scholarly journals Should we expect an increase in corporate espionage in the pharmaceutical industry of tomorrow?

Revizor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (91-92) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Milorad Stamenović
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Determining Factor

Corporate espionage is a process of obtaining classified information from business competitors for economic reasons and gaining an advantage over the competition. This paper is presenting an analysis of industry growth, investments in R&D and the total value of the investment estimating the possible existence of trends and activities of corporate espionage in the drug development industry. Some authors analyze the cost-effectiveness of corporate espionage compared to investing in R&D, which if shows efficient - might be determining factor in broadening prohibited activities. The results of the analysis show that growing of corporate espionage might be expected in the future due to the growing impact of these industries on society.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Cost Components in Select Pharmaceutical Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The purpose in this paper is to identify the cost components which are vital in consideration towards manufacturing especially in pharmaceutical companies. The manufacturing costs are significant in total expenses in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a thorough investigation on the cost components and the trend in expenses and operating profit of pharma companies are studied, giving due regard to cost components to have understanding and to find out how they may differ among various types of pharma companies. The data published in the annual reports from 2009 to 2018 of top five pharmaceutical companies based on their annual revenues has been selected for further diagnosis. The analysis reveals that manufacturing costs are different for all the five companies. The study also reveals that there is a considerable indication that the companies are conscious on the much-needed health benefits to the society in the future at an affordable cost

scholarly journals Incorporating Pharmacometrics into Pharmacoeconomic Models: Applications from Drug Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1031-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Srinivasan ◽  
Annesha White ◽  
Ayyappa Chaturvedula ◽  
Valvanera Vozmediano ◽  
Stephan Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Pricing And Reimbursement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Pharmacometrics is the science of quantifying the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in combination with disease models and trial information to aid in drug development and dosing optimization for clinical practice. Considering the variability in the dose–concentration–effect relationship of drugs, an opportunity exists in linking pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model-based estimates with pharmacoeconomic models. This link may provide early estimates of the cost effectiveness of drug therapies, thus informing late-stage drug development, pricing, and reimbursement decisions. Published case studies have demonstrated how integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic models can complement traditional pharmacoeconomic analyses by identifying the impact of specific patient sub-groups, dose, dosing schedules, and adherence on the cost effectiveness of drugs, thus providing a mechanistic basis to predict the economic value of new drugs. Greater collaboration between the pharmacoeconomics and pharmacometrics community can enable methodological improvements in pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic models to support drug development.

scholarly journals Pharmaceuticals, Political Money, and Public Policy: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Pharmaceutical Policy ◽  
Campaign Contributions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Policy Problems ◽  
Selective Information ◽  
Powerful Interest

The point, for the 946,326th time is that people get elected to office by currying the favor of powerful interest groups. They don’t get elected for their excellence as political philosophers.Congress has consistently failed to solve some serious problems with the cost, effectiveness, and safety of pharmaceuticals. In part, this failure results from the pharmaceutical industry convincing legislators to define policy problems in ways that protect industry profits. By targeting campaign contributions to influential legislators and by providing them with selective information, the industry manages to displace the public’s voice in developing pharmaceutical policy.

Medical Innovation Then and Now: Perspectives of Innovators Responsible for Transformative Drugs

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Xu ◽  
Aaron S. Kesselheim
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Medical Innovation ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Current State ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ongoing Concern

The discovery and development of new therapeutics has always been central to improving health worldwide. However, there is ongoing concern regarding the current state of medical innovation. Output from the pharmaceutical industry has been criticized for not being “transformative,” that is, offering substantial improvements in patient outcomes over existing therapeutics. While the cost of drug development continues to rise, breakthrough therapies remain elusive and one half of Phase 3 studies fail. Venture capital, a traditional source of funding for new breakthrough biomedical innovations, has decreased investment by 30% in the biotechnology and medical device sectors from 2007 to 2013. Stakeholders question whether the new drugs approved each year by the FDA —many criticized as marginal improvements over existing therapies — justify the enormous investment.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT OF WATERCOLOR PAINTING FOR STUDENTS-ARCHITECTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Olena Bilhorodska ◽  
Valentina Hrihorieva
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Graphic Sign

The article considers that watercolor technique is the most advanced one for the transfer of living architectural forms of structures in the drawing. Drawings of architectural projects should give a full understanding of the correct purpose, about the cost-effectiveness, strength and beauty of the future building. Therefore, drawings must be clear, understandable, expressive, their graphic performance must be based on the high foundations of realistic art. Watercolor is a professional and traditional visual means of an architect. Watercolor is an amazing material that combines the ability to comprehend both the pictorial, color organization of the image and the graphic, sign-tonal one. The architect, referring to the picturesque development of the drawing, first of all, must determine its purpose and choose from all the numerous visual techniques of watercolor painting those that will better contribute to the expressiveness of this drawing. Then they will be correctly used: the perfect visual equipment, a large arsenal of tools, a wide range of techniques, a large palette of colors, various possibilities of tools and materials. These features allow you to cope with multitasking in a wide variety of visual arts. The main features of watercolor painting are high airiness and transparency. However, architectural watercolor has its own specific conventions, some generalization, laconicism, business simplicity, clarity, a certain limited palette of colors, but at the same time it successfully fulfills its task only when it proceeds from the position of realistic painting.Such watercolor techniques as: “wet”, “dry”, “glaze”, “ά la prima” are considered The technique of watercolor painting is a visual reflection of the main theoretical postulates of the composite space organization on the plane. Watercolor techniques solve these problems and clearly show the interaction of tonal and color characteristics of all elements of the composition.

The Research on the Evaluation to the Cost-Effectiveness for Economies of the Logistics Transportation Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 1015-1021
Author(s):  
Zhong Min Fang ◽  
Zhi Ya Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Network System ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
The Future ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

In the article, the economies of scale of the logistics transportation network was chosen as the evaluation tools, and then the logistics transportation network system was decomposed and the mathematics covariance method was applied to build up its model for the first time. Finally, The results show that there exists the economies of scale and get the methods to obtain it. This method provides a new way of thinking and method to analyze the economies of network of the logistics transportation network for the future.

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