scholarly journals Concentrations of Halosuccinic Acids in Raw Water, Drinking Water and Boiled Driking Water

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Yasuo TAKAHASHI ◽  
Sukeo ONODERA ◽  
Masatoshi MORITA
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Drinking

Characterization of indicator bacteria in municipal raw water, drinking water, and new main water samples

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1002-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Clark ◽  
C. A. Burger ◽  
L. E. Sabatinos
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Pollution Indicator

Municipal water samples were analyzed by membrane filter (MF) and presence–absence (P-A) tests for pollution indicator bacteria. In four years, 11 514 bacterial cultures were isolated from either raw water, drinking water, or new main water samples submitted to three environmental laboratories. The bacterial species occurring most often in all types of water samples were Escherichia coli (11.6–39.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (18.1–26.3%), Aeromonas hydrophila (8.8–17.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.7–10.3%), and Citrobacter freundii (5.09–22.7%). A lactose – lauryl tryptose – tryptone broth was examined as an alternative medium to modified MacConkey broth in the presumptive portion of the P-A test. The intensity of acid and gas production in presumptive positive P-A bottles was compared with the types and frequencies of indicator bacteria shown by confirmatory tests. The results of detecting indicator bacteria following the analysis of 53 130 samples over a 2-year period were arranged by water source (well, lake, river, mixed) and water type (raw or drinking) to determine the influence of these parameters on the recovery of indicator bacteria. A further subdivision of the sample types into raw surface, raw ground, in-plant, plant discharge, reservoir, and distribution samples demonstrated the effect of water treatment practices.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS BAKTERIOLOGIS AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DI KELURAHAN SEMEMI, KECAMATAN BENOWO

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ria Ayu Dewanti ◽  
Lilis Sulistyorini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The high demand for drinking water consumption leading to increase public interest to consuming refilled drinking water, because it’s more practice, hygienic and affordable price. But still many Refilled Drinking Water Depots which not yet fulfilled conditions of drinking water quality which have beenspecified. This aims of this researchwas to analyze the bacteriological quality of raw water and refilled drinking water in the refilled drinking water depots and the incidence of diarrhea in Sememi village, Benowo district. This research was an analytical survey by cross-sectional design. Interview conducted on 100 respondents who are use bulkdrinking water using simple random sampling. Interviews were also to handlers in refilled drinking water depot. The observation included condition and the type of disinfectant were used, and taking water sample to laboratory for examination. The independentvariables were bacteriological quality of refilled drinking water, while the incidence of diarrhea most of the dependent variable. Another variable that also studied including duration of use and period storage of refilled drinking water. For the result, all samples of raw water showed growth of E. coli, afterprocessing 2 depots were not eligible. The prevalence of diarrhea in consumens was 16%. It is concluded that 11 of 16 (68.75%) diarrhea patients are consume eligible drinking water refills. Supervision to depots also important to prevent and reduce the incidence diarrhea from drinking water produced.Keywords: Refilled Drinking Water, Drinking Water Depot, diarrhea, E. coli

scholarly journals MICROCYSTINS IN RAW WATER, DRINKING WATER, AND SOME ISOLATES OF CYANOPROKARYOTES

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Emad Abdel-Halim ◽  
Yehia Azab
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Drinking

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

Occurrence of 1,4-dioxane and MTBE in drinking water sources in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Simazaki ◽  
M. Asami ◽  
T. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kunikane ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Nationwide surveys of 1,4-dioxane and methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) levels in raw water used for the drinking water supply were conducted at 91 water treatment plants in Japan in 2001 and 2002, prior to the revision of the drinking water quality standards. 1,4-dioxane was widely and continuously detected in raw water samples and its occurrence was more frequent and its concentrations higher in groundwater than in surface water. However, its maximum concentration in raw water was much lower than its new standard value (50 μg/L), which was determined as a level of 10−5 excessive cancer risk to humans. Trace levels of MTBE were also detected in several surface water samples.

ION Exchange Characterisation of Modified Zeolite

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2269-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š Cerjan-Stefanovic ◽  
M. Kaštelan-Macan ◽  
T. Filipan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Isomorphous Substitution ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
Water Drinking

Isomorphous substitution of phosphorus into a natural zeolite affords the possibility to change the overall framework charge from negative to positive. The substances so created should be used for purification of waste waters. The work describes the preparation of phosphated zeolite, their characterisation and examples of their anion exchange of NO3 on observed in deionized water, drinking water and in the solution containing varying amounts of nitrate.

