scholarly journals Testing for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Dušan Popadić
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Application ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This review article describes the principles and implications of certain tests for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections. The advantages and disadvantages of certain tests, both those in routine diagnostic application and those that have primarily research significance, are discussed. Also, a review of the practice of reporting results is given, as well as recommendations for its improvement.

A review of flexible electric heating element and electric heating garments

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096827
Author(s):  
Shu Fang ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Haisu Ni ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Li Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Heating ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Passive Heating ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Smart Garments ◽  
Material Preparation ◽  
Electric Heating Element

Electric heating garment can improve the thermal comfort for people living and working in cold environment. Compared with passive heating materials, electrical heating shows dominant advantages on reusability, controlled temperature, safety and so on. This review article systematically introduced the material preparation, electric-thermal properties, advantages and disadvantages of the existing flexible heating elements, and elaborated the research and application progress of smart garments in detail, providing reference for the research of flexible heating elements and smart garments. And the existing challenges and the possible future perspectives were also discussed.

New Trends in Asymptotic Approaches: Summation and Interpolation Methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor V. Andrianov ◽  
Jan Awrejcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Solid Mechanics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Asymptotic Methods ◽  
Perturbation Series ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Local Character

In this review article, we present in some detail new trends in application of asymptotic techniques to mechanical problems. First we consider the various methods which allows for the possibility of extending the perturbation series application space and hence omiting their local character. While applying the asymptotic methods very often the following situation appears: an existence of the asymptotics ε → 0 implies an existence of the asymptotics ε → ∞ (or, in a more general sense, ε → a and ε → b). Therefore, an idea of constructing a single solution valid for a whole interval of parameter ε changes is very attractive. In other words, we discuss a problem of asymptotically equivalent function constructions possessing for ε → a and ε → b a known asymptotic behavior. The defined problems are very important from the point of view of both theoretical and applied sciences. In this work, we review the state-of-the-art, by presenting the existing methods and by pointing out their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the fields of their applications. In addition, some new methods are also proposed. The methods are demonstrated on a wide variety of static and dynamic solid mechanics problems and some others involving fluid mechanics. This review article contains 340 references.

scholarly journals HIV INFECTION CURE STRATEGIES: BASIC METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND DIFFICULTIES OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
M. R. Bobkova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Functional Cure ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Hiv Eradication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principal Directions ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The review article is devoted to the state-of-the-art of eradication and functional cure of HIV infection. The issues related to the history of the discovery, characteristics and origin of the main HIV reservoirs, possible approaches to their elimination, exam- ples of the clinical cure of HIV infection and the principal directions of developing tools for targeted destruction of latently infect- ed HIV cell reservoirs are discussed shortly. The circle of methodological approaches for measuring the reservoirs volume is outlined; their advantages and disadvantages are characterized. The procedure for HIV eradication agents’ clinical trials, including the period of analytical interruption of antiretroviral therapy, is described.

scholarly journals Surgical modalities of treatment in vitiligo

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Vishal Thakur ◽  
Vignesh Narayan R ◽  
Keshavamurthy Vinay ◽  
Sunil Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Recipient Site ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Proper Patient Selection ◽  
Immune Attack ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Vitiligo is an acquired disorder of depigmentation that is associated with immense stigma and psychological burden. Although there is a myriad of options available for therapy, the repigmentation is best achieved with surgical modalities for stable disease. Once the immune attack on melanocyte is halted, surgery can be undertaken. The principles of surgery may be to introduce artificial pigment, stimulate melanocyte proliferation and migration, removal of depigmented areas or repopulation of depleted melanocytes. Broadly these can be divided into grafting, non-grafting techniques, camouflage and excision. The grafting techniques are further divided into cellular and tissue grafts. The advantage of the former being a greater donor to recipient ratio, however with added cost and equipment requirement. Grafting techniques have undergone various innovations, be it in harvesting, recipient site preparation or dressing, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. New innovations continue to crop up, including the use of stem cells and regulatory T-cell modulation. A well performed surgery is incomplete if it was not done without proper patient selection, counseling and preparation. This review article briefly outlines the various techniques; pre, intra and post-operative intricacies and the innovations in each.

scholarly journals Hydrogel: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Nautiyal ◽  
Nandini Sahu ◽  
Diksha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Large Molecular Weight

This review article is intended to provide an overview of hydrogel as novel vesicular drug delivery system.For the treatment of many diseases large molecular weight proteins are required. These can be available with the availability of Hydrogels. Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks, which are able to imbibe large amounts of water or biological fluids, and thus resemble, to a large extent, a biological tissue. They are insoluble due to the presence of chemical (tie-points, junctions) and/or physical crosslinks such as entanglements and crystallites. It has focused on to present a concise review on the applications of hydrogels in the pharmaceutical field, hydrogel properties, method of preparation of hydrogel, advantages and disadvantages of hydrogel, characterization of hydrogel.

