Some Ideas on the Study of Geometry

1913 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eugene R. Smith ◽  
Harry D. Gaylord ◽  
Maurice J. Babb ◽  
William E. Breckenridge ◽  
Charles R. Shultz

In the preparation of this paper I have followed certain suggestions on the study of Geometry contained in the Report of the Committee of Fifteen on a Geometry Syllabus. The introduction to this report gives an historical account of various attempts to reform the teaching of geometry. This section should prove, therefore, not only interesting but extremely valuable to students and teachers of mathematics. From it we gleam some very noteworthy facts in regard to the progress that has been made in the attempts to place the study of geometry on a sane and satisfactory footing in the school curriculum.

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.


Ramus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Lavan

(BJ6.350)Those who discard their weapons and surrender their persons, I will let live. Like a lenient master in a household, I will punish the incorrigible but preserve the rest for myself.So ends Titus' address to the embattled defenders of Jerusalem in the sixth book of Josephus'Jewish War(6.328-50). It is the most substantial instance of communication between Romans and Jews in the work. Titus compares himself to the master of a household and the Jewish rebels to his slaves. Is this how we expect a Roman to describe empire? If not, what does it mean for our understanding of the politics of Josephus' history? The question is particularly acute given that this is not just any Roman but Titus himself: heir apparent and, if we believe Josephus, the man who read and approved this historical account. It is thus surprising that, while the speeches of Jewish advocates of submission to Rome such as Agrippa II (2.345-401) and Josephus himself (5.362-419) have long fascinated readers, Titus' speech has received little or no attention. Remarkably, it is not mentioned in any of three recent collections of essays on Josephus. This paper aims to highlight the rhetorical choices that Josephus has made in constructing this voice for Titus—particularly his self-presentation as master—and the interpretive questions these raise for his readers. It should go without saying that the relationship of this text to anything that Titus may have said during the siege is highly problematic. (Potentially more significant, but unfortunately no less speculative, is the question of how it might relate to any speech recorded in the commentaries of Vespasian and Titus that Josephus appears to have used as a source.) What we have is a Josephan composition that is embedded in the broader narrative of theJewish War.


Author(s):  
Emma Rodero ◽  
Isabel Rodríguez-de-Dios

Writing and reading have long been considered to be the two most important skills that pupils must master perfectly. For this reason, written competence has been the protagonist in education, while oral communication via listening and speaking has traditionally remained in the background. However, most criticisms of this prevalence have not been based on empirical studies but on simple verifications that are old and have not been applied to Spain. Given the lack of data and the importance of oral communication nowadays, the aim of this study is to determine the current weight of oral skills in primary education. For this purpose, 433 teachers answered an online questionnaire to determine the importance of each skill, the work dedicated to each, the activities to develop them, and the students’ perceptions. The results indicated that, although most teachers believe that the way in which oral competencies are taught has changed, these skills should have still greater importance. In fact, they consider that the content included in the school curriculum is insufficient. Teachers claim to devote similar percentages of time to writing and speaking, but not so much to listening. In addition, they consider that students experience greater satisfaction when carrying out activities related to oral skills. In conclusion, although the results are positive and some progress is being made in developing oral communication, there is still room for improvement to achieve full equivalence with the written word. Resumen La escritura y la lectura se han concebido durante muchos años como los dos canales superiores de conocimiento que los alumnos deben dominar a la perfección. Por esta razón, la competencia escrita ha sido la protagonista en la educación, mientras la oralidad, la escucha y el habla, han quedado tradicionalmente en un segundo plano. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los autores que denuncian esta prevalencia de lo escrito no se han basado en estudios sino en simples constataciones, ya antiguas, que no se han aplicado a España. Ante la falta de datos y el reconocimiento de la importancia en nuestros días de la comunicación oral, esta investigación surge con el objetivo de determinar el actual peso que tienen las competencias orales en la educación primaria. Para ello, se realizó un cuestionario online a 433 docentes destinado a conocer la importancia de cada competencia, la frecuencia de trabajo de cada una, las actividades para desarrollarlas y la percepción de los alumnos. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque la mayoría del profesorado cree que la forma de enseñar competencias orales ha cambiado, deberían tener una mayor importancia. De hecho, consideran que los contenidos propuestos en el currículo escolar no son suficientes para trabajarlas. Los docentes afirman destinar un porcentaje similar a la escritura y al habla, pero no tanto a la escucha. Además, creen que los estudiantes experimentan una mayor satisfacción cuando realizan actividades relacionadas con la competencia oral. En conclusión, aunque los resultados son positivos y se está avanzando en el desarrollo del código oral, aún queda margen de mejora para lograr la plena equiparación con el escrito.


