Endocrine and peripartum behavioral responses of sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
C. L. Girard ◽  
G. P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding high-fiber diets during gestation on concentrations of prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2) and progesterone and on peripartum behavior of sows was studied. Eighty-five gilts were fed during two gestations a diet based either on corn-soybean (D1), corn cobs and wheat bran (D2) or oats and oat hulls (D3). The total daily intake of energy and protein was calculated to be similar for the three diets. There was a tendency (P = 0.08) for PRL concentrations to be increased in sows fed D2. There was also a time × treatment interaction (P < 0.01) on E2, with the treatment effect being significant on days 35 and 112 of gestation and the treatment × parity interaction being significant at 24 h postpartum. Postural behaviors of the sows varied greatly in relation with time of farrowing and were also affected by parity. During the peripartum period, second parity sows fed D1 or D3 spent more time standing and less time lying on their side than first parity sows, but these differences were not observed when sows were fed D2. The present results indicate that sows fed the 10.1% CF diet (D2) throughout gestation tended to have greater concentrations of prolactin and also seemed calmer around parturition. Key words: Pig, fiber intake, bulky feeds, gestation, peripartum behavior, prolactin

scholarly journals High-Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Characterized by More Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rachelle A. Pretorius ◽  
Debra J. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
High Fiber

Higher dietary fiber intakes during pregnancy may have the potential health benefits of increasing gut microbiome diversity, lowering the risk of glucose intolerance and pre-eclampsia, achieving appropriate gestational weight gain, and preventing constipation. In this observational cohort study, we have assessed the dietary fiber intakes of 804 women in late pregnancy, using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Overall, the median (interquartile range) dietary fiber intake was 24.1 (19.0–29.7) grams per day (g/day). Only 237/804 (29.5%) women met the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of dietary fiber during pregnancy of 28 g/day. Women consuming the highest quartile of fiber intakes (34.8 (IQR 32.1–39.5) g/day) consumed more fruit, especially apples and bananas, than women consuming the lowest quartile of fiber intakes (15.9 (IQR 14.4–17.5) g/day). These women in the highest fiber-intake quartile were older (p < 0.01), more had completed further education after secondary school (p = 0.04), and they also consumed more vegetables (67 g/day) compared to the women in the lowest fiber consumption quartile (17 g vegetables/day). Bread intakes of 39–42 g/day were consistent in quantities consumed across all four fiber-intake quartiles. Our findings suggest that antenatal education advice targeting increased fruit and vegetable consumption before and during pregnancy may be a simple strategy to achieve increased total dietary fiber intakes to reach recommended quantities.

Effects of level of concentrate on the eating behaviour and predicted hourly release of nutrients in the rumen of sheep fed grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
G.C. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Asynchronous Release ◽  
Micro Organisms

The pattern in which ruminants consume their daily allocation of forage may affect their total daily intake and the pattern of supply of energy and protein to the micro-organisms in the rumen. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen supply to the rumen has been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Sinclair et al. 1993, 1995). However, it remains unclear whether animals, when offered a feed with a predicted asynchronous release of nutrients, will alter their pattern of intake to achieve a synchronous supply. In addition, the provision of a concentrate may alter daily intake, hourly intake and the pattern of release of nutrients in the rumen. The objectives of the current experiment were to examine the effects of level of supplement on the pattern of intake and the predicted release of nutrients in the rumen in sheep fed grass silage.

Is Combination Therapy for Encopresis Nutritionally Safe?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-594
Author(s):  
H. Juhling McClung ◽  
Linda J. Boyne ◽  
Thomas Linsheid ◽  
Leo A. Heitlinger ◽  
Robert D. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Movement Frequency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bowel Movement Frequency ◽  
Fecal Soiling ◽  
Bowel Decompression

Chronic constipation accounts for 3% to 5% of pediatric primary care outpatient visits. The most severely affected of this group develop a flaccid colon insensitive to distention, and encopresis. Laxatives and lubricants have been the standard therapeutic agents during the bowel decompression phase of encopretic therapy. Fiber has been the cornerstone of maintenance programs. Each of these agents is accompanied by considerable anxiety in the lay literature. This study evaluates the safety of combined high-fiber, laxative, and lubricant therapy on bowel movement frequency, fecal soiling, and nutritional status over a 6-month period. Blood chemistry values, dietary fiber intake, defecation pattern, and a psychological profile were evaluated before and after the 6-month study. Biochemical and anthropometric indicators of nutritional status were not adversely affected by the therapy. Seventy-five percent of the children were able to remain free of soiling and the remaining 4 of 16 had soiling episodes reduced to a frequency of less than once a week. This study confirms that children with encopresis can respond to a combined program of increased fiber intake, laxatives, and mineral oil following a complete bowel cleanout, without experiencing deleterious effects.

