scholarly journals Adriamycin - efficacy and possible adverse effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pedrycz ◽  
Agnieszka Kramkowska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer ◽  
Pegylated Form

AbstractAdriamycin (doxorubicin) is a chemical substance in the anthracycline class with a wide range of applications in oncology and hematology. The mechanism of action of Adriamycin is related to formation of irregular bonds between nucleobases of DNA and inhibition of key enzymes of DNA synthesis - topoisomerase I and II as well as to formation of free radicals damaging DNA.A major limitation in the drug use is associated with its adverse effects such as cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.The mechanism of myocardial injury by Adriamycin is linked to an increase in oxidative stress associated with impaired mitochondrial function and structure.Cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines is classified as: acute, chronic or late (delayed).Hepatotoxicity of Adriamycin as a damage of the liver is associated with a dysfunction of this organ. Adriamycin studies have shown increased level of transaminase present in 40% of patients treated with Adriamycin. The state was transient and asymptomatic, returning to the initial level even when treatment continued.Knowledge of cancer diseases contributed to a successive creation of two improved forms of Adriamycin (doxorubicin) – nonpegylated and pegylated formulas of the drug.The mechanism of anticancer effects of liposomal Adriamycin is similar to the mechanism of conventional Adriamycin, but placement of the molecules of active substance in liposomes has significant influence on the distribution of the drug.In order to increase the distribution of the drug, a special form of liposomal Adriamycin has been created by covering the surface of the liposomes with a hydrophilic polymer - (MPEG). This process, known as pegylation, decreases the interactions between the lipid bilayer membrane and the plasma components. Pegylated form of the drug is associated with a higher incidence of acute complications.

scholarly journals the Prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 Polymorphisms in Cancer Patients Receiving Irinotecan-Based Chemotherapy at Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Al_talkani ◽  
Sarmed H. Kathem
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Heterozygous Mutation ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Wide Range

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a semisynthetic derivative of the antineoplastic agent camptothecin used in a wide range as an anti-cancer agent in many solid tumors because of its cytotoxic effect through the interaction with the topoisomerase I enzyme. The major limiting factors for irinotecan treatment are its association with potentially life-threatening toxicities including neutropenia and acute or delayed-type diarrhea, results from distinct interindividual and interethnic variability due to gene polymorphism. This is a cross sectional pharmacogentics study was conducted on 25 cancer patients to estimate the prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 allele single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Iraqi cancer patients treated with irinotecan-based therapy at Middle Euphrates Cancer Center. Four drops of venous blood was drawn for each patient and was applied onto the FTA classic card to perform a genotyping assay for the 2 SNPs. After DNA isolation and purification, real time PCR was performed to detect the SNPs of each gene. Results of this study showed the prevalence of one allele variant (heterozygous mutation) of UGT1A1*93 was 64% compared to 36% of patients were wild type to this SNP. No patient (0%) could be detected with homozygous polymorphism of the UGT1A1*93. For the ABCC5 polymorphism, results revealed that 32% of patients have one polymorphic allele (heterozygous), while 28% of them have two polymorphic alleles (homozygous mutation). Wild type ABCC5 gene constitutes 40% of patients.   As a conclusion, high prevalence of UGT1A1*93 and ABCC5 polymorphic alleles were detected in patients at Middle Euphrates Cancer Center which may explain the high toxicity features associated with irinotecan therapy. 

scholarly journals Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haslinda Ramli ◽  
Tuti Ningseh Mohd-Dom ◽  
Shahida Mohd-Said
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
English Language ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Siwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive. Objective This study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health. Method The review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: “siwak’ or ‘miswak’ or ‘chewing stick” for intervention, and “periodontium or ‘periodontal’ or ‘periodontal health’ or ‘periodontal disease” for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included. Results A total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak. Conclusion There is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.

