scholarly journals Zinc-quercetin complex: From determination to bioactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (50) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Snežana Uskoković-Marković ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Leposava Pavun
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Equimolar Solution ◽  
Antioxidative Ability

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds widely present in the herbal world and playing an important role in the human diet. The flavanol quercetin makes up 70% of the total daily intake of flavonoids. Quercetin is able to complex with many metal ions, and it exhibits potent antioxidative ability. Using the equimolar solution variation method, it was confirmed that quercetin makes a complex with the zinc(II) ion at pH 5.25, in a stoichiometric ratio quercetin:zinc(II) ion = 2:1, with the absorption maximum l=363 nm. This fact was used to develop a simple, precise and accurate assay to determine the content of quercetin in various samples of heterogeneous composition. The proposed indirect spectrophotometric method can selectively determine quercetin in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6.0 mgL-1, with LOD and LOQ estimated as 0.03 mgL-1 and 0.1 mgL-1, respectively. The reliability of the proposed method was confirmed by a previously developed RP-HPLC/UV method. The proposed method was successfully used to determine the quercetin content in dietary supplement tablets, capsules and two onion extracts, with high reproducibility. The antioxidative ability of quercetin and the zinc(II)-quercetin complex was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. The same samples were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven laboratory control strains of bacteria and one strain of yeast. As a result of those tests, there are no obstacles to combine quercetin and zinc in the same supplement formulation.

Effects of level of concentrate on the eating behaviour and predicted hourly release of nutrients in the rumen of sheep fed grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
G.C. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Asynchronous Release ◽  
Micro Organisms

The pattern in which ruminants consume their daily allocation of forage may affect their total daily intake and the pattern of supply of energy and protein to the micro-organisms in the rumen. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen supply to the rumen has been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Sinclair et al. 1993, 1995). However, it remains unclear whether animals, when offered a feed with a predicted asynchronous release of nutrients, will alter their pattern of intake to achieve a synchronous supply. In addition, the provision of a concentrate may alter daily intake, hourly intake and the pattern of release of nutrients in the rumen. The objectives of the current experiment were to examine the effects of level of supplement on the pattern of intake and the predicted release of nutrients in the rumen in sheep fed grass silage.

scholarly journals Combining Selenium Biofortification with Vermicompost Growing Media in Lamb’s Lettuce (Valerianella locusta L. Laterr)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Lucija Galić ◽  
Marija Špoljarević ◽  
Alicja Auriga ◽  
Boris Ravnjak ◽  
Tomislav Vinković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Growing Medium

Leafy vegetables are a daily part of the human diet all over the world. At the same time, a worldwide problem of Se malnutrition is present in human populations, mostly due to low soil Se contents. As plants represent the main source of this element in the human diet, with Se being an essential trace element for humans and animals, plant foods containing Se can be used as an efficient means of increasing the Se in the human diet, as well as in animal feed (biofortification). At the same time, the production of growing media relies on limited peat reserves. The use of earthworms facilitates the production of composted organic masses mostly consisting of organic waste, called vermicompost. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different growing media (commercial peat media, vermicompost, and a 1:1 mixture) on Se biofortification’s efficacy and yield in lamb’s lettuce. The Se biofortification was performed with sodium selenate (Na2SeO4). It was shown that biofortification increased the Se contents such that a mass of only 48.9 g of fresh leaves contained enough Se for the recommended daily intake in human nutrition (55 µg Se/day), which represents a significant potential for solving Se malnutrition. Furthermore, the use of a 1:1 vermicompost–commercial substrate mixture showed a similar performance to the peat growing medium, contributing to the preservation of peat reserves.

