scholarly journals Necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Herrera Herrera ◽  
Yolima Judith Llorente Pérez ◽  
Sadith José Suarez Mendoza ◽  
Edinson Oyola López
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Data Card ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Level Institution

Objetivo: Determinar las necesidades en familiares de pacientes críticos de una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia.Metodología: Investigación descriptiva, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo. Para la recolección de la información se aplicó el Cuestionario de Necesidades de los Familiares de Pacientes de Cuidados Intensivos y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos.Resultados: Las necesidades que se determinaron fueron la información sincera respecto al estado y progreso del paciente y recibir explicación del equipamiento que está utilizándose. La dimensión que presentó mayores necesidades fue la de comunicación.Conclusiones: El familiar de una persona ingresada en un servicio de cuidado intensivo debe ser tomado en cuenta en el proceso de atención. Objective: To determine the needs in relatives of critically ill patients of an IV level institution in Montería, Colombia.Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach. For the collection of information, the Questionnaire of Needs of the Relatives of Intensive Care Patients and a sociodemographic data card were applied.Results: The needs that were determined were honest information regarding the state and progress of the patient and receive an explanation of the equipment being used. The dimension that presented the greatest needs was that of communication.Conclusions: The family of a person admitted to an intensive care service should be taken into account in the care process.

scholarly journals Depresión en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-253
Author(s):  
Yolima Judith Llorente ◽  
Beatriz Adriana Macea Tejada ◽  
Jorge Luis Herrera Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Data Card ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Level Institution ◽  
The City ◽  
Specialized Institution

Objective: To determine the level of depression in patients diagnosed with cancer in an IV level institution in Monteria, Colombia.Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach. The Zung scale instrument for depression and a sociodemographic data card were applied in patients diagnosed with cancer, attending a specialized institution of IV level of complexity in the city of Monteria.Results: The most common cancers were: breast cancer 22.2%; and colon and uterus equal representation 18.2%. Regarding depression, 49.5% were slightly depressed; moderately depressed 15.7%; severely depressed 1% and normal range 33.8%. Cases of depression in their different categories according to the Zung scale were found in patients with colon and breast cancer.Conclusions: It was found that in total 65.2% of the patients had some degree of depression. Depression in patients with cancer is a common phenomenon in people with this condition and incidence is similar in men and women, in turn this depends on factors such as the type and severity of cancer, age and access to support networks both for the person and the family. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de depresión en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer en una institución de IV nivel en Montería, Colombia.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó el instrumento escala de Zung para depresión y una cédula de datos sociodemográficos en pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer, asistentes a una Institución especializada de IV nivel de complejidad de la ciudad de Montería. Resultados: Los tipos de cáncer más comunes fueron: el de mama 22,2%; y colon y útero igual representación 18,2%. En cuanto a la depresión se encontró ligeramente deprimido 49,5%; moderadamente deprimido 15,7%; severamente deprimido 1% y rango normal 33,8%. Los casos de depresión en sus diferentes categorías según la escala de Zung fueron encontrados en pacientes con cáncer de colon y mama.Conclusiones: Se encontró que en total 65,2% de los pacientes presentaban algún grado de depresión. La depresión en pacientes con cáncer es un fenómeno común en las personas con este padecimiento e incidencia es similar en hombres y mujeres, a su vez esta depende de factores tales como el tipo y severidad del cáncer, la edad y el acceso a redes de apoyo tanto para la persona como a la familia.