2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
F. E. Kio ◽  
E. K. Morny ◽  
A. O. Amedo ◽  
O. M. Oriowo

Many authors have reported on the evolution and trends of optometric education in Africa. Amongst these are articles on Optometry and optometric education in Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, South Africa, Ghana, and Ethiopia. This article reports the historical perspectives of optometric education in Ghana and the developments that have been made in the last 20 years. It also attempts to relate the stride made towards legal recognition of optometry in Ghana. In presenting this historical account, it is hoped that sometime in the future, one should be able to look back at the beginning of optometry training in Ghana and be able to measure the advancement or otherwise that have been made since its inception. (S Afr Optom 2011 70(3) 136-141)


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qurbanhajar Hajar ◽  
Budiono Budiono

Abstract: This study aims to determine (1) the implementation of policies for increasing professionalism of teachers in SMP Negeri 3 Hu'u, (2) the constraints of implementing policies for increasing professionalism of teachers in SMP Negeri 3 Hu'u, (3) efforts to overcome obstacles in implementing policies for increasing professionalism teacher at Hu'u Middle School 3. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques of this study were interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the implementation of the policy of increasing teacher professionalism in SMP Negeri 3 Hu'u has not been carried out to the maximum. The implementation is carried out through MGMP, PKB, Diklat, school curriculum development. Lack of opportunities to develop the profession on an ongoing basis because teachers are stuck in a routine. Teachers are also less motivated to develop professionally and personally motivated to develop their profession. (2) Constraints faced are lack of teacher sensitivity towards their profession, school policies for GTTs that do not yet have NUPTK are still not optimal, teachers delay time in various teacher development activities. (3) Efforts made in overcoming obstacles are the existence of teacher development training conducted by colleagues at the School; district-level training, workshops, teacher tutoring group learning; teacher discipline, and student discipline which must be followed by all teachers and students who are in the Hu'u 3 Public Middle School.Keywords: Policy, Professionalism, TeacherAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) implementasi kebijakan peningkatan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 3 Hu’u, (2) kendala implementasi kebijakan peningkatan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 3 Hu’u, (3) upaya mengatasi kendala implementasi kebijakan peningkatan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 3 Hu’u. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) implementasi kebijakan peningkatan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 3 Hu’u belum dilaksanan dengan maksimal. Pelaksanaannya dilakukan melalui MGMP, PKB, Diklat, pengembangan kurikulum sekolah. Kurangnya kesempatan untuk mengembangkan profesi secara berkelanjutan karena guru terjebak pada rutinitas. Guru juga kurang termotivasi untuk melakukan pengembangan profesionalisme dan tergerak secara pribadi untuk mengembangkan profesinya. (2) Kendala yang dihadapi yaitu kurang adanya kepekaan guru terhadap profesinya, kebijakan sekolah untuk para GTT yang belum memiliki NUPTK masih belum maksimal, guru mengundur waktu dalam berbagai kegiatan pengembangan guru. (3) Upaya yang dilakukan dalam mengatasi kendala yaitu adanya pelatihan pengembangan guru yang dilakukan perpekan di Sekolah tersebut; pelatihan pada tingkat Kabupaten, workshop, belajar kelompok bimbingan guru; tata tertib guru serta tata tertib siswa yang harus diikuti oleh seluruh guru dan peserta didik yang berada di Sekolah SMP Negeri 3 Hu’u.Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Profesionalisme, Guru