A brief review on the erosion-corrosion behavior of engineering materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshan Kuruvila ◽  
S. Thirumalai Kumaran ◽  
M. Adam Khan ◽  
M. Uthayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Erosion Corrosion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe efficiency of industry depends upon the working conditions of the equipment and components used in the industrial process. The biggest problems faced by the industries are the problems of erosion and corrosion. The harmful effects of corrosion will lead to material loss, which results from the degradation of the equipment. The degradation of the equipment will cause the breakdown of the plant; moreover, it is a threat to the safety of people, and also from the point of conservation, it can cause the exploitation of available resources. The cost of replacing equipment increases the expense, and it can also result in the temporary shutdown of the plant. The protection of surfaces from the adverse effects of corrosion and erosion-corrosion is a matter of great concern in most industrial applications. Advancements in technology provides a wide range of techniques to overcome adverse conditions. The selection of appropriate technology must be from the viewpoint of their interaction with the environment. This review paper addresses the adverse effects of erosion-corrosion in the present scenario.

Nonglycemic Adverse Effects of Insulin

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa M. Guarneri ◽  
Robert P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Patient Health

: Insulin is primarily thought of for its glycemic effects in patients with diabetes. There are, however, non-glycemic adverse effects of insulin that may significantly impact patient health and can interfere with glycemic control. Insulinogenic edema primarily occurs with rapid improvement in glycemic control either in patients with newly discovered diabetes or in patients with poorly-controlled diabetes. Insulin-induced sympathetic activation, vasodilation, changes in vascular permeability and most importantly sodium retention play significant etiologic roles in the development of edema. Clinically, it is usually self-limited but significant complications can develop. Allergic reactions to all insulin preparations and various compounds used in insulin formulations with a wide range of severity have been reported. Frequently, changing type of insulin or delivery method is sufficient, but more advanced treatments such as insulin desensitization and anti-IgE antibody treatment may be needed. Lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy frequently develop with overuse of injection sites. Lipohypertrophy can affect tissue insulin absorption and glycemic control.

INCIDENCE OF CATARACT IN DERMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS USING STEROID CREAMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
(Lt Col) Rajnish Kumar ◽  
(Lt Col) Vaka Raja Sekhar Reddy ◽  
(Lt Col) Sumit Kumar Singh ◽  
Debarshi jana
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Ocular Side ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Background/ Context: Corticosteroids, despite being a very effective line of treatment for various disorders is known to have a wide range of adverse effects. The use of systemic and topical steroids has been associated with cataract formation, however the ophthalmic side effects of application of steroid on skin away from the face has not been studied in depth. With increasing use of corticosteroids as rst line of therapy in treatment of various dermatological conditions, the ocular side effects, if any, of these preparations, cannot be overlooked. Aim: To study the incidence of cataract in patients using skin preparations of corticosteroids away from the face and also to correlate the dose and duration of steroid therapy to incidence of cataract. Materials & Methods: 50 patients with dermatological disorders who were being treated with dermatological steroids, on sites other than the face and periorbital region, for a period of more than six months consisted of the study group. The study group consisted of patients in the age group of 20 – 60 years. The study was conducted over a period of two years at a tertiary care hospital. Visual acuity, Slit lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometryand detailed fundus examination using 90D lens were carried out. Results: The incidence of cataract was signicantly higher in patients using dermatological steroids away from the face. Prolonged duration of use of these steroids also indicated a signicantly higher incidence of cataract. However, a larger population based study needs to be carried out to study the relationship between potency of steroid and incidence of cataract, although preliminary studies indicate a denite correlation between the two. Conclusions: Despite, steroids being used away from the face, there was a denite increase in the incidence of cataract. Before coming to any rm conclusions it would be advisable to reproduce the study in a larger population. However from the present pilot study it is prudent to advocate judicious use of innocuous looking steroid creams as they can cause signicant adverse effects

scholarly journals An Insight into the Mechanism of Holamine- and Funtumine-Induced Cell Death in Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5716
Author(s):  
Jelili A. Badmus ◽  
Okobi E. Ekpo ◽  
Jyoti R. Sharma ◽  
Nicole Remaliah S. Sibuyi ◽  
Mervin Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Steroidal Alkaloids ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Mcf 7

