Modeling Growth— a Discrete Approach

Dan Kunkle; Charles I. Burch

doi:10.5951/mt.77.4.0266

Modeling Growth— a Discrete Approach

Mathematics Teacher ◽

10.5951/mt.77.4.0266 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 266-268

Author(s):

Dan Kunkle ◽

Charles I. Burch

Keyword(s):

Educational System ◽

Electronic Computer ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Discrete Approach ◽

Discrete Device ◽

Programming Courses ◽

Modeling Growth

Computers have played an increasingly large and important role in our society in recent decades. This trend has resulted in a greater public awareness of computing, the introduction of programming courses throughout our educational system, and also a heightened interest in the mathematics of discrete (as opposed to continuously changing) processes. The electronic computer is an intrinsically discrete device, yet we typically think of applications of computers to the mathematics of continuous variables.

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Smoking Is Associated with Pain in All Body Regions, with Greatest Influence on Spinal Pain

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnz224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1759-1768 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Smuck ◽

Byron J Schneider ◽

Reza Ehsanian ◽

Elizabeth Martin ◽

Ming-Chih J Kao

Keyword(s):

Public Awareness ◽

Nationwide Survey ◽

The Body ◽

Smoking History ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Body Regions

Abstract Objective Examine the interrelationship between smoking and pain in the US population. Design A cross-sectional population-based study. Setting Nationwide survey. Methods Comprehensive pain reports categorically defined as head, spine, trunk, and limb pain; smoking history; demographics; medical history from a total of 2,307 subjects from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey obtained from the Centers for Disease Control were analyzed. Unpaired t tests were used to analyze independent continuous variables, and chi-square tests were used to analyze categorical variables between smoker and nonsmoker groups. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses determined the association of current smoking with the presence of pain in various body regions. Results Smoking is most strongly associated with spine pain (odds ratio [OR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.21–3.77), followed by headache (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.73–3.53), trunk pain (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.45–2.74), and limb pain (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.45–2.73). Conclusions Current smoking is associated with pain in every region of the body. This association is strongest for spine and head pain. Given that pain is a strong motivator and that current smoking was associated with pain in all body regions, we recommend that these results be used to further raise public awareness about the potential harms of smoking.

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Identifying Sources of Sulfate Aerosols Reaching Whiteface Mountain, NY

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100117546 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

James S. Webber

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Acid Deposition ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Coal Combustion ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Sulfate Aerosols ◽

Wet And Dry Deposition ◽

Whiteface Mountain ◽

Toxic Trace Metals

INTRODUCTION“Acid rain” and “acid deposition” are terms no longer confined to the lexicon of atmospheric scientists and 1imnologists. Public awareness of and concern over this phenomenon, particularly as it affects acid-sensitive regions of North America, have increased dramatically in the last five years. Temperate ecosystems are suffering from decreased pH caused by acid deposition. Human health may be directly affected by respirable sulfates and by the increased solubility of toxic trace metals in acidified waters. Even man's monuments are deteriorating as airborne acids etch metal and stone features.Sulfates account for about two thirds of airborne acids with wet and dry deposition contributing equally to acids reaching surface waters or ground. The industrial Midwest is widely assumed to be the source of most sulfates reaching the acid-sensitive Northeast since S02 emitted as a byproduct of coal combustion in the Midwest dwarfs S02 emitted from all sources in the Northeast.

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Considering the Language Disorder Label Debate From a School Speech-Language Pathology Lens

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_persp-19-00077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Murza ◽

Barbara J. Ehren

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Language Disorder ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Developmental Language Disorder ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Education Act

Purpose The purpose of this article is to situate the recent language disorder label debate within a school's perspective. As described in two recent The ASHA Leader articles, there is international momentum to change specific language impairment to developmental language disorder . Proponents of this change cite increased public awareness and research funding as part of the rationale. However, it is unclear whether this label debate is worthwhile or even practical for the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP). A discussion of the benefits and challenges to a shift in language disorder labels is provided. Conclusions Although there are important arguments for consistency in labeling childhood language disorder, the reality of a label change in U.S. schools is hard to imagine. School-based services are driven by eligibility through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, which has its own set of labels. There are myriad reasons why advocating for the developmental language disorder label may not be the best use of SLPs' time, perhaps the most important of which is that school SLPs have other urgent priorities.

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