HUBUNGAN LAMA HARI RAWAT DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KELUARGA PASIEN DI RUANG INTENSIVE CARDIAC CARE UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nifa Viranda Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Cardiac Care Unit

Selama pasien dirawat di ruang Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU), keluarga pasien mengalami kesulitan dan ketidakberdayaan. Bagi keluarga pasien, ruang rawat intensif merupakan tempat yang tidak menyenangkan.  Keluarga masuk dalam kondisi yang tidak terduga dan dibutuhkan ketepatan keluarga dalam mengambil keputusan guna keberlangsungan hidup terkait kondisi pasien yang membutuhkan penanganan.Lama perawatan pasien di ruang ICCU sangat beragam.  Lama rawat pasien ICCU berdampak langsung terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dan keluarga, risiko terjadinya di masa depan, dan besarnya pembiayaan dampak dari perawatan. Selama keluarga mendampingi perawatan pasien di ruang ICCU, keluarga akan mengalami berbagai reaksi emosional seperti kecemasan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan lama hari rawat dengan tingkat kecemasan keluarga pasien di ruang ICCU. Metode: Korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel 42 responden di ruang ICCU, yang dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner HARS.  Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil: Lama hari rawat pasien rata-rata 3,14 hari.  Kecemasan keluarga pasien ICCU paling banyak berada pada tingkat kecemasan berat (33,3%). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara lama hari rawat dengan tingkat kecemasan keluarga pasien (p=0,0003) dengan keeratan hubungan yang sedang (r=0,532) di ruang ICCU. Diskusi: Semakin lama pasien dirawat di ruang ICCU maka semakin tinggi tingkat kecemasan yang dirasakan keluarga pasien karena kondisi pasien yang tidak stabil ataupun semakin parah. Kesimpulan: Keluarga pasien perlu diberikan informasi dan edukasi yang jelas terkait kondisi pasien dalam sehari atau saat ada perburukan kondisi.Kata kunci: kecemasan, keluarga, lama hari rawat, perawatan intensif, perawatan kritis. Correlation Between Length of Stay and Anxiety Levels of Patients’ Family in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit Room ABSTRACTWhile a patient is being treated in the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU), the patient's family experiences difficulties and helplessness. For the patient's family, the intensive care unit is an unpleasant place. The family enters into unexpected conditions and is required to make proper decisions for survival related to patient conditions. The patient's length of stay in the ICCU room is very diverse. The length of stay of ICCU patients directly impacts patients' quality of life and their families, the risk of future incidence, and the extent of the treatment cost. While the family accompanies the patient treated in the ICCU room, the family will experience various emotional reactions such as anxiety. Objective: To reveal the correlation between length of stay and the anxiety levels of the patient’s family in the ICCU room. Methods: Correlation with cross-sectional approach with a sample of 42 respondents in the ICCU room, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The research instrument used the HARS questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The average length of the patient's stay was 3.14 days. Family anxiety of ICCU patients was mostly at the level of severe anxiety (33.3%). There was a significant correlation between length of stay and anxiety levels of the patient’s family (p=0.0003) with a moderate correlation coefficient (r=0.532) in the ICCU room. Discussion: The longer the patient is treated in the ICCU room, the higher the anxiety level felt by the patient’s family due to the patient's unstable or worsened condition. Conclusion: Clear information and education should be given to the patient's family regarding the patient's condition within one day or when the condition worsens.Keywords: anxiety, family, length of stay, intensive care, critical care

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION OF NURSES WITH COMMUNICATION BARRIERS TO FAMILIES OF PRE-SURGERY PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE ROOM AT THE ACEH GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Wirda Hayati ◽  
Suwarni Suwarni ◽  
Nova Riska Jasna ◽  
Meutia Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communication Barriers ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Care Process ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: The nurse's verbal and non-verbal communication greatly affects the readiness of the patient and the patient's family to undergo surgery. Unclear communication causes misperceptions and the emergence of communication barriers in the nurse-client interaction process. The limited time and information provided are the causes of communication barriers in the client care process. This of course greatly affects patient care, especially in conditions that require intensive care. Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between verbal and non-verbal communication between nurses and perceptions of communication barriers in families of pre-surgery patients in the intensive care unit, with a correlation design using a Cross Sectional study approach. The number of samples was 95 families of preoperative patients in the intensive care unit using purposive sampling technique. Results: 51.6% of nurses' verbal communication was good, and 50.5% of nurses' nonverbal communication was good, and there were no communication barriers between nurses and patients' families (54.7%). There was a significant relationship between nurses' verbal communication with perceptions of family communication barriers in pre-surgery patients in the intensive room (P=0.001) and there was a correlation between nurses' nonverbal communication with perceptions of family communication barriers in pre- surgery patients in the intensive room (P=0.002). Recommendation: Nurses are expected to continue to communicate effectively verbal and non-verbal with patients and families to prevent barriers in communication

