scholarly journals Menthol Cigarettes and Smoking Cessation among Adult Smokers in the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Liane M. Schneller ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Martin C. Mahoney ◽  
Susan E. McCann ◽  
Richard J. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mentholated Cigarette ◽  
Smoking Index

Objectives: In this study, we identified differences in cessation, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts between smokers using non-menthol cigarettes and smokers using menthol cigarettes differing in menthol delivery method (eg, menthol in the tobacco only, crushable capsules only or both). Methods: We analyzed data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, Waves 1 and 2 (W1 and W2), to determine associations of delivery method of menthol with cessation, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts among current adult cigarette smokers. Results: Nearly 40% of US smokers reported using a mentholated cigarette product with most using a product mentholated in the tobacco only. Smokers included in this analysis had a moderate to low heaviness of smoking index score. The lowest average score was among those using products mentholated in a filter capsule only (1.3, SE = .10), and the highest among those using non-mentholated products (2.4, SE = .03). About 12% of smokers quit between W1 and W2. Cessation, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts at W2 were not associated with delivery method of menthol at W1. Conclusions: Method of menthol delivery did not impact cessation, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts.

Comparison of the Heavy Smoking Index and of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in a sample of 749 cigarette smokers

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Chabrol ◽  
Michel Niezborala ◽  
Evelyne Chastan ◽  
Jose de Leon
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Smoking Index

scholarly journals Changes in Cigarettes per Day and Biomarkers of Exposure Among US Adult Smokers in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1 and 2 (2013–2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1780-1787
Author(s):  
Brian L Rostron ◽  
Catherine G Corey ◽  
Joanne T Chang ◽  
Dana M van Bemmel ◽  
Mollie E Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Biomarker Of Exposure ◽  
Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽  
The Us

Abstract Introduction Some studies have found some reduction in tobacco exposure and tobacco-related disease risk with decreased numbers of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), but biomarker of exposure estimates by change in CPD are generally unavailable for the US population. Methods We analyzed biomarker of exposure data by smoking status from over 1100 adult exclusive daily cigarette smokers in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study who were either exclusive daily smokers or had quit tobacco use entirely at Wave 2. Wave 1 smoking categories consisted of “very light” (1–4 CPD), “light” (5–9 CPD), “moderate” (10–19 CPD), and “heavy” (20+ CPD), and Wave 2 categories were “quitters” (stopped smoking entirely), exclusive cigarette “reducers” (CPD decreased ≥ 50%), “maintainers” (CPD within 50%–150% of Wave 1 value), and “increasers” (CPD increased ≥ 50%). Results Complete quitters had significantly lower levels of TNE-2, NNAL, NNN, 2-Fluorene, HPMA, CYMA, and MHB3 at Wave 2 for all Wave 1 CPD categories, and decreases were often large. Moderate “reducers” had lower levels of NNAL and 1-Hydroxypyrene at Wave 2, and heavy “reducers” had lower levels of NNAL, 2-Fluorene, and MHB3. Light “increasers” had higher levels of TNE-2, NNAL, 2-Fluorene, CYMA, and cadmium at Wave 2, and heavy “increasers” had higher levels of NNAL and HPMA. Conclusions Smoking “reducers” and “increasers” had changes in some biomarker of tobacco exposure levels, but reductions were much greater and more consistent for complete quitters. Implications PATH longitudinal cohort study data show that some exclusive daily cigarette smokers increase or decrease CPD over time. These differences may result in moderate changes in the levels of some biomarkers such as NNAL. Even so, however, reductions in biomarker levels are much greater with complete smoking cessation.

scholarly journals Menthol and Mint Cigarettes and Cigars: Initiation and Progression in Youth, Young Adults and Adults in Waves 1–4 of the PATH Study, 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C Villanti ◽  
Amanda L Johnson ◽  
Michael J Halenar ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
K Michael Cummings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Menthol Cigarettes ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Subsequent Wave