Virus occurrence in municipal groundwater sources in Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Locas ◽  
Christine Barthe ◽  
Benoit Barbeau ◽  
Annie Carrière ◽  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

A 1 year study was undertaken on groundwater that was a source of drinking water in the province of Quebec, Canada. Twelve municipal wells (raw water) were sampled monthly during a 1 year period, for a total of 160 samples. Using historic data, the 12 sites were categorized into 3 groups: group A (no known contamination), group B (sporadically contaminated by total coliforms), and group C (historic and continuous contamination by total coliforms and (or) fecal coliforms). Bacterial indicators (total coliform, Escherichia coli , enteroccoci), viral indicators (somatic and male-specific coliphages), total culturable human enteric viruses, and noroviruses were analyzed at every sampling site. Total coliforms were the best indicator of microbial degradation, and coliform bacteria were always present at the same time as human enteric viruses. Two samples contained human enteric viruses but no fecal pollution indicators (E. coli, enterococci, or coliphages), suggesting the limited value of these microorganisms in predicting the presence of human enteric viruses in groundwater. Our results underline the value of historic data in assessing the vulnerability of a well on the basis of raw water quality and in detecting degradation of the source. This project allowed us to characterize the microbiologic and virologic quality of groundwater used as municipal drinking water sources in Quebec.

Suspended particles in the drinking water of two distribution systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gauthier ◽  
B. Barbeau ◽  
R. Millette ◽  
J.-C. Block ◽  
M. Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Dissolved Matter

The concentrations of suspended particles were measured in the drinking water of two distribution systems, and the nature of these particles documented. The concentrations of particulate matter were invariably found to be small (maximum 350 μg/L). They are globally in the very low range in comparison with dissolved matter concentrations, which are measured in several hundreds of mg/L. Except during special water quality events, such as turnover of the raw water resource, results show that organic matter represents the most important fraction of suspended solids (from 40 to 76%) in treated and distributed water. Examination of the nature of the particles made it possible to develop several hypotheses about the type of particles penetrating Montreal's distribution system during the turnover period (algae skeleton, clays). These particles were found to have been transported throughout the distribution systems quite easily, and this could result in the accumulation of deposits if their surface charge were ever even slightly destabilised, or if the particles were to penetrate the laminar flow areas that are fairly typical of remote locations in distribution systems.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria and microcystin contamination in untreated and treated drinking water in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Naa Dzama Addico ◽  
Jörg D. Hardege ◽  
Jiri Kohoutek ◽  
Kweku Amoaku Atta DeGraft-Johnson ◽  
Pavel Babica
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Maximal Concentration ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Who Guideline

<p>Although cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxins represent a worldwide-occurring phenomenon, there are large differences among different countries in cyanotoxin-related human health risk assessment, management practices and policies. While national standards, guideline values and detailed regulatory frameworks for effective management of cyanotoxin risks have been implemented in many industrialized countries, the extent of cyanobacteria occurrence and cyanotoxin contamination in certain geographical regions is under-reported and not very well understood. Such regions include major parts of tropical West and Central Africa, a region constisting of more than 25 countries occupying an area of 12 million km<sup>2</sup>, with a total population of 500 milion people. Only few studies focusing on cyanotoxin occurrence in this region have been published so far, and reports dealing specifically with cyanotoxin contamination in drinking water are extremely scarce. In this study, we report seasonal data on cyanobacteria and microcystin (MC) contamination in drinking water reservoirs and adjacent treatment plants located in Ghana, West Africa. During January-June 2005, concentrations of MCs were monitored in four treatment plants supplying drinking water to major metropolitan areas in Ghana: the treatment plants Barekese and Owabi, which serve Kumasi Metropolitan Area, and the plants Kpong and Weija, providing water for Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. HPLC analyses showed that 65% samples of raw water at the intake of the treatment plants contained intracellular MCs (maximal detected concentration was 8.73 µg L<sup>-1</sup>), whereas dissolved toxins were detected in 33% of the samples. Significant reduction of cyanobacterial cell counts and MC concentrations was achieved during the entire monitoring period by the applied conventional water treatment methods (alum flocculation, sedimentation, rapid sand filtration and chlorination), and MC concentration in the final treated water never exceeded 1 µg L<sup>-1</sup> (WHO guideline limit for MCs in drinking water). However, cyanobacterial cells (93-3,055 cell mL<sup>-1</sup>) were frequently found in the final treated water and intracellular MCs were detected in 17% of the samples (maximal concentration 0.61 µg L<sup>-1</sup>), while dissolved MCs were present in 14% of the final treated water samples (maximal concentration 0.81 µg L<sup>-1</sup>). It indicates a borderline efficiency of the water treatment, thus MC concentrations in drinking water might exceed the WHO guideline limit if the treatment efficiency gets compromised. In addition, MC concentrations found in the raw water intake might represent significant human health risks for people living in areas with only a limited access to the treated or underground drinking water.</p>

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