scholarly journals El uso de videojuegos en adolescentes. Un problema de Salud Pública

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-591
Author(s):  
Mónica Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽  
Francisca María García Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Mental Health Centers

Introducción: El uso excesivo de videojuegos ha aumentado de manera vertiginosa y, especialmente, entre los varones con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 19 años. Muchos adolescentes pierden el control sobre el videojuego, lo que puede tener consecuencias negativas como el juego patológico, problemático o la adicción al videojuego.Objetivos: Conocer la producción científica existente sobre el uso problemático de videojuegos y la adicción al videojuego en los adolescentes. Metodología: Se han analizado los documentos encontrados tras una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos COCHRANE, MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL y CUIDEN.Resultados: Se han definido los factores predictores, la prevalencia, las características, los cuestionarios validados, la relación con otras adicciones, la relación con el TEA (Trastorno del Espectro Autista) y con el TDAH (Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad) y la prevención del uso problemático y la adicción al videojuego.Conclusiones: Hay inconsistencias en los resultados debido al diseño transversal de la mayoría de los estudios, a las muestras pequeñas, a la ausencia de muestras clínicas o aleatorizadas, a la extracción de datos con cuestionarios de autorreporte, a la realización de estos en colegios, sin tener en cuenta a los adolescentes ingresados en centros de salud mental u hospitales, a la falta de estudios en el género femenino y a la falta de estandarización de los criterios diagnósticos. El tema menos estudiado es el tratamiento y la prevención, el más importante para nuestra profesión, por lo que la principal futura línea de investigación sería en este ámbito. Introduction: The excessive use of videogames has increased dramatically, especially among 10-to-19-year-old males. Many teenagers lose control over video games, which may have negative consequences such as pathological, problematic, or addictive gaming.Objectives: Knowing the existing scientific production about the problematic use of video games and video games addiction in teenagers.Methodology: Documents found after a bibliographic search in the databases COCHRANE, MEDLINE, LILACS, CINAHL and CUIDEN have been analyzed.Results: It has been defined the predictive factors, the prevalence, the characteristics, the validated questionnaires, the associations with other addictions, the relations with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), and prevention of problematic use and addiction to video games.Conclusions: There are inconsistencies in the results due to the transversal design of most of the studies, such as small samples, the absence of clinical or randomized samples, data extraction with self-reporting questionnaires conducted in schools, without taking into account adolescents hospitalized into mental health centers or hospitals, the gender bias in research and the lack of standardization of diagnostic criteria. The least studied subject is the treatment and prevention, the most important for nursing profession, so the future main line of research would be in this area.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Self-Concept and Its Association with Problematic Use of Video Games in Spanish College Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Castro-Sánchez ◽  
Mercedes Rojas-Jiménez ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Social

Background: At present, new technologies provide numerous benefits in their correct use, while the need arises to study the consumption of some technologies, in this case, videogames, due to the negative consequences that they can cause in those subjects who have not yet consolidated their personality due to their excessive use. The study aimed to determine and establish associations between the dimensions of self-concept and the problematic use of videogames and their gender differences. Methods: A total of 525 university students participated in this study, representing 44.7% of the male gender and 55.3% of the female gender, with an average age of M = 20.80 SD = 3.12 years old. The instruments used were the CESR and AF-5 questionnaires. Results: The results reveal the association (p ≤ 0.05) between the problematic use of videogames and the dimensions of self-concept, showing that students with severe or potential problems have lower levels of self-concept. In addition, it has been found that men have more problems associated with the use of video games than women. Men have a greater physical and emotional self-concept, while women have better social self-concept. Conclusions: This study highlights the inverse association between self-concept and problematic use of video games, a fact that shows the need to develop intervention programs aimed at improving self-concept and to reduce the problematic use of video games. Likewise, the levels of self-concept reveal that men have higher scores in the emotional and physical dimension, while women stand out in the social dimension.

scholarly journals Immunity and mental illness: findings from a Danish population-based immunogenetic study of seven psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1445-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Nudel ◽  
Michael E. Benros ◽  
Morten Dybdahl Krebs ◽  
Rosa Lundbye Allesøe ◽  
Camilla Koldbæk Lemvigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Hla Association ◽  
Hla Genes

AbstractHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes encode proteins with important roles in the regulation of the immune system. Many studies have also implicated HLA genes in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, these studies usually focus on one disorder and/or on one HLA candidate gene, often with small samples. Here, we access a large dataset of 65,534 genotyped individuals consisting of controls (N = 19,645) and cases having one or more of autism spectrum disorder (N = 12,331), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (N = 14,397), schizophrenia (N = 2401), bipolar disorder (N = 1391), depression (N = 18,511), anorexia (N = 2551) or intellectual disability (N = 3175). We imputed participants’ HLA alleles to investigate the involvement of HLA genes in these disorders using regression models. We found a pronounced protective effect of DPB1*1501 on susceptibility to autism (p = 0.0094, OR = 0.72) and intellectual disability (p = 0.00099, OR = 0.41), with an increased protective effect on a comorbid diagnosis of both disorders (p = 0.003, OR = 0.29). We also identified a risk allele for intellectual disability, B*5701 (p = 0.00016, OR = 1.33). Associations with both alleles survived FDR correction and a permutation procedure. We did not find significant evidence for replication of previously-reported associations for autism or schizophrenia. Our results support an implication of HLA genes in autism and intellectual disability, which requires replication by other studies. Our study also highlights the importance of large sample sizes in HLA association studies.