Abstract Introduction This study examined in youth (12–17 years), young adults (18–24 years), and adults (25+ years): (1) the prevalence of the first menthol cigarette and menthol/mint cigar use among new tobacco users; (2) association between the first menthol/mint use, subsequent tobacco use, and nicotine dependence ~1 year later compared with the first non-menthol/mint use. Aims and Methods Longitudinal analysis of data from Waves 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2017; 10 086 youth and 21 281 adults). Main outcome measures were past 12-month and past 30-day cigarette and cigar use, and nicotine dependence. Results Youth and young adult new cigarette users are more likely to smoke a menthol cigarette or indicate that they do not know the flavor compared with adults aged 25+. A greater proportion of adults aged 25+ first used menthol/mint-flavored cigars (13.4%) compared with youth (8.5%) and young adults (7.4%). Among young adults, first use of a menthol cigarette is associated with past 12-month use of cigarettes at the subsequent wave and first use of any menthol/mint-flavored cigars is associated with past 30-day use of these products at the subsequent wave in both youth and young adults. In youth and adults, there were no significant relationships between first use of a menthol/mint cigarette or cigar and nicotine dependence scores at a subsequent wave in multivariable analyses. Conclusions The first use of menthol/mint cigarettes and cigars is associated with subsequent cigarette and cigar use in young people aged 12–24. Implications This study examined the relationship between initiation with menthol cigarettes and menthol/mint cigars, subsequent tobacco use, and nicotine dependence in US youth, young adults, and adults who participated in Waves 1–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. New use of menthol cigarettes was associated with greater past 12-month cigarette use in young adults and new use of menthol/mint-flavored cigars was associated with greater past 30-day cigar use in youth and young adults compared with non-menthol use. Initiation with menthol/mint cigarette and cigar products may lead to subsequent use of those products.

scholarly journals Correlates of tobacco product cessation among youth and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s203-s215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A Kasza ◽  
Kathryn C Edwards ◽  
Zhiqun Tang ◽  
Cassandra A Stanton ◽  
Eva Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Usa

ObjectiveTo report on demographic and tobacco use correlates of cessation behaviours across tobacco products (cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco) among the US population.DesignData were drawn from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth (ages 12–17) and adults (ages 18+) . Past 30-day (P30D) tobacco users at Wave 1 (W1) or Wave 2 (W2) were included (n=1374 youth; n=14 389 adults). Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between demographic and tobacco use characteristics at baseline, with cessation behaviours at follow-up (discontinuing use, attempting to quit, quitting), over two 1-year periods (W1–W2, W2–Wave 3).ResultsAmong adult users of each type of tobacco product, frequency of use was negatively associated with discontinuing use. Among adult cigarette smokers, non-Hispanic white smokers, those with lower educational attainment and those with lower household income were less likely to discontinue cigarette use; ENDS use was positively associated with making quit attempts but was not associated with cigarette quitting among attempters; smokeless tobacco use was positively associated with quitting among attempters; tobacco dependence was negatively associated with quitting among attempters. Among youth cigarette smokers, tobacco dependence was negatively associated with making quit attempts.DiscussionDemographic correlates of tobacco cessation behaviours underscore tobacco use disparities in the USA. Use of ENDS and use of smokeless tobacco products are positively associated with some adult cigarette cessation behaviours.

Clarifying the Genetic Influences on Nicotine Dependence and Quantity of Use in Cigarette Smokers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Verhulst ◽  
Shaunna L. Clark ◽  
Jingchun Chen ◽  
Hermine H. Maes ◽  
Xiangning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Cigarette Smokers

scholarly journals Adults’ E-Cigarette Flavor Use and Cigarette Quit Attempts: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A. Kasza ◽  
Kathryn C. Edwards ◽  
Shannon Gravely ◽  
Blair Coleman ◽  
Heather Kimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Study ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Quit Attempts

scholarly journals Psychometric Evaluation of the E-cigarette Dependence Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1556-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E Morean ◽  
Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin ◽  
Steve Sussman ◽  
Jonathan Foulds ◽  
Howard Fishbein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Test Criterion ◽  
Scalar Invariant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Cigarette ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Cigarette Dependence