Holamine and funtumine, steroidal alkaloids with strong and diverse pharmacological activities are commonly found in the Apocynaceae family of Holarrhena. The selective anti-proliferative and cell cycle arrest effects of holamine and funtumine on cancer cells have been previously reported. The present study evaluated the anti-proliferative mechanism of action of these two steroidal alkaloids on cancer cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7 and HeLa) by exploring the mitochondrial depolarization effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, apoptosis, F-actin perturbation, and inhibition of topoisomerase-I. The apoptosis-inducing effects of the compounds were studied by flow cytometry using the APOPercentageTM dye and Caspase-3/7 Glo assay kit. The two compounds showed a significantly greater cytotoxicity in cancer cells compared to non-cancer (normal) fibroblasts. The observed antiproliferative effects of the two alkaloids presumably are facilitated through the stimulation of apoptosis. The apoptotic effect was elicited through the modulation of mitochondrial function, elevated ROS production, and caspase-3/7 activation. Both compounds also induced F-actin disorganization and inhibited topoisomerase-I activity. Although holamine and funtumine appear to have translational potential for the development of novel anticancer agents, further mechanistic and molecular studies are recommended to fully understand their anticancer effects.

scholarly journals Medicinal Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoid Use

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Simona Pichini ◽  
Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro ◽  
Francesco Paolo Busardò ◽  
Raffaele Giorgetti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Biological Matrices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Cannabis ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cannabis products have been used for centuries by humans for recreational and medical purposes. Resent research, proposed the promising therapeutic potential of cannabis and related cannabinoids for a wide range of medical conditions, including psychiatric and neurological diseases. This Special Issue presents the latest updates on medicinal cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids pharmacology, toxicology and new analytical methods to identify and quantify these compounds in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices. Moreover, it provides current data regarding their adverse effects, safety, application for medical purposes and their harmful effects.

scholarly journals The Anticancer Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987640
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Deng ◽  
Yu-He Lei ◽  
Tsz-Fung Chiu ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Hua Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Paeoniflorin (PF) is an important pharmacological component of some Chinese traditional herbal formulas, such as Bai Shao, Chi Shao, and Dan Pi, which have been clinically used for centuries. Although many experimental studies have explored a wide range of pharmacological properties of PF, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and prevention of insulin resistance, there is no review to describe these reported effects systematically, especially the antitumor effect and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of PF. Moreover, we highlight the integrated molecular mechanisms of PF and contemplate its future prospects as a potential anticancer drug.

scholarly journals Ground-Borne Vibration Due to Construction Works with Respect to Brownfield Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stolarik ◽  
Miroslav Pinka ◽  
Jan Nedoma
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Seismic Measurements ◽  
Construction Works

Ground-borne vibration caused by mechanized construction works is the most common problem in built-up areas in general. In post-industrial cities, there are many building facilities in the category of brownfields. Parts of these buildings are often technically and culturally valuable buildings with varying degrees of decay. These are very susceptible to vibrations. The revitalization of brownfield areas employs a wide range of works and practices, among which are those that have adverse effects in the form of vibrations and shocks. This paper presents a theoretical study and original results concerning the seismic load on historical and dilapidated buildings in brownfield areas due to the ground-borne vibration caused by mechanized construction works. Original data from seismic measurements are related to the post-industrial Ostrava agglomeration, in the area of one of the biggest successfully revitalized brownfields in Central Europe. All measurements were evaluated in terms of both amplitude and frequency. The results of all measurements were processed in the form of attenuation curves.

scholarly journals Comparative endocrine disrupting effects of abamectin and indoxacarb insecticides

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Atef Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Plant Pests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Pronounced Reduction ◽  
Follicular Stimulating Hormone

Abamectin and indoxacarb are relatively new insecticides with different mode of action and are applied to control a wide range of plant pests. However, their side effects to mammals are not fully studied. Accordingly, current study aimed to compare the adverse effects of both insecticides against the endocrine biomarkers: triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and testosterone. These parameters were measured after orally-injecting rats with 1/20 LD50 doses of each of abamectin and indoxacarb for 60 days. Results showed that indoxacarb had pronounced reduction in the contents of T3 and FSH hormones compared to control and abamectin. Also, indoxacarb increased testosterone level compared to abamectin. T4 level was reduced by abamectin treatment compared to indoxacarb. Progesterone content was significantly increased after the abamectin treatment, while it was decreased after the indoxacarb treatment. However, the tested insecticides belong to avermectins and oxadiazine chemical groups that have different mode of action. They showed some similarity in their effect on T3, T4, and FSH, except for the progesterone hormone that showed a contradicting response. These two insecticides were marked as safe but current study highlight the need for caution during their application in the integrated pest management program.

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