Intake, growth and carcass characteristics of young ostriches given concentrates with and without pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nitzan ◽  
D. Barkai ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
S. Landau1
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractAlthough ostriches are herbivores, their diets in commercial farming in Israel consist mainly of concentrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative for fattening ostriches aged 10 to 30 weeks, which combines pasture with concentrate feeding. Chicks were allotted to three treatments. Diet of group C40 consisted of concentrate only, provided at 40 g/kg body mass (mb). Groups CG20 and CG30 received concentrate at 20 and 30 g/ kg mb, respectively, and grazed 4 to 6 h/day on lush green alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sown barley (Hordeum vulgare), natural pasture or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium). During the last 10 weeks of experiment, groups CG20 and CG30 were merged into one group, managed as CG20 and grazed natural pasture, sulla, alfalfa, or vetch (Vicia sativa). Ostriches from group CG20 and CG30 consumed 390 (s.e.30) g and 260 (s.e. 20) g DM per day at pasture, i.e. 0·46 and 0·28 of their total daily intake, respectively. Pasture intake for CG20 was higher (P < 0·05) than for CG30. Intake of pasture (both grazing treatments combined) was twice as much as on natural pasture or alfalfa as on barley. These results were consistent with the ostriches’ preference for forbs rather than grasses in the natural pasture. The mean organic matter digestibility was 0·84 (s.e. 0·01), ostriches gained at 347 (s.e. 13) g/day, and the food conversion ratio was 3·05 (s.e. 0·16), with no effect of group. Also, grazing did not affect the dressing rate (0·47, s.e. 0·015) or the size and mass of the different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract, with the exception of the glandular and muscular stomachs, which were proportionately 0·4 (P < 0·05) heavier in grazing birds. Lower (P < 0·05) fat content (33·8 v. 26·5 g/kg) but not tenderness, of a selected muscle (fibularis longus) was found for grazing birds. This study suggests that, in young ostriches, grazing lush green pasture may reduce concentrate intake by proportionately 0·4, without altering growth performance or carcass yield and quality.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Contamination in Shellfish: Benefit-Risk Evaluation in Central Italy

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
Francesca Barchiesi ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Mario Latini ◽  
Rossana Roila ◽  
Giuseppe Lediani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Bivalve Mollusks ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Consumption Benefit ◽  
Italian Coasts ◽  
Cadmium Lead

Seafood is a source of nutrients in human diet but also of environmental contaminants and its consumption could pose a risk to consumers’ health. A survey regarding the exposure to cadmium, lead and mercury through the consumption of bivalve mollusks, gastropods and sea urchins collected on Italian coasts was carried out among central Italian population over a period of three years. A limited number of samples exceeds the threshold set by legislation (6 samples) and the average level of contamination was low in all the species considered. The contribution Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was higher for cadmium (9.17%) than lead (1.44%) and mercury (0.20%). The benefit-risk evaluation suggests that the bivalve mollusks and sea urchins consumption (Benefit Risk Quotient < 1) could be increased without health detrimental effects.

Effects of level of concentrate on the eating behaviour and predicted hourly release of nutrients in the rumen of sheep fed grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
G.C. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Asynchronous Release ◽  
Micro Organisms

The pattern in which ruminants consume their daily allocation of forage may affect their total daily intake and the pattern of supply of energy and protein to the micro-organisms in the rumen. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen supply to the rumen has been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Sinclair et al. 1993, 1995). However, it remains unclear whether animals, when offered a feed with a predicted asynchronous release of nutrients, will alter their pattern of intake to achieve a synchronous supply. In addition, the provision of a concentrate may alter daily intake, hourly intake and the pattern of release of nutrients in the rumen. The objectives of the current experiment were to examine the effects of level of supplement on the pattern of intake and the predicted release of nutrients in the rumen in sheep fed grass silage.

scholarly journals HR-DOSY and sulfoxide enantiomeric discrimination by cyclodextrin

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Batista Borges ◽  
Antonio Laverde Jr. ◽  
André Luiz Meleiro Porto ◽  
Anita Jocelyne Marsaioli
Keyword(s):  
Chiral Recognition ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
Chiral Selector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Enantiomeric Resolution ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
C Nmr

Racemic and chiral ethyl-phenylsulfoxide (solute) andβ-cyclodextrin (chiral selector) were used to compare two NMR methodologies to predict RP-HPLC enantiomeric resolution efficiency. One of them based on the classical approach involving apparent binding constants and complexation‒induced chemical shifts at saturation and the other based on13C NMR signal splittings (solute and chiral selector in stoichiometric ratio) and HR-DOSY of the same solution. We have concluded that the latter methodology is rather efficient and though more elaborate from the NMR point of view, the results are promising and constitute an alternative method to investigate chiral recognition and other supramolecular phenomena.

