scholarly journals Apraxia verbal: una patología multidimensional

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Natalia Melle Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech

Acquired apraxia of speech is an alteration of the production of speech that results of a cerebral wound. In the last ten years it has enlarged the interest by the description and understanding of its nature. Therefore, different centered lines of study in several aspects have arisen. These are: the neuropathological bases, the processes cognitivo-motors and the verbal conducts of the apraxia of speech. This paper presents relevant concepts of neuroanatomy, psycholingüistic and motor control of speech models, and perceptual, acoustic and physiologic analyses of apraxia of speech.

Acoustic Patterns of Apraxia of Speech

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Kent ◽  
John C. Rosenbek
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Motor Programming ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reduced Intensity

Apraxia of speech (or verbal apraxia) is a controversial disorder, considered by some to be an impairment of the motor programming of speech. Because the disorder is characterized by "higher orderrdquo; errors such as metathesis and segment addition as well as by errors of apparent dyscoordination of articulation, it seems to reflect a relatively high level of damage to the nervous system. This report presents acoustic descriptions of the speech of seven persons diagnosed as having apraxia of speech but without severe aphasic impairmaent, especially agrammatism. The acoustic results indicate a variety of segmental and prosodic atmormalities, including slow speaking rate with prolongations of transitions, steady states, and intersyllable pauses; reduced intensity variation across syllables; slow and inaccurate movements of the articulators; incoordination of voicing with other articulations; initiation difficulties; and errors of selection or sequencing of segments. These error patterns are discussed with respect to a theory of motor control based on spatial-temporal schemata. In addition, consideration is given to the controversy about phonologic versus motor programming impairment in apraxia of speech.

Differential Diagnosis between Apraxia and Dysarthria Based on Acoustic Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Melle ◽  
Carlos Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Planning Processes

Acoustic analysis provides objective quantitative measures of speech that enable a comprehensive and accurate understanding of motor disorders and complement the traditional measures. This paper aims to distinguish between normal and pathological speech, more specifically between apraxia of speech and spastic dysarthria in native Spanish speaking patients using acoustic parameters. Participants (4 aphasic with apraxia of speech, 4 with spastic dysarthria, and 15 without speech disorders) performed three different tasks: repeating the syllable sequence [pa-ta-ka], repeating the isolated syllable [pa] and repeating the vowel sequence [i-u]. The results showed that the normative values of motor control, in general, coincide with those obtained in previous research on native English speakers. They also show that damage to motor control processes results in a decrease in the rate of alternating and sequential movements and an increase in the inter-syllabic time for both types of movements. A subset of the acoustic parameters analyzed, those that measure motor planning processes, enable differentiation between normal population and apraxic and dysarthric patients, and between the latter. The differences between the pathological groups support the distinction between motor planning and motor programming as described by van der Merwe's model of sensorimotor processing (1997).

How the Study of Speech Motor Control Can Inform Assessment and Intervention in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Case ◽  
Maria Grigos
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose The study of speech motor control has led to great advancements in the current understanding of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). There remains a significant need to bridge the gap between theory and practice to fully understand the clinical implications of past research. Method This review article reviews the speech motor control research in CAS and discusses how these works have offered key information about the underlying motor deficits (Grigos et al., 2015; Terband et al., 2019), the influence of structured practice on speech performance (Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018), and the role of task complexity (Case, 2019; Case & Grigos, 2016; Grigos & Case, 2018). We highlight salient points from this existing literature and clinical implications to the assessment and treatment of CAS. Conclusion The study of speech motor control has shed light on a number of key factors related to CAS. Even within perceptually accurate speech, children with CAS display differences in movement patterning and timing control. Assessment must aim to more directly tax speech motor skills to obtain a thorough and accurate illustration of production deficits. Intervention is challenged with the task of not only improving production accuracy but also facilitating more efficient motor planning and programming. Motor-based intervention that applies motor learning principles and introduces variability across motor, phonetic, and prosodic contexts is believed to achieve this goal, though research is needed to better understand changes in speech motor control with treatment.

scholarly journals Atraso motor de fala não especificado: revisão integrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2249108480
Author(s):  
Gabriela Brum dos Santos ◽  
Marileda Barichello Gubiani ◽  
Leticia Arruda Nóro ◽  
Helena Bolli Mota
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o atraso motor de fala não especificado, como ele é avaliado e ainda como se diferencia de outras desordens motoras da fala. Estratégia de pesquisa: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se a busca nas bases SciELO, PubMed, Medine e Scopus no mês de novembro de 2019. Para as quatro bases foram utilizados os seguintes construtos e descritores: “motor speech disorders” OR “childhood apraxia of speech” OR “childhood apraxia of speech cas” OR “developmental dyspraxia” OR “speech sound disorder” AND “speech motor control”, além da utilização de dois filtros: sujeitos até 18 anos e humanos. Critérios de seleção: Artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol foram incluídos, sendo ou não de periódicos de acesso livre. Foram excluídos artigos que não estavam relacionados ao atraso motor de fala não especificado e estudos de revisão de literatura. Resultados: Foram encontrados56 artigos nas bases de dados, sendo 33 da base Scopus, 19 da PubMed, 3 da SciElo e 1 da Medline. Após análise e seleção pelos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 14 estudos. Posteriormente a leitura integral dos artigos, 8 estudos foram excluídos, pois não respondiam as perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa, obtendo-se um n de 6 estudos. Conclusão: Muitas crianças com atraso significativo na fala são diagnosticadas erroneamente, sendo o DMS-NOS a desordem de maior prevalência na infância.

Oral Structure Nonspeech Motor Control in Normal, Dysarthric, Aphasic and Apraxic Speakers

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm R. McNeil ◽  
Gary Weismer ◽  
Scott Adams ◽  
Moira Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Ataxic Dysarthria ◽  
Conduction Aphasia

This study investigated the isometric force and static position control of the upper lip, lower lip, tongue, jaw, and finger in four subject groups (normal control, apraxia of speech, conduction aphasia, and ataxic dysarthria) at two force and displacement levels. Results from both the force and position tasks suggested that the apraxic and dysarthric groups tended to produce significantly greater instability than the normal group, although the pattern of instability across articulators was not systematic within or across the force and position experiments for subjects within or between groups. The conduction aphasic group produced force and position stability that typically was not significantly different from any of the remaining three groups, suggesting that their force and position stability as indexed in the present study fell somewhere between that of the normal group and the apraxic and dysarthric groups. It is suggested that other analyses of force and position control, such as descriptive accounts of the trial-by-trial time histories, might shed additional light on the speech and orofacial sensorimotor control deficits in persons with apraxia, dysarthria, and conduction aphasia.

Developmental Apraxia of Speech

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Developmental Apraxia

DAS is a motor control problem in which the purposeful production of speech is faulty. The underlying problem affects movement control of the speech-production musculature for speech and non-speech activities. Diagnostic criteria for DAS should be based on the speech and motor control problems manifested by these children, and not other language or cognitive symptoms, even though these frequently co-occur with the apraxia. Treatment programs should be based on the development of motor skills and, as such, adhere closely to the principles of motor learning.

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