scholarly journals Current concept of the surgery-first orthognathic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
Jong-Woo Choi ◽  
Jang-Yeol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Surgery First

Traditional orthognathic surgery has long been performed after presurgical orthodontic treatment. Despite some concerns, the surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFOA) or surgery-first approach (SFA) without presurgical orthodontic treatment has gradually gained popularity. In recent years, several articles dealing with the concepts of the SFA have been published worldwide. However, the SFA has not yet been standardized, and many surgeons use slightly different protocols and concepts. This review article discusses the beginning and evolution of the SFA and its current concepts, including some opinions based on the authors’ clinical experiences over the last 15 years. According to recent investigations, the SFA could be applied effectively in several situations including class III malocclusion, class II malocclusion, and facial asymmetry. However, debate on the SFA continues and many issues remain to be resolved. This review article addresses the current issues regarding the SFOA, including its advantages and disadvantages, as well as its indications and contraindications. The authors summarize various aspects of the SFA and expect that this review article will help surgeons and orthodontists better understand the current status of the SFA.

scholarly journals Online Assessments: Their Importance in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
G. D. D. T. Karunarathne ◽  
L. Wijewardene
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Online Assessment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Online Assessments ◽  
Information And Communication

The main purpose of this review article is to deliberate on online assessments, the advantages and disadvantages of e-assessments, and their importance in the higher education sector, in the post-COVID era. Online assessments are the collection of tasks that are made by educational instructors in order to evaluate student performance, using Information and Communication Technologies. There are different types of techniques to conduct e-assessments, which result in different rewards and shortcomings. However, this article delivers the strategies that can be used to eliminate the downsides of online assessment.

Comparative Analysis of Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 449-458
Author(s):  
Khalid Parwez ◽  
Arun A. Bhagwath ◽  
Sapna Kannan ◽  
Mohammed Tarique ◽  
Asif Zawed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Leptospirosis is a febrile illness caused by the Leptospira, which is a highly motile, spirochete threadlike thin rod bacteria having a hook-like structure on both ends. This causes nearly 58990 deaths worldwide every year. They are most commonly found in rodents and can be transferred by cuts and abrasions in the body, mucous membranes or conjunctivae, or aerosol inhalation of microscopic droplets. Entry in the body lead to entry in blood circulation, different organs will be targeted. This review article explains current methodologies for the detection of Leptospira and the need for an early diagnostic tool. Leptospirosis can be treated if diagnosed in the early stage of infection. This review article consists of current methodologies used for the detection of Leptospira, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used. Moreover, the need for an early diagnostic tool for the exposure of Leptospirosis in the acute phase is given importance. Even though the gold standard method MAT is used for confirmatory, culture preservation and other things are hectic, laborious. Currently, the molecular techniques used for the early detection of Leptospira needs experienced personnel and sophisticated instrument for the performance which is quite challenging to be found in the rural or undeveloped places. The need for sciences to come together is mentioned, where the innovative collaboration of physical sciences like Nanotechnology meets Microbiology which will lead to the innovation of some highly specific tools for the detection of diseases. The review article contains the useful methodology for the cultivation and detection by the conventional method, which will bring out innovation by modifications or by generating ideas that can be used for the diagnosis.

Materials Acceptable for Gas Sensor Design: Advantages and Limitations

2018 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghenadii Korotcenkov ◽  
Vladimir Brinzari ◽  
M.H. Ham
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Sensor Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The comparisons of materials that can be used in gas sensors, as well as an analysis of their advantages and disadvantages for this application are carried out in this review article.

scholarly journals OvSynch protocol and its modifications in the reproduction management of dairy cattle herds – an update

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Nowicki ◽  
Wojciech Barański ◽  
Agnieszka Baryczka ◽  
Tomasz Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Oestrus Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Reproduction Management ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract Current knowledge about the function of the reproductive tract and appropriate use of hormonal drugs affords control of the oestrus cycle of cows. One of the hormonal protocols is OvSynch, which enables artificial insemination (AI) to be performed at the precise optimum time without control of the ovaries and uterus. Use of such protocols in reproductive management allows oestrus cycles to be synchronised and cows to be effectively inseminated without oestrous detection, which is time-consuming and difficult in farms with numerous cows. Therefore, OvSynch has become the first management tool for AI and is an alternative method to heat detection. Over the 20 years since its first implementation, OvSynch has been modified many times to improve its reproduction outcomes and widen its use. Besides its original use for heat synchronisation, it is also used in many ovarian disorders as a therapeutic method. This review article describes the possibilities which OvSynch provides, its current modifications, various applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in practice.

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