An inclusive design approach for developing video games for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Malinverni ◽  
Joan Mora-Guiard ◽  
Vanesa Padillo ◽  
Lilia Valero ◽  
Amaia Hervás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Inclusive Design

Primary Angiosarcoma of the Bladder

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Seethala ◽  
Jose A. Gomez ◽  
Funda Vakar-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Data Extraction ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Primary Angiosarcoma ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Primary Bladder ◽  
Microscopic Pathology

Abstract Context.—Primary bladder angiosarcomas are extremely rare, and their clinical and pathologic features are not well described. Objective.—To further refine the clinical features of primary bladder angiosarcomas and define their pathologic spectra. Data Sources.—Relevant sources were identified using MEDLINE and a subsequent bibliographic search of all pertinent reports and reviews. We also searched the M. D. Anderson pathology archives. Study Selection.—After excluding 4 cases that likely secondarily involved the bladder, we identified 9 true primary bladder angiosarcomas. Data Extraction.—Data were extracted on the following: demographics, clinical presentation, predisposing factors, gross pathology, microscopic pathology, immunophenotype, therapy, and outcomes. Data Synthesis.—Primary bladder angiosarcomas were found at a mean age of 64.2 years, with a male-female ratio of 8:1. Two cases arose in a postirradiation setting. Primary bladder angiosarcomas typically presented with hematuria and were grossly hemorrhagic, raised masses (mean size, 6.7 cm) of the trigone and/or dome. Histologically, most showed classic anastomosing channels lined by plump hyperchromatic cells, though many showed variant histology such as solid growth and epithelioid cytology. Three (43%) of 7 patients died within a year, but only 1 patient died with evidence of disease. The remaining patients were alive at the time of publication of their respective cases (mean, 22 months). Conclusions.—Primary angiosarcomas of the bladder are typically rare tumors of middle-aged and elderly men that present with locally advanced disease and show a wide histologic spectrum. However, their prognosis may be better than previously thought.

Problematic Internet use two decades later: apps to wean us off apps

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 371-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Aboujaoude
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Use Of Internet

Two decades of research into problematic Internet use have not yielded an established definition, much less an accepted treatment algorithm that is based on the psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions that have been tested. Meanwhile, technology-mediated tools that purport to curb unnecessary use of Internet-related technologies and the associated negative consequences are gaining in popularity, despite the lack of rigorous clinical trials into their efficacy and safety. Some popular new offerings that vary in browser, operating system and platform compatibility are reviewed. While they share similar goals as “traditional” treatments, they may be more efficient, scalable, and affordable. Using technology against itself may be counter-intuitive, but the popularity of these tools and their potential advantages make them worthy of researchers’ attention. Telepsychiatry platforms, which are gaining a foothold in the treatment of established disorders, may, paradoxically, also prove beneficial for the management of problematic use of Internet-related technologies.

scholarly journals A comunicação sobre HIV nas práticas de saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)- Brasil = The communication about HIV in health practices in the Unified Health System (SUS)-Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Patrícia Estrella Liporace Barcelos ◽  
Adriana Cavalcanti de Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Biomedical Knowledge ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Resumo: Introdução: Dimensões comunicacionais permeiam as práticas dos profissionais de saúde. Desde a criação do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde), em 1988, no Brasil, são enfatizados princípios como a humanização do cuidado e a valorização dos aspectos relacionais, sociais e culturais na comunicação com usuários e entre profissionais. Com relação à Aids, políticas de saúde buscaram informar e mudar comportamentos, enfatizando o diagnóstico precoce, o tratamento adequado e a prevenção. Apesar da epidemia do HIV ter estimulado muitas inovações na educação e comunicação em saúde, ainda se verificam ações predominantemente prescritivas, baseadas no saber biomédico, responsabilizando indivíduos por seus problemas de saúde. Objetivos: O presente trabalho investigou como a comunicação envolvendo o HIV atualmente é abordada nos cenários de práticas do SUS. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma análise temática de conteúdo em busca bibliográfica na literatura brasileira especializada publicada de 2000 a 2018 na SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Resultados: Obtivemos 15 artigos que mostram a comunicação utilizada como instrumento de fomento à adesão, prevenção, detecção e tratamento do HIV, mas também como competência para lidar com dilemas éticos e morais. Conclusão: Embora ainda seja restrita, a produção acadêmica em comunicação sobre HIV nos serviços aponta mudanças em direção às necessidades do usuário.Palavras-chave: comunicação; serviços de saúde; Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS); HIV; Aids.Abstract: Introduction: Communication dimensions permeate the practices of health professionals. Since the creation of the Brazilian Health Care System (SUS), in 1988 in Brazil, principles such as humanization of care and appreciation of relational, social and cultural aspects of communication between users and professionals and in professional teams have been emphasized. In relation to AIDS, health policies have sought to inform and change behaviors, emphasizing early diagnosis, appropriate treatment and prevention. Although the HIV epidemic has stimulated the development of technologies in health education and communication, there still predominate prescriptive actions aimed at biomedical knowledge and blaming individuals for their health problems. Objectives: This study investigated how communication regarding HIV has been addressed in SUS practices. Methodology: A thematic analysis of bibliographic search content was carried out in specialized Brazilian literature published from 2000 to 2018 in SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Results: The 15 articles obtained display communication as a tool to promote adherence, prevention, detection and treatment of HIV, but also point to its importance in dealing with ethical and moral dilemmas. Conclusion: Although it is still restricted, the academic production of HIV communication in services indicates a trend towards addressing the needs of the users.Keywords: communication; health services; Unified Health System (SUS); HIV; Aids.