Abstract Introduction Psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette dependence are lacking. Methods We modified the PROMIS Item Bank v1.0—Smoking: Nicotine Dependence for All Smokers for use with e-cigarettes and evaluated the psychometrics of the 22-, 8-, and 4-item adapted versions, referred to as The E-cigarette dependence scale (EDS). Adults (1009) who reported using e-cigarettes at least weekly completed an anonymous survey in summer 2016 (50.2% male, 77.1% White, mean age 35.81 [10.71], 66.4% daily e-cigarette users, 72.6% current cigarette smokers). Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, examination of mean-level differences, convergent validity, and test-criterion relationships with e-cigarette use outcomes. Results All EDS versions had confirmable, internally consistent latent structures that were scalar invariant by sex, race, e-cigarette use (nondaily/daily), e-liquid nicotine content (no/yes), and current cigarette smoking status (no/yes). Daily e-cigarette users, nicotine e-liquid users, and cigarette smokers reported being more dependent on e-cigarettes than their counterparts. All EDS versions correlated strongly with one another, evidenced convergent validity with the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index and time to first e-cigarette use in the morning, and evidenced test-criterion relationships with vaping frequency, e-liquid nicotine concentration, and e-cigarette quit attempts. Similar results were observed when analyses were conducted within subsamples of exclusive e-cigarette users and duals-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Conclusions Each EDS version evidenced strong psychometric properties for assessing e-cigarette dependence in adults who either use e-cigarette exclusively or who are dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. However, results indicated little benefit of the longer versions over the 4-item EDS, which provides an efficient assessment of e-cigarette dependence. Implications The availability of the novel, psychometrically sound EDS can further research on a wide range of questions related to e-cigarette use and dependence. In addition, the overlap between the EDS and the original PROMIS that was developed for assessing nicotine dependence to cigarettes provides consistency within the field.

scholarly journals Public–Private Partnership and Social Equity: An Empirical Study of the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110312
Author(s):  
Kunqi Zhang ◽  
Qingbin Cui
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
The Us ◽  
Disadvantaged Business Enterprise ◽  
Design Bid Build ◽  
Linear Regressions

Pushback for public–private partnerships (P3s) comes in part from their purported favoritism toward large firms. However, no study has empirically verified this claim. This paper examined the Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE) program to assess whether delivery methods play a role in the participation of minority- and women-owned firms in federally assisted transportation contracts. A sample of 134 contracts from the US Major Transportation Project Database served as the dataset to run linear regressions. Results revealed that P3 associates with higher DBE goals than design–bid–build (DBB). Plausible explanations include P3 being associated with a larger contract size, more public attention, more potential subcontracting opportunities with design included in the package, and intensified agency desire for greater diversity in DBE subcontracts. Moreover, the delivery method has an insignificant effect on DBE attainment. This paper also introduces the DBE envelope, a radar plot capable of graphically assessing DBE program implementation.

scholarly journals Heaviness of Smoking Index, Number of Cigarettes Smoked and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Among Adult Male Malaysians

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Lim ◽  
M. Feisul Idzwan ◽  
M.G. Sumarni ◽  
C.C. Kee ◽  
N.M. Amal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Smoking Index

Who Purchases Tobacco Online? Findings from Waves 1 and 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Jessica L. King ◽  
Julie W. Merten ◽  
Nicole E. Nicksic
Keyword(s):  
Black Youth ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Population Assessment ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Us

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of and factors associated with usually purchasing tobacco online. Methods: We analyzed Waves 1 (2013-14) and 4 (2016-17) of the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health adult (18+) and youth (12-17) studies: 15,450 adults and 495 youth in 2013-14 and 15,037 adults and 465 youth in 2016-17. Z-tests compared the prevalence of usually purchasing tobacco online between waves and weighted multivariable regressions identified associations between purchasing online and sociodemographics. Results: The prevalence of usually purchasing tobacco online increased from 2.5% to 3.3% among adults (p < .05) and from 2.5% to 4.4% among youth (p < .05), generalizing to a US population of 2,000,000 adults and 35,000 youth. E-cigarettes and cigars and e-cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco were the most common products among adults and youth, respectively. Men, adults with greater education, adults with higher income, and non-Hispanic black youth had greater odds of purchasing tobacco online (p < .05). Conclusions: Usually purchasing tobacco online remains low, although ever purchasing was not assessed. Efforts should be made to expand Internet tobacco purchasing surveillance and extend and enforce restrictions broadly across tobacco products to reduce youth access.

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