scholarly journals Spatial anxiety: A novel questionnaire with subscales for measuring three aspects of spatial anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Lyons ◽  
Gerardo Ramirez ◽  
Erin A. Maloney ◽  
Danielle N. Rendina ◽  
Susan C. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Objective Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Data Driven Approach

Spatial skills are a strong predictor of achievement and pursuit of employment in STEM fields. However, some individuals experience anxiety arising from situations that require performing spatial tasks in an evaluative context, and as a result, may avoid spatial related mental activities and exposure to spatially relevant experiences. We sought to generate and validate an instrument capable of reliably measuring individual differences in experiences of spatial anxiety. We developed a spatial anxiety data-driven approach, wherein an exploratory factor analysis was conducted within the framework for different types of spatial skills outlined by Uttal et al. (2013; https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028446). In Study 1, factor analyses revealed that items loaded on three factors that corresponded well with some of the most common spatial abilities that have been discussed in the broader literature: navigation, mental-manipulation and imagery. The three subscales were high in internal reliability and between-scale selectivity. Study 2 then established that external validity was good for the navigation and manipulation subscales: higher anxiety ratings uniquely predicted lower objective performance and lower attitude/ability ratings on established measures within the respective subdomains. External validity was acceptable for the imagery subscale, uniquely predicting lower attitude/ability ratings on an established spatial imagery questionnaire. The overall result is an empirically validated Spatial Anxiety scale for use with adults that also respects the multifaceted nature of spatial processing. This questionnaire has the potential to provide a more comprehensive screening tool for spatial anxiety, and is a step toward identifying potential barriers to STEM education.

Developing a Motivation Scale for Engineering Studies in a Francophone Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (spécial) ◽  
pp. 5-37
Author(s):  
Marie Chédru
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
External Regulation ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Identified Regulation

Based on self-determination theory, this research presents the development of a scale to assess motivation for engineering studies in a Francophone context. Three phases of data collection were conducted (N = 462, 545 and 864) for a total of 1871 engineering students (59.2% female). Results from both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support a seven-factor structure for the scale: 1) intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivations characterised by 2) identified regulation – altruism, 3) introjected regulation – ego, 4) introjected regulation – conscience, 5) external regulation – security, 6) external regulation – social prestige and, finally, 7) amotivation. The dimensions of altruism and security are specific to engineering studies. The scale meets generally accepted criteria for reliability and verifies different types of validity evidence.

Reconsidering the digital divide: an analytical framework from access to appropriation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Ai-Chi Loh ◽  
Arul Chib
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Methodological Problems

PurposeThis paper presents a framework to measure the digital divide by considering a more comprehensive index of information and communication technology (ICT) predictors. The authors also address the conceptual and methodological problems in the digital divide field, given that its focus has been shifted from technological access to higher-order divides over the years. The proposed framework is hypothesized and tested in the context of unemployed and underemployed residents in Singapore.Design/methodology/approachThrough a quantitative survey, 302 unemployed and underemployed workers were asked what ICT “access”, “usage” and “appropriation” meant to them. Factor analyses were deployed to identify the underlying, granular dimensions of ICT access, usage and appropriation.FindingsThe factor analyses revealed an interesting breakdown of the main factors of ICT access, usage and appropriation. The authors found that one's purpose for which technology is accessed, used and appropriated determines how each of the levels of ICT assets is defined. Thus, the authors propose new operational definitions for ICT access, usage and appropriation based on the analyses.Originality/valueThis study aims to provide a more robust measure of the digital divide from access, capabilities to outcomes. The authors hope that this framework, besides complementing current digital divide models, can be applied to different types of participants.

scholarly journals How Reliable and Valid is the Japanese Version of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL)?

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Robson ◽  
Hideko Midorikawa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Shared Variance ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Japanese Translation

This study looks at the internal reliability of the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (Oxford, 1 990), using the ESL/EFL version in Japanese translation. The results of the Cronbach’s alpha analysis indicate a high degree of reliability for the overall questionnaire, but less so for the six subsections. Moreover, the test-retest correlations for the two administrations are extremely low with an average shared variance of 1 9.5 percent at the item level and 25.5 percent at the subsection level. In addition, the construct validity of the SILL was examined using exploratory factor analysis. While the SILL claims to be measuring six types of strategies, the two factor analyses include as many as 1 5 factors. Moreover, an attempt to fit the two administrations into a six-factor solution results in a disorganized scattering of the questionnaire items. Finally, interviews with participating students raised questions about the ability of participants to understand the metalanguage used in the questionnaire as well as the appropriateness of some items for a Japanese and EFL setting. The authors conclude that despite the popularity of the SILL, use and interpretation of its results are problematic. 本研究は、Oxford(1990)の外国語学習ストラテジー・インベントリー (SILL)のEFL/ESL用日本語版の内部信頼性及び構成概念妥当性を実験と統計に よって検証したものである。クロンバック・アルファ検定による内部信頼性 については、インベントリーの全項目は全体としては信頼性が高かったが、 6タイプのサブカテゴリーに分類されたストラテジーについては信頼性が低か った。また、インベントリーを用いたテスト・再テストの相関は低く、全項 目では平均寄与率19.5パーセント、サブカテゴリーでは25.5パーセントであっ た。構成概念妥当性検定のための説明的因子分析の結果は、6タイプのストラ テジーが15因子に細分化されたこと、さらに、全項目を6因子に分けた結果、 それぞれの因子が無秩序に分類される結果となった。最後に、インタビュー によって、この実験に参加した被験者学生にインベントリーの各項目の内容 理解について確認した結果、日本語がわかりにくく判断しいくい記述、日本 のEFLの状況では理解しにくい記述があることが明らかになった。以上のす べてから、SILLの実用的評価にもかかわらず、それを用いること、また、そ こから得た結果の解釈には問題が含まれているというのが、本研究の研究者 が得た結論である。

scholarly journals El debate sobre la validez externa en economía experimental

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-321
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Moro ◽  
Marcelo Auday
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

We focus on the debate on the external validity of lab results in the area of experimental economics. More specifically, we focus on Colin Camerer’s and John List’s views, who postulate opposite positions on the issue. The problem is that they partially analyze the same empirical evidence and draw from it opposite conclusions. The goal of this work is to analyze such empirical evidence to try to explain the difference in interpretation of results. We argue that the dispute in interpretations can be expressed in terms of difference of criteria used to determine external validity. From our analysis we propose the formulation of different types of external validity.

Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Ortiz ◽  
Eugenio Pellicer ◽  
Keith R. Molenaar
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Construction Project Management ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Project Objectives

This research describes the managerial approaches that contractors follow to determine different types of contingencies in construction project management. Two large Spanish general contractors were selected for an in-depth analysis. Interviews and surveys were conducted with six additional companies to explore the external validity of the findings. Managers constrain time and cost buffers through project objectives, applying heuristics to determine inventory buffers. The management of capacity buffers is entrusted to subcontractors. The contractors take advantage of scope and quality buffers to meet project objectives but rarely share these buffers with the owner, unless the owner is an internal client.

Dimensions of Manifest Depression in Newly Hospitalized Patients

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (502) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Helen Michaux ◽  
Lettie Vander Zwaag ◽  
Albert A. Kurland
Keyword(s):  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Basic Factor ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Symptoms of depression as a clinical entity have been the object of factor analyses by Hamilton (1960) and by Overall (1962). In each of these studies data consisted of observations of male in-patients whose hospital diagnosis was depression. Subjects were rated on the basis of interview behaviour in sets of items considered relevant to clinical concepts of the disorder. Dimensions obtained in Overall's analysis agreed very closely with factors which had previously been identified in psychiatric ratings of schizophrenic patients (Lorr, 1953; Lorr, McNair, Klett, and Lasky, 1962; Overall and Gorham, 1962). This finding was interpreted as evidence that “certain basic factor dimensions appear in various different types of patients” (Overall, 1962). Hamilton felt that a single word-label might describe qualitatively different behaviours, depending on diagnosis; he therefore insisted on the importance of context (nosological category) in assessing the significance of any given symptom.

Initial Development and Validation of the Likelihood to Physically Abuse Scale in an American Male Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. VV-D-19-00148
Author(s):  
Christina Elisabeth Riley ◽  
Niwako Yamawaki
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Psychological Measure

In two studies, a psychological measure that predicts the likelihood of a male partner to physically abuse a female intimate partner—the Likelihood to Physically Abuse (LPA) scale—was developed. The LPA scale’s internal reliability and validity were tested in Study I (N = 183). In Study II, 299 men were administered the LPA scale online along with validated measures related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration to further test the internal reliability of the LPA scale and test its construct and external validity. Overall, the results from both studies showed excellent internal reliability (α ≥ 90) and support for the LPA scale’s validity with all but one measure showing moderate (r ≥ .30) to strong correlational relationships (r ≥ .50).

Developmental Dyspraxia: Is it a Unitary Function?

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jean Ayres ◽  
Zoe K. Mailloux ◽  
Cathy L. W. Wendler
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Developmental Dyspraxia

Children ( N = 182) with known or suspected sensory integrative dysfunction and who ranged in age front 4 years, 0 months, to 9 years, 11 months, were assessed using tests and clinical observations to examine developmental dyspraxia. Correlations and factor analyses indicated strong associations between praxis, tactile sensory processing, visual perception, and repeating of sentences. The major factor represented visuosomatopraxis function with elements linked by concept formation. Auditory memory delineated a second factor and kinesthesia another factor. Any contribution of the vestibular system to praxis could not be clearly isolated. The study did not justify the existence of either a unitary function or different types of developmental dyspraxia; rather, it supported the idea of a general praxis function and of additional differentiated practic skills defined by behavioral goals.

scholarly journals Examining Types of Fatigue Among Individuals with ME/CFS

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Jason ◽  
Tricia Jessen ◽  
Nicole Porter ◽  
Aaron Boulton ◽  
Mary Gloria-Njoku
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Scale Reliability ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Different Types ◽  
General Populations

Severe, persisting fatigue is a prominent symptom of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), but individuals with this illness frequently report the occurrence of unique fatigue states that might be different from conventional symptoms of fatigue. The present study attempted to assess a comprehensive set of fatigue symptoms that have been commonly reported among patients with ME/CFS. A 22-item fatigue questionnaire was developed and administered to 130 persons diagnosed with ME/CFS and 251 controls. Adequate scale reliability was found. Factor analyses revealed a five-factor structure for participants with ME/CFS but only a one factor solution for the control group. The new scale was also contrasted with other more traditional scales developed to measure fatigue. Findings suggest that individuals with ME/CFS experience different types of fatigue than what are reported in the general populations.

scholarly journals Glycemic management via fasting-induced decrease in blood glucose concentration: A protective intervention against COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Zohreh Eam s ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glycemic Management ◽  
Protective Intervention

According to the literature, uncontrolled glycemia can be a strong predictor of severe morbidity and mortality in different types of viral infections. Hyperglycemia can make the condition worse in diabetic and nondiabetic patients infected with sever acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, maintaining blood glucose levels low (within the safe range of 70-100 mg/ mg/dl) seems to be beneficial in our battle against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2.

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