scholarly journals Barriers to the early detection and intervention of children with autism spectrum disorders: A literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Fatema Ali Bivarchi ◽  
Vahe Kehyayan ◽  
Sadriya Mohd Al-Kohji
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Early Intervention Services

Background and objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental disability that affects how individuals communicate and interact with others. A reliable diagnosis of ASD can be made within the first 24 months of a child’s life, but ASD is usually diagnosed late. Late diagnosis contributes to missed opportunities to provide early intervention services and improve long-term outcomes. The purpose of this project was to identify barriers to early detection and intervention of ASD faced by parents, other caregivers, and health care professionals.Methods: A literature review was conducted. CINAHL, Medline, and PsychINFO databases were used to search for relevant articles. Ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and data from these articles were summarized in a data extraction table and themes were identified.Results: Five main barriers that prevent early diagnosis and intervention of children with ASD were identified. These barriers were lack of knowledge, social stigma, dismissal of parents’ first concerns by healthcare providers, barriers to ASD screening, and access to ASD services.Conclusions: The results of this literature review will inform the development of an educational guide for parents and other caregivers to promote their knowledge and awareness about ASD in children.

Reducing Outgroup Bias through Intergroup Contact with Non-Playable Video Game Characters in VR

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priska Breves
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Black People ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Explicit Bias ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact

Video games are one of the most popular media forms in today's society, but are often criticized for various reasons. For instance, mainstream video games do not incorporate enough racially diverse game characters or are often connected to adolescents’ levels of aggression and have thus been the focus of many debates. While the negative consequences of video games have been analyzed by many academic studies, research on the prosocial effects of video games is scarce. To address this research gap and support the ongoing call for more diverse video game characters, this study used a 3 × 1 between-subjects design ( N = 86) to test the impact of racially diverse non-playable characters (NPCs). The parasocial contact hypothesis was used as the theoretical foundation, incorporating virtual reality technology as an intensifier of effects. The results showed that helping a Black NPC did not reduce implicit bias, but reduced explicit bias towards Black people. This improvement was stronger when the video game was played using virtual reality technology than when using a traditional two-dimensional gaming device.

Social Skills Development for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders through the Use of Interactive Storytelling Games

2016 ◽  
pp. 1631-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukun Jin ◽  
Boaventura DaCosta ◽  
Soohnwa Seok
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Interactive Storytelling ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Positive Feelings

Storytelling is an intricate part of the human psyche and hence, human history. From childhood, stories play an important role in human development, in that, for instance, humans automatically construct a storyline so that they can associate information. There is research to suggest that storytelling in video games can be beneficial because it can be used to help players identify with characters and their goals, creating a greater sense of immersion, positive feelings, and more physiological arousal. Furthermore, when the content is specific and targeted, these games are well suited for promoting acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of skills and knowledge. Findings such as these hold immense promise in the context of improving social skills for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Thus, the use of computers and video games, combined with more traditional storytelling, may serve as hopeful tools for motivating and engaging students as well as promoting learning. This chapter expounds upon this line of reasoning and explores the use of interactive storytelling games as an effective intervention in social skills development for children with ASD.

scholarly journals Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Celia Kwan ◽  
Mojgan Gitimoghaddam ◽  
Jean-Paul Collet
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Long Term Impact

Loneliness and social isolation have negative consequences on physical and mental health in both adult and pediatric populations. Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) are often excluded and experience more loneliness than their typically developing peers. This scoping review aims to identify the type of studies conducted in children with NDD to determine the effects of loneliness and/or social isolation. Three electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO) were searched from inception until 5 February 2019. Two independent reviewers screened the citations for inclusion and extracted data from the included articles. Quantitative (i.e., frequency analysis) and qualitative analyses (i.e., content analysis) were completed. From our search, 5768 citations were screened, 29 were read in full, and 12 were included. Ten were case-control comparisons with cross-sectional assessment of various outcomes, which limited inference. Autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disorder were the most commonly studied NDD. This review showed that loneliness among children with NDD was associated with negative consequences on mental health, behaviour, and psychosocial/emotional development, with a likely long-term impact in adulthood. Lack of research in this area suggests that loneliness is not yet considered a problem in children with NDD. More studies are warranted using prospective designs and a larger sample size with a focus on the dynamic aspect of loneliness development.

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