scholarly journals Use of a Low-Molecular-Weight Heparinoid (Danaparoid Sodium) for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Intensive Care Patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelgard Lindhoff-Last ◽  
Christoph Betz ◽  
Rupen Bauersachs
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Intensive Care Patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of danaparoid in the treatment of critically ill patients with acute renal failure and suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) needing renal replacement therapy (RRT). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 13 consecutive intensive care patients with acute renal failure and suspected HIT who were treated with danaparoid for at least 3 days during RRT. In eight patients, continuous venovenous hemofiltration was performed. The mean infusion rate of danaparoid was 140 ± 86 U/hour. Filter exchange was necessary every 37.5 hours. In five patients, continuous venovenous hemodialysis was used. A bolus injection of 750 U danaparoid was followed by a mean infusion rate of 138 ± 122 U/hour. Filters were exchanged every 24 hours. In 7 of 13 patients, even a low mean infusion rate of 88 ± 35 U/hour was efficient. Mean anti-Xa (aXa) levels were approximately 0.4 ± 0.2 aXa U/mL. Persistent thrombocytopenia despite discontinuation of heparin treatment was observed in 9 of 13 patients, owing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). HIT was confirmed by an increase in platelet count and positive heparin-induced antibodies in 2 of 13 patients. No thromboembolic complications occurred, but major bleeding was observed in 6 of 13 patients, which could be explained by consumption of coagulation factors and platelets due to DIC in 5 of 6 patients. Nine of 13 patients died of multiorgan failure or sepsis, or both. In none of these patients was the fatal outcome related to danaparoid treatment. In critically ill patients with renal impairment and suspected HIT, a bralus injection of 750 U danaparoid followed by a mean infusion rate of 50 to 150 U/hour appears to be a safe and efficient treatment option when alternative anticoagutation is necessary.

Patients’ and Families’ Satisfaction with Visiting Policies in Cardiac Intensive Care Units

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Khaleghparast ◽  
Soodabeh Joolaee ◽  
Majid Maleki ◽  
Hamid Peyrovi ◽  
Behrooz Ghanbari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Cardiac Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Families play a vital role in the recovery of patients admitted to Intensive Care Units. They can help patients to adapt themselves to the crisis and feel more satisfied.</p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>In this study, we examined the patients’ and families’ satisfaction with the current visiting policies in Cardiac Intensive Care Units in the largest Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center of Iran.</p><p><strong>METHOD:</strong> This research used<strong> </strong>a cross-sectional design with a simple random sampling. To do so, 303 patients admitted to those Cardiac Intensive Care Units and their families responded to a two-part questionnaire between September 2014 and March 2015. The inclusion criteria for patients were aged between 18 and 85, acceptable general status to respond to the questions of the questionnaire, and having one of the cardiac diseases symptoms. Intention to attend was the only inclusion criterion for the family members.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results showed that 167(55.1%) of the participants were dissatisfied with the limited visiting policies of the Cardiac Intensive Care Units, while the satisfaction rate was 43(14.2%). The remaining participants (30.7%) were slightly satisfied with the visiting policies in Cardiac Intensive Care Units.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Patient-centered care is an expectation among patients and their families in the Cardiac Intensive Care Units. It seems that a change in visiting policies is necessary.</p>

Family involvement in the end-of-life decisions of competent intensive care patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranveig Lind ◽  
Per Nortvedt ◽  
Geir Lorem ◽  
Olav Hevrøy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
The Family ◽  
End Of Life Decision

In this article, we report the findings from a qualitative study that explored how relatives of terminally ill, alert and competent intensive care patients perceived their involvement in the end-of-life decision-making process. Eleven family members of six deceased patients were interviewed. Our findings reveal that relatives narrate about a strong intertwinement with the patient. They experienced the patients’ personal individuality as a fragile achievement. Therefore, they viewed their presence as crucial with their primary role to support and protect the patient, thereby safeguarding his values and interests. However, their inclusion in decision making varied from active participation in the decision-making process to acceptance of the physicians’ decision or just receiving information. We conclude that models of informed shared decision making should be utilised and optimised in intensive care, where nurses and physicians work with both the patient and his or her family and regard the family as partners in the process.