2021 ◽  
pp. 251484862110224
Author(s):  
Ebru Kayaalp ◽  
Onur Arslan

In 1999, two devastating earthquakes occurred in Northwestern Turkey, which claimed around 18,000 lives. Since the disaster, many scientific studies and projects, both international and national, have been conducted, concluding that another earthquake at the magnitude of at least six will hit Istanbul. Even though there is a consensus among scientists that an earthquake will happen in Istanbul, there is a plethora of different theories and arguments about the anticipated earthquake. This paper is an historical account of how different technoscientific practices have enacted different North Anatolian Faults stretching across Anatolia and Marmara Sea. The multiplicity of the fault does not emerge as an epistemic problem of having different perspectives, but it is an ontological question of how plural realities are being made in different scientific practices. We argue that scientific uncertainties emerge when these different faults do not fit together in technoscientific circles and across public venues.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnulfo Medina-Fitoria ◽  
José G. Martínez-Fonseca

ResumenEn este artículo describimos cronológicamente 182 años de investigación chiropterológica que atribuyen 110 especies en Nicaragua; desde la primeracolecta registrada en 1837 hasta la última publicación hecha en 2019. Estos trabajos fueron hechos en su totalidad por extranjeros hasta finalesdel siglo pasado, con una importante participación de investigadores nacionales a partir del siglo XXI. Determinamos tres épocas principales de exploración y cuyo auge ha dependido de las situaciones sociopolíticas del país. La primera seextendió de finales del siglo XIX hasta principios del siglo XX, con un segundo periodo durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970 y un tercer período que transcurre a lo largo del siglo XXI. En total recopilamos y analizamos 93 publicaciones científicas, las cuales datamos y ordenamos según su fecha de publicación. El recuento histórico reconoce a naturalistas y científicos nacionales y extranjeros que han contribuido al conocimiento de los murciélagos del país, donde se resaltan algunas de las obras más significativas para el desarrollo de la mastozoología en Nicaragua.Palabras clave: Especies, localidades, murciélagos, publicaciones. AbstractWe chronologically describe 182 years of chiropterological research, attributing 110 species in Nicaragua; from the first collection recorded in 1837 untilthe last publication made  in 2019; these works were made entirely by foreigners until the end of the last century, with an important participation of nationalresearchers from the 21st century. We determined three main periods of exploration and whose duration has depended on the socio-political situationsof the country. The first extended from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century, with a second period during the 1960s and 1970s; and athird period that runs throughout the 21st century. In total we collect and analyze 93 reports, which we date and order according to their publication date.The historical account recognizes national and foreign naturalists and scientists who have contributed to the knowledge of the country’s bats, highlighting some of the most significant works.Key words: Bats, localities, publications, species.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Marks-Anglin ◽  
Yong Chen

Publication bias is a well-known threat to the validity of meta-analyses and, more broadly, the reproducibility of scientific findings. When policies and recommendations are predicated on an incomplete evidence-base, it undermines the goals of evidence-based decision-making. Great strides have been made in the last fifty years to understand and address this problem, including calls for mandatory trial registration and the development of statistical methods to detect and correct for publication bias. We offer an historical account of seminal contributions by the evidence synthesis community, with an emphasis on the parallel development of graph-based and selection model approaches. We also draw attention to current innovations and opportunities for future methodological work.


Educatia 21 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Domnița Florina Fetti (Mora) ◽  

Promoting an intercultural perspective in education must rely on a certain vision upon society. Given the special significance in educational approaches, the intercultural approach is a new way of designing and implementing the school curriculum and a new relational attitude among teachers, students and parents. The intercultural perspective opens new avenues for the manifestation of diversity and differences. Intercultural positioning is not reduced to a cumulative presentation of knowledge about the values of others, but it means cultivating attitudes of respect and openness to diversity. This attitude is born through a permanent communication with others and through a careful and optimal decentralization towards one’s own cultural norms. Therefore, the management of the intercultural conflicts made in the context of school learning experiences must be related to the dynamic perspective on the changes that characterize the educational reality in terms of educational innovation. As a consequence, a pertinent analysis of this phenomenon is required, in order to bring the necessary restructuring in order to optimize school activity and prevent conflict management between students belonging to different cultures, being known the fact that the more elaborate the interaction, the more effective and productive it becomes.


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