scholarly journals Estimating the Stock Amount of Chemical Substance in Factories and Business Establishments Prepared for Disasters and Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (0) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Satoshi NAKAMURA ◽  
Yusuke TAWA ◽  
Kazushi NORO ◽  
Yoshinori YABUKI
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Substance

Studies on Thalidomide as a Cause of Congenital Malformations

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Many Sources

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.

The Weathering of Mafic Rocks by Lichens

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Adamo ◽  
A. Marchetiello ◽  
P. Violante
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Parmelia Conspersa

AbstractThe weathering phenomena resulting from the growth of six foliose and crustose lichens (Parmelia subrudecta, Xanthoria ectaneoides, Parmelia conspersa, Aspicilia radiosa, Caloplaca sp. and Ochrolechia parella) on three mafic rocks have been studied. The bioweathering results in more or less extensive fragmentation and corrosion of the mineral surfaces immediately beneath the lichen thalli and in the formation, in the thallus or at the rock-lichen interface, of secondary products. The significant amounts of whewellite found in all interfaces, and the bipiramids of weddellite detected at the serpentine rock-Ochrolechia parella interface, suggest that the oxalic acid secreted by the mycobiont is the chemical substance principally involved. The capacity of the lichens to alter their rock substrata does not appear to be related to their thallus morphology.

Simulations of Synaptic Transmission Using Lattice Boltzmann Methods

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrak Mahmoudi ◽  
Piroz Zamankhan ◽  
William Polashenski
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Methods ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The nervous system remains one of the least understood biological structures due in large part to the enormous complexity of this organ. A theoretical model for the transfer of nerve impulses would be valuable for the analysis of various phenomena in the nervous system, which are difficult to study by experiments. The central nervous system is composed of more than 100 billion neurons, through which information is transmitted via nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are not immediately apparent since each impulse may be blocked during transmission, changed from a single impulse into repetitive impulse, or integrated with impulses from other neurons to form highly intricate patterns. In the human central nervous system, a neuron secretes a chemical substance called a neurotransmitter at the synapse, and this transmitter in turn acts on another neuron to cause excitation, inhibition, or some other modification of its sensitivity.

scholarly journals Chemical Species, Micromorphology, and XRD Fingerprint Analysis of Tibetan MedicineZuotaiContaining Mercury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cen Li ◽  
Hongxia Yang ◽  
Yuzhi Du ◽  
Yuancan Xiao ◽  
Zhandui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
X Ray

Zuotai(gTso thal) is one of the famous drugs containing mercury in Tibetan medicine. However, little is known about the chemical substance basis of its pharmacodynamics and the intrinsic link of different samples sources so far. Given this, energy dispersive spectrometry of X-ray (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assay the elements, micromorphology, and phase composition of nineZuotaisamples from different regions, respectively; the XRD fingerprint features ofZuotaiwere analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. EDX result shows thatZuotaicontains Hg, S, O, Fe, Al, Cu, and other elements. SEM and AFM observations suggest thatZuotaiis a kind of ancient nanodrug. Its particles are mainly in the range of 100–800 nm, which commonly further aggregate into 1–30 μm loosely amorphous particles. XRD test shows thatβ-HgS, S8, andα-HgS are its main phase compositions. XRD fingerprint analysis indicates that the similarity degrees of nine samples are very high, and the results of multivariate statistical analysis are broadly consistent with sample sources. The present research has revealed the physicochemical characteristics ofZuotai, and it would play a positive role in interpreting this mysterious Tibetan drug.

scholarly journals Adriamycin - efficacy and possible adverse effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pedrycz ◽  
Agnieszka Kramkowska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer ◽  
Pegylated Form

AbstractAdriamycin (doxorubicin) is a chemical substance in the anthracycline class with a wide range of applications in oncology and hematology. The mechanism of action of Adriamycin is related to formation of irregular bonds between nucleobases of DNA and inhibition of key enzymes of DNA synthesis - topoisomerase I and II as well as to formation of free radicals damaging DNA.A major limitation in the drug use is associated with its adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.The mechanism of myocardial injury by Adriamycin is linked to an increase in oxidative stress associated with impaired mitochondrial function and structure.Cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines is classified as: acute, chronic or late (delayed).Hepatotoxicity of Adriamycin as a damage of the liver is associated with a dysfunction of this organ. Adriamycin studies have shown increased level of transaminase present in 40% of patients treated with Adriamycin. The state was transient and asymptomatic, returning to the initial level even when treatment continued.Knowledge of cancer diseases contributed to a successive creation of two improved forms of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) – nonpegylated and pegylated formulas of the drug.The mechanism of anticancer effects of liposomal Adriamycin is similar to the mechanism of conventional Adriamycin, but placement of the molecules of active substance in liposomes has significant influence on the distribution of the drug.In order to increase the distribution of the drug, a special form of liposomal Adriamycin has been created by covering the surface of the liposomes with a hydrophilic polymer - (MPEG). This process, known as pegylation, decreases the interactions between the lipid bilayer membrane and the plasma components. Pegylated form of the drug is associated with a higher incidence of acute complications.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Wood and Char Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 342-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyman Schultz ◽  
L. A. Currie ◽  
F. R. Matson ◽  
W. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Free Sample

It has been shown that contamination from humic acids, chitin, fungal products, etc., contributing young carbon, and from bitumen and carbonate, contributing old carbon, may not be completely removed from wood and char samples by the usual hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatments of the samples. A procedure is offered for the isolation of a pure chemical substance from such samples, cellulose from wood and uncombined carbon from char, that must represent the original material. Cellulose is prepared by boiling the resin-free sample in 1.25% H2SO4 and 1.25% NaOH, adding Schweitzer's reagent, filtering, and precipitating from the filtrate by acidification. Uncombined carbon is separated from char samples as the flocculant precipitate remaining after boiling in 70% HNO3, followed by settling overnight from a large volume of 6M HNO3. A simple procedure for the chemical examination of char samples is also offered for the estimation of the amounts of bitumen, carbonate, combined, and uncombined carbon in char.

scholarly journals Introducing a Virtual Assistant to the Lab: A Voice User Interface for the Intuitive Control of Laboratory Instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Austerjost ◽  
Marc Porr ◽  
Noah Riedel ◽  
Dominik Geier ◽  
Thomas Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
New Era ◽  
Specific Device ◽  
Voice User ◽  
Voice User Interface

The introduction of smart virtual assistants (VAs) and corresponding smart devices brought a new degree of freedom to our everyday lives. Voice-controlled and Internet-connected devices allow intuitive device controlling and monitoring from all around the globe and define a new era of human–machine interaction. Although VAs are especially successful in home automation, they also show great potential as artificial intelligence-driven laboratory assistants. Possible applications include stepwise reading of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and recipes, recitation of chemical substance or reaction parameters to a control, and readout of laboratory devices and sensors. In this study, we present a retrofitting approach to make standard laboratory instruments part of the Internet of Things (IoT). We established a voice user interface (VUI) for controlling those devices and reading out specific device data. A benchmark of the established infrastructure showed a high mean accuracy (95% ± 3.62) of speech command recognition and reveals high potential for future applications of a VUI within the laboratory. Our approach shows the general applicability of commercially available VAs as laboratory assistants and might be of special interest to researchers with physical impairments or low vision. The developed solution enables a hands-free device control, which is a crucial advantage within the daily laboratory routine.

scholarly journals Y-chromosomal DNA markers for discrimination of chemical substance and effluent effects on sexual differentiation in salmon.

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis O B Afonso ◽  
Jack L Smith ◽  
Michael G Ikonomou ◽  
Robert H Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Chromosomal Dna
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