Detection of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Patients After Discharge From Intensive Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Warlan ◽  
Lois Howland ◽  
Cynthia Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Stress Syndrome

Background Despite emphasis on identifying personal and clinical characteristics that place patients at higher risk for posttraumatic stress syndrome after intensive care, the extent of screening for the syndrome in intensive care patients is unknown. Objectives To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a screening tool to detect posttraumatic stress syndrome, screen for the syndrome soon after discharge from intensive care to identify patients at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder, and determine personal and clinical factors related to higher scores on the screening instrument. Methods A single-center, cross-sectional design was used. At 2 to 4 weeks after hospital discharge, 41 patients treated in an intensive care unit completed the screening instrument and the Screening Experience Questionnaire via telephone. Associations between participants’ characteristics and scores were examined, and screening experiences were described. Results Participants reported that the screening instrument was easy to understand, caused little distress, and could be completed in an acceptable time frame. Participants reported that they had not been screened via a formal process or received education during or after their stay in the unit. Among the participants, 44% preferred screening in the outpatient setting. Higher scores on the screening tool were associated with history of depression, moderate levels of sedation, and intensive care unit delirium. Conclusions The majority of intensive care patients most likely are not being screened for posttraumatic stress syndrome despite a higher risk for the syndrome in these patients than in the general population.

scholarly journals Pengkajian Nyeri pada Pasien Kritis dengan Menggunakan Critical Pain Observation Tool(CPOT) di Intensive Care Unit(ICU)

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Prawesti Priambodo ◽  
Kusman Ibrahim ◽  
Nursiswati N
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling

Penggunaan alat ukur pengkajian nyeri yang sistematik dan terstandar pada pasien kritis yang tidak mampu untuk melaporkan rasa nyeri adalah suatu hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Behavioural pain scales(BPS) adalah alat ukur yang lebih dini dan banyak digunakan di area keperawatan kritis. Critical pain observation tools(CPOT) adalah alat yang dikembangkan menggunakan unsur-unsur rasa nyeri yang ada pada beberapa alat ukur pengkajian nyeri, termasuk BPS, namun CPOT belum banyak dikenal dan digunakan. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat kesesuaian alat ukur CPOT dengan alat ukur BPS. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan rancangan Crosssectional dengan sampel pasien GICU (General Intensive Care Unit) dengan penurunan kesadaran dan menggunakan ventilasi mekanik sebanyak 48 pasien. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling. Pengkajian dilakukan dengan observasi skala nyeri menggunakan BPS dan CPOT pada saat pasien kondisi istirahat dan positioninguntuk melihat keandalan alat ukur nyeri. Hasil uji beda dan korelasi pada hasil pengukuran nyeri pada BPS dan CPOT adalah bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa BPS dan CPOT dapat mengukur perbedaan intensitas nyeri saat istirahat dengan saat positioning. Hasil uji kesesuaian (kappa) pengukuran BPS dengan CPOT memiliki nilai kesesuaian yang bermakna, dengan nilai kesesuaian (kappa) BPS-CPOT pada kondisi istirahat sebesar 0,937, sedangkan nilai kesesuaian (Kappa)BPS-CPOT pada kondisi positioning sebesar 0,265. BPS dan CPOT adalah alat penilaian nyeri yang dapat digunakan dalam menilai rasa sakit dan meningkatkan manajemen nyeri pada pasien kritis. CPOT lebih mudah digunakan dan aplikatif karena memiliki definisi operasional yang jelas. Kata kunci : Behavioural pain scale, Critical pain observation tool, pasien kritis.Pain Assessment among Critically Ill Patients using the Critical Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) in the Intensive Care Unit AbstractA systematic and standardised tool to assess pain experienced by critically ill patients has been previously highlighted. The BPS is the common tool used in the intensive care setting which can be used. But, the Critical Pain Observation Tool (COPT) has not been used extensively in the hospital. Thus, the efficacy of this tool needs to be examined. This descriptive observational study aimed to find an agreement of CPOT with BPS using a cross-sectional method recruited 48 participants with consecutive sampling technique. Pain assessment was performed during a resting and positioning period to check the agreement of the tools. Data was analysed using Cohen’s Kappa index analysis. Findings demonstrated a significance difference of pain intensity measured by BPS and CPOT during the period of resting (κ = 0.937) and positioning (κ = 0.265). Thus, BPS and CPOT are reliable scales to measure pain intensity. It is expected that those tools can help nurses to improve pain management for critically ill patients. However, CPOT is considered more applicable and user-friendly compared to the BPS.Keywords: Behavioral Pain Scale, Critical Pain Observation Tool, critical nursing care

