scholarly journals Valorisation of egg shell ash as a potential replacement for lime in stabilization of expansive soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
Priya Jothi ◽  
P. Karthika ◽  
S. Kokila ◽  
V. Vidyasagar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Egg Shell

The investigation focussed on the possibility of replacing lime in soil stabilization using Egg Shell Ash (ESA), a waste derived from poultry industry. An expansive soil was characterized for its properties in the lab. The minimum lime content required for modification of soil properties was determined from the Eades and Grim pH test. This lime content came out to be 3%. The lime content was replaced using ESA in the proportions of 33%, 50%, 67% and 100%. Unconfined compression test specimens of dimension 38 mm x 76 mm were cast for different combinations and were cured for periods of 3, 7 and 28 days. Samples were also subjected to 1, 3 and 5 cycles of wetting and drying to understand its durability. After the designated curing periods and cycles of wetting and drying, they were strained axially till failure. Atterberg limits tests were done to determine the plasticity of the stabilized soil. The strength results indicated that ESA cannot be used under normal conditions as a replacement for lime, however, ESA replacement resulted in good durability of the specimens under conditions of wetting and drying. It was concluded that ESA replacement of lime can be adopted in conditions of wetting and drying.

scholarly journals Stabilization of Expansive Soils Using Polypropylene Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Adnan Hussein ◽  
Haifaa Abd Al-Rasool Ali
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Dry Soil

Current research main aim is to study the effect of adding polypropylene fiber (PPF) on the behavior of expansive soil to reduce the swelling as percentage (0.5, 1 and 2%) of the weight of dry soil. Expansive soil used in this research was prepared artificially by mixing Ca-based bentonite from geological survey and mining company with sandy soil brought from Karbala city as percentage 80% bentonite to 20% sand of dry weight. Multiple laboratory tests have been carried are (Unconfined Compression Test, One-Dimensional Consolidation Test, Swelling Test, Sieve Analysis and Cycle Swell Shrink Test). A conventional odometer cell was modified to allow the study of swell- shrink cycle test to be carried out under controlled temperatures and surcharge pressure. The results showed that the increase in percentage of (PPF) led to decrease the swelling and to increase the unconfined compression strength. The wetting and drying results of (PPF) showed that with continuous cycles the effect of (PPF) keeps on reducing the swelling and the 2% of (PPF) produces less ratio of swell - shrink, which has obtained higher than 57 % in the improvement factor of swell and shrink.

scholarly journals Post Stabilization Performance of Lime Stabilized Soil Admixed with Press Mud

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9198-9202 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Expansive Clays ◽  
Stabilized Soil

In this study the investigational results obtained in the laboratory on expansive soils treated with low-cost materials i.e, lime and press mud are used. It is conducted to check the signs of progress in the properties of expansive soil with Press Mud and lime in varying percentages. The test results such as the Unconfined compression test, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, hydrometer analysis and pH obtained on expansive clays mixed with different proportions of lime and press mud are presented and discussed in this work. From the demonstrated result the addition of Press mud with lime in soil stabilization improves the Unconfined Compressive strength of the soil when compared to lime stabilization alone. The index properties of the soil have also been marginally improved due to the addition of Press mud as an admixture.

scholarly journals STABILISASI TANAH EKSPANSIF MENGGUNAKAN KAPUR DAN SPENT CATALYST UNTUK TANAH DASAR PERKERASAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Arifudin Nur ◽  
Suryo Hapsoro Tri Utomo ◽  
M. Zudhy Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Petroleum Processing ◽  
Spent Catalyst ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Spent Catalysts

Abstract Expansive soils have high swelling and shrinkage potentials, which may cause damage to road structures. Therefore, stabilization is required. One method of stabilization is to use lime and spent catalysts with the aim of increasing carrying capacity and reducing swelling. Spent catalyst is a petroleum processing waste and classified as pozzolanic material. The addition of lime and spent catalysts can increase the CBR value and reduce swelling of soils. The results of this study indicate that the maximum increase in soaked CBR and unsoaked CBR values occurred in soil mixtures with optimum lime content and 12% spent catalyst with 7 days of curing. While the soil mixture with optimum lime content and 12% spent catalyst, with 7 days of curing, is the best mixture that produces soaked CBR value of 49.67%, swelling of 0.15%, and plasticity index value of 11.97%, so the soil meets the requirements to be used as pavement subgrade. Keywords: expansive soil, stabilization, road structure, subgrade, road pavement  Abstrak Tanah ekspansif memiliki potensi pengembangan dan penyusutan yang tinggi, sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur jalan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Salah satu metode stabilisasi adalah menggunakan kapur dan spent catalyst dengan tujuan meningkatkan kapasitas dukung dan menurunkan swelling. Spent catalyst merupakan limbah pengolahan minyak bumi dan termasuk bahan pozzolan. Penam-bahan kapur dan spent catalyst mampu meningkatkan nilai CBR dan mereduksi swelling. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan maksimum nilai CBR soaked maupun CBR unsoaked terjadi pada campuran tanah dengan kadar kapur optimum dan 12% spent catalyst dengan peraman 7 hari. Sedangkan campuran tanah dengan kadar kapur optimum dan 12% spent catalyst, dengan peraman 7 hari, merupakan campuran terbaik yang menghasilkan nilai CBR soaked sebesar 49,67%, swelling sebesar 0,15%, dan nilai indeks plastisitas sebesar 11,97%, sehingga tanah memenuhi syarat untuk digunakan sebagai tanah dasar perkerasan jalan. Kata-kata kunci: tanah ekspansif, stabilisasi, struktur jalan, tanah dasar, perkerasan jalan

