germanists of different generations continuously. The study has examined the nature of the component composition of composites, the types of bonding between components, the types of constituent components, the role of the connecting element, the syllable’s accentuation of components of the compound noun etc. The compound can be built from nouns, adjectives, verbs or an invariable element (prepositions). There is no limit of the number of the associated words. The last word in the compound always determines the gender and plural form of the compound noun. The connectors or linking elements in existing German compound words often correspond to old case endings (e.g., plural, genitive). These endings expressed the relationship of the compound parts to one another. The article considers the causes of the formation of complex nouns. Compounds make the German language more flexible. In general, compounds are used to convey more information in one word and for reasons of language economy. Special attention deserves such a phenomenon as Denglish. This is the mashing of words from the two languages to create new hybrid words.

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