scholarly journals Significant Others, Knowledge, and Belief on Smoking as Factors Associated with Tobacco Use in Italian Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Cosci ◽  
Vincenzo Zagà ◽  
Giuly Bertoli ◽  
Aquilele Campiotti
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Sociodemographic Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Italian Adolescents

Tobacco use is dramatically increasing among youth. Growing attention has been addressed towards possible predictors of smoking in such a population. We evaluated a sample of Italian adolescents to verify whether adults and peers might influence their smoking status. Cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 schools of North Italy. Data were collected from 2001 to 2010 by means of a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic data and individual/social possible predictors of smoking. 2,444 students (56.7% boys; 43.3% girls; mean = 14.32 ± 1.384 years) were analysed. 607 (24.8%) were current smokers; 1,837 (75.2%) were nonsmokers. The presence of smokers in the family, seeing teachers who smoke, the influence of friends, and the feeling of inferiority were predictors of youth smoking as well as unawareness of nicotine dangerous action to health. Running the logistic multivariate analysis with all the variables listed above in the same model, the strongest predictors of smoking were as follows: being unaware that pipe/cigar is harmful to health as cigarettes; not knowing that passive smoking is harmful to the growth of children; having seen teachers smoking. The present findings help to identify the variables that might favour smoking in youth. Such variables should become the target of prevention programs.

scholarly journals Pain management in intensive care unit patients after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Baiba Vilīte ◽  
Eva Strīķe ◽  
Katrīna Rutka ◽  
Roberts Leibuss
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Vas Score

Background. Postoperative pain is a common problem among intensive care patients. Pain management includes pain assessment and documentation, patient care, and pharmacological treatment. Materials and methods. The study used a prospective, cross-sectional design. Nineteen intensive care nurses and 72 intensive care patients after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach were studied. Toronto Pain Management Inventory was used to assess nurses and the 2010 Revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire was used to assess the patients. A research protocol was used to document pharmacological treatment data and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain measurements. The pharmacological therapy data was available for 72 patients, but patient satisfaction measurements were acquired from 52 patients. Results. Postoperative pain for intensive care patients after cardiac surgery is mostly mild (68.66%). Pain intensity had a tendency to decrease over time, from a mean VAS score of 4.66 two hours after extubation to a mean VAS score of 3.12 twelve hours after extubation. Mostly opioids (100%) and nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, 77.8%) were used for pharmacological treatment, and treatment was adjusted according to pain levels and patient needs. Patient satisfaction regarding pain management in the first 24 hours after surgery was high (94.2%), even though the nurses’ pain knowledge was average (X = 60.6 ± 7.3%). Conclusions. An individualized pain management plan requires pain documentation and ensures high patient satisfaction. Pain levels after cardiac surgery with sternotomy approach are mostly mild and patient satisfaction is high.

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