scholarly journals WETTING AND DRYING RESISTANCE OF LIME-STABILIZED EXPANSIVE SOILS MODIFIED WITH NANO-ALUMINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
◽  
S V Sivapriya ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
T R Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Strength And Durability

Weak soil at construction sites necessitates ground improvement. Chemical stabilization is typically carried out using either lime or cement. The primary objective of this study was to assess the strength and durability of lime-stabilized soils modified with nano-alumina (NA). This study adopted the scientifically established initial consumption of lime (ICL) content for soil stabilization. In addition, nano-alumina was added in varying percentages as an auxiliary additive. It was observed that 0.5 % of nano-alumina was optimal with respect to the ICL for maximizing the soil stabilization. The stabilized soils were cured for 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. Post-curing testing revealed that the strength increased sixfold for the optimal combination, compared with the virgin soil. To understand the durability behavior of the optimal combination, the stabilized soil specimens were subjected to wetting and drying cycles after 28 days of curing. The optimal combination was nearly as durable as that of the lime-stabilized soil subjected to five cycles of wetting and drying.

scholarly journals Analysis of shear strength of the expansive soil stabilized with kaolin at various soaking times

2021 ◽  
Vol 878 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
R P W Gultom ◽  
R M Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Unconfined Compression Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Dry Soil

Abstract Expansive clay soils are high shrinkage soils that have low bearing capacity. So an effort is needed to reduce the nature of its swelling. One effort that can be done is the method of soil stabilization, where the soil is mixed with materials that can reduce soil swelling and increase the shear strength of the soil. One of the materials that can be used is kaolin powder. Kaolin is a stabilizing agent found in nature so it is easy to obtain. The purpose of this research is to analyse the decrease of expansive soil swelling and the value of its unconfined compression strength at various soaking times. The test was carried out by mixing 9% kaolin powder against dry soil weight. The stabilized soils were then compacted as samples to be soaked with time variations of 0 days, 3 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days. The results of the test after soaking 14 days is a decrease of the stabilized soil swelling value up to 67.78%. The unconfined compression strength is increase up to 77.28% compared to its natural condition.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Use of Cement, Gypsum, and Limestone on the Improvement of Clay through Unconfined Compression Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Ika Puji Hastuty
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Limestone Soil ◽  
Materials Used

Soil stabilization is an effort to improve soil properties by adding additives in the soil to increase the soil strength and maintain the shear strength of the soil. There are many materials which can be used as stabilizers. The materials used in this study were cement, gypsum, and limestone, then the compressive strength values were compared by using the Unconfined Compression Test (UCT). The mixture combinations used in this study were 1% to 10% of cement, gypsum, and limestone on clay by curing for 14 days. The compressive strength value resulted from the unconfined compression test on the original soil sample was 1.4 kg/cm2. The original soil was classified as moderately sensitive soil because the sensitivity value of the original soil was 2. After being stabilized with various mixtures of cement, gypsum, and limestone, soil stabilization using cement obtained the maximum unconfined compressive strength value is 3.681 kg/cm2 in the mixture of 10%. Similarly, the soil stabilization using limestone and gypsum also obtained its maximum unconfined compressive strength value in the mixture of 10% is 3.307 kg/cm2 and 2.975 kg/cm2, respectively.

scholarly journals Plasticity, Swell-Shrink, and Microstructure of Phosphogypsum Admixed Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
P. Kasinatha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Microstructural Study ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Index Tests