A note on effects of glyphosate and quinine on the palatability of hay for sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jones ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Total Daily Intake

ABSTRACTSix sheep were used in a Latin-square experiment to investigate the effect of pre-harvest treatment of pasture with glyphosate (Roundup, a translocated herbicide) on the palatability of hay. Four hays were used: control (C), Roundup (R), quinine (Q, 100 mg/kg) and Roundup with quinine (QR). During each week one of the following choices was given to each animal: (a) C/C; (b) C/R; (c) R/R; (d) Q/C; (e) Q/R; and (f) C/QR. There were no significant effects of treatment on the proportion chosen or on total daily intake, mean meal size or rate of eating. It was concluded that neither pre-harvest treatment with Roundup nor post-harvest treatment with quinine affected the palatability of hay.

Factors affecting the intake and digestion of roughage by sheep fed maize straw supplemented with maize grain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope A. Henning ◽  
Yvonne Van Der Linden ◽  
Mary E. Mattheyse ◽  
Wilfried K. Nauhaus ◽  
Helen M. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Branched Chain

SummaryAfter a preliminary period in which they were all fed maize straw plus a proteinmineral supplement, 18 Merino wethers were divided into six groups and fed straw, proteins and minerals as before, plug pellets containing maize grain so that these constituted 0, 78, 156, 235, 313 and 393 g/kg of the total daily intake.The diets provided sufficient protein so that NH3and branched-chain volatile fatty acids were not limiting for growth of the fibre-digesting bacteria in the rumen.The intake of straw, the digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose, and the mass of cellulose and hemicellulose digested per day declined linearly as the proportion of pellets in the diet increased above 78 g/kg. This decline was not related to the pH of the ruminal contents which was unaffected by the feeding of up to and including 235g pellets/kg diet, and which, with one exception, was only 2–6 pH-hours below pH 6 when more grain was fed.As the proportion of pellets in the diet increased the number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen declined to an extent which correlated well with the decrease in mass of cellulose digested per day. There was no change in the relative proportions of the predominant genera.There was no decrease in the number of xylanolytic bacteria in the rumen as more pellets were fed, but there was an indication of a change in the predominant genera producing diffusible xylanases.It is concluded that some factor, in addition to nutrient limitation and pH, may play a role in the decrease in intake and digestion of roughage when starch is fed. It is suggested that starch or sugars derived from it mayper seinhibit the synthesis and/or activity of the rumen cellulases and hemicellulases.

Endocrine and peripartum behavioral responses of sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
G. P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding high-fiber diets during gestation on concentrations of prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2) and progesterone and on peripartum behavior of sows was studied. Eighty-five gilts were fed during two gestations a diet based either on corn-soybean (D1), corn cobs and wheat bran (D2) or oats and oat hulls (D3). The total daily intake of energy and protein was calculated to be similar for the three diets. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for PRL concentrations to be increased in sows fed D2. There was also a time × treatment interaction (P < 0.01) on E2, with the treatment effect being significant on days 35 and 112 of gestation and the treatment × parity interaction being significant at 24 h postpartum. Postural behaviors of the sows varied greatly in relation with time of farrowing and were also affected by parity. During the peripartum period, second parity sows fed D1 or D3 spent more time standing and less time lying on their side than first parity sows, but these differences were not observed when sows were fed D2. The present results indicate that sows fed the 10.1% CF diet (D2) throughout gestation tended to have greater concentrations of prolactin and also seemed calmer around parturition. Key words: Pig, fiber intake, bulky feeds, gestation, peripartum behavior, prolactin

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