The study involved utilization of an industrial waste, Phosphogypsum (PG), as an additive to lime stabilization of an expansive soil. Three lime dosages, namely, initial consumption of lime (ICL), optimum lime content (OLC), and less than ICL (LICL), were identified for the soil under study for stabilizing the soil. Along with lime, varying doses of PG were added to the soil for stabilization. The effect of stabilization was studied by performing index tests, namely, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, and free swell test, on pulverized remains of failed unconfined compression test specimens. The samples were also subjected to a microstructural study by means of scanning electron microscope. Addition of PG to lime resulted in improvement in the plasticity and swell-shrink characteristics. The microstructural study revealed the formation of a dense compact mass of stabilized soil.

scholarly journals On the Recent Trends in Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Calcium-Based Stabilizer Materials (CSMs): A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal E. Jalal ◽  
Yongfu Xu ◽  
Babak Jamhiri ◽  
Shazim Ali Memon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Calcium-based stabilizer materials (CSMs) exhibit pozzolanic properties which improve the properties of clayey soils by hydration, cation exchange, flocculation, pozzolanic reaction, and carbonation. In this comprehensive review, comprising over past three decades from 1990 to 2019, a mechanistic literature of expansive soil stabilization by incorporating CSMs is presented by reviewing 183 published research articles. The advantages and disadvantages of CSMs as the ground stabilizing agent are succinctly presented, and the major outcomes of physicochemical effects on soil properties are discussed in detail. After blending with CSM, the main and interaction effects on soil properties with focus on chemical processes such as X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction analyses, and microstructure interaction by using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis have been reviewed in light of findings of past researchers. This work will help geotechnical engineers to opt for suitable CSM in the field of geoenvironmental engineering in committing to sustainable construction of civil engineering structures over expansive soils.

scholarly journals Bagasse Ash as an Auxiliary Additive to Lime Stabilization of an Expansive Soil: Strength and Microstructural Investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jijo James ◽  
P. Kasinatha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

The study dealt with the effect of addition of sugarcane bagasse ash (BA) on the strength development of a lime stabilized expansive soil. Unlike previous investigations with combinations of lime and BA, this study compares the effect of lime contents determined by scientifically established procedures and the effect of BA on the stabilization of lime at different proportions with additional microstructural investigations. The minimum lime content required for stabilization known as initial consumption of lime (ICL) was determined using the Eades and Grim pH test as 5.5%. The optimum lime content (OLC) was determined using unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests as 7%. Another lime content less than ICL was randomly adopted as 3%. The three lime contents were mixed with 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% BA. UCS samples of dimension 38 mm × 76 mm were prepared at a fixed dry density and moisture content and cured for periods of 2 hours (0 days), 3, 7, 14, and 28 days to study the development of strength and effect of BA. Mineralogical and microstructural analyses were performed on the pulverized UCS samples after failure. The results revealed that the addition of BA increased the immediate, early, and delayed strength of lime stabilized soil further, even when the lime content was lower than ICL. Addition of BA produced maximum immediate, early, and delayed strength gains of 58.3%, 20.7%, and 32.7%, respectively. Higher proportion of BA was required when lime content was above ICL, for maximum strength. Addition of BA resulted in better utilization of quartz in lime-soil reactions leading to formation of CSH and CAH minerals. A dense compact matrix was seen on analyzing the microstructure of the stabilized soil composite.

scholarly journals The Use of Geogrids in Mitigating Pavement Defects on Roads Built over Expansive Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Shumbusho ◽  
Gurmel S. Ghataora ◽  
Michael P.N. Burrow ◽  
Digne R. Rwabuhungu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Swelling Potential ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Potential Benefits

This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of using geogrids in mitigating pavement defects notably roughness and longitudinal cracking on pavements built over expansive soils. The seasonal changes of expansive soils (periodic wetting and drying) cause detrimental effects on the overlying road pavements. Such detrimental behavior of expansive soils was simulated in a controlled laboratory environment through allowing cyclic wetting and drying of an expansive soil underlying a pavement section. The shrink/swell effects of the expansive soil subgrade were examined through monitoring its change in moisture, and measuring deformation of overlying pavement section. The experimental study suggested that a geogrid layer in a reinforced pavement section can reduce surface differential shrinking and swelling deformation resulting from underlying expansive soils by a factor of 2 and 3 respectively in comparison to unreinforced section. Given that an oedometer test which is typically used to predict swelling potential of expansive soils is known to overpredict in-situ soil swell, experimental program also investigated quantitatively the extent to which the oedometer can overestimate swelling behaviour of the real-field scenarios. It was found that oedometer percent swell can overpredict in-situ swelling behaviour of the expansive soil by a factor ranging between 2 and 10 depending upon the period over which the in-situ expansive soil has been in contact with water.

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