Intake, growth and carcass characteristics of young ostriches given concentrates with and without pasture

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nitzan ◽  
D. Barkai ◽  
Z. Nitsan ◽  
S. Landau1
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Hedysarum Coronarium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractAlthough ostriches are herbivores, their diets in commercial farming in Israel consist mainly of concentrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative for fattening ostriches aged 10 to 30 weeks, which combines pasture with concentrate feeding. Chicks were allotted to three treatments. Diet of group C40 consisted of concentrate only, provided at 40 g/kg body mass (mb). Groups CG20 and CG30 received concentrate at 20 and 30 g/ kg mb, respectively, and grazed 4 to 6 h/day on lush green alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sown barley (Hordeum vulgare), natural pasture or sulla (Hedysarum coronarium). During the last 10 weeks of experiment, groups CG20 and CG30 were merged into one group, managed as CG20 and grazed natural pasture, sulla, alfalfa, or vetch (Vicia sativa). Ostriches from group CG20 and CG30 consumed 390 (s.e.30) g and 260 (s.e. 20) g DM per day at pasture, i.e. 0·46 and 0·28 of their total daily intake, respectively. Pasture intake for CG20 was higher (P < 0·05) than for CG30. Intake of pasture (both grazing treatments combined) was twice as much as on natural pasture or alfalfa as on barley. These results were consistent with the ostriches’ preference for forbs rather than grasses in the natural pasture. The mean organic matter digestibility was 0·84 (s.e. 0·01), ostriches gained at 347 (s.e. 13) g/day, and the food conversion ratio was 3·05 (s.e. 0·16), with no effect of group. Also, grazing did not affect the dressing rate (0·47, s.e. 0·015) or the size and mass of the different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract, with the exception of the glandular and muscular stomachs, which were proportionately 0·4 (P < 0·05) heavier in grazing birds. Lower (P < 0·05) fat content (33·8 v. 26·5 g/kg) but not tenderness, of a selected muscle (fibularis longus) was found for grazing birds. This study suggests that, in young ostriches, grazing lush green pasture may reduce concentrate intake by proportionately 0·4, without altering growth performance or carcass yield and quality.

Abstract P279: A High Fiber Nutrient Dense Supplement Moves the Metabolome in Obese Parent[[Unable to Display Character: −]]Teen Dyads

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung H Suh ◽  
Nisha Narayanan ◽  
Kirsten Laine-Graves ◽  
Joyce C McCann ◽  
Swapna V Shenvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Female Adolescent ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Valuable Adjunct

Objective: To determine whether twice daily intake of a low-calorie (110 kcal), high-fiber, fruit and dark chocolate based nutrient-dense bar with supplemental vitamins/minerals, β-glucan, and docosahexaenoic acid might serve as an effective adjunct to lifestyle counseling for weight management in an inner city population. Methods: 18 overweight, predominantly female adolescent/parent guardian dyads and 2 triads (21 adults, 22 teens, randomized as 12 intervention (INT, with bars), 8 control (C) family units were recruited from a pediatric obesity clinic. The cohort was 48.7% Nonhispanic Black, 34.1% Hispanic, and 17.0% Caucasian. Two adults dropped out. The remaining 41 subjects participated in six identical weekly exercise and nutrition sessions by group. Full assessment of physical (BMI, blood pressure), behavioral (diet, activity), metabolic (cardiovascular and diabetes risk biomarkers), and metabolomic status was conducted at baseline and end-of-study. Results: There was excellent attendance in both INT and C groups with all family units participating in more than 80% of group sessions and 100% of baseline and follow-up assessment visits. Compliance with nutrition bar intake was 86 ± 11% and 87 ± 14% among INT group adults and teens respectively. There was considerable obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all subjects and baseline diets were universally poor. Self-report activity increased and dietary habits improved in both INT and C groups, adults and teens, most notably decreased saturated fat and total carbohydrates (especially added sugars). Weight was stable, even in the INT group despite the addition of 220 additional kcal in two daily nutrition bars. In paired analyses, systolic blood pressure (SBP) improved significantly in INT teens (-6.7 ± 9.2 mm Hg, p = 0.02), and worsened in C teens (+6.3 ± 7.7 mm Hg, p = 0.04); p = 0.002 for unpaired comparison by teen group. Plasma homocysteine levels and two amino acids, citrulline and sarcosine, implicated in the arginine-urea cycle pathway fell in both INT parents and teens, but not in controls. The drop in citrulline was more significant in INT teens ( p = 0.005) than in adults ( p = 0.047). In a diet-induced obesity mouse model, elevated plasma citrulline has been associated with cardiometabolic complications attributed to decreased systemic arginine bioavailability that may affect capacity to produce nitric oxide. The observed metabolomic changes are consistent with more efficient mitochondrial processing and may relate to the systolic BP improvement observed in teens. Conclusions: A nutritional supplement bar may be a valuable adjunct for weight management, resulting in early favorable metabolomic changes.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE RATION OF REPLACEMENT EWE LAMBS ON BODY WEIGHT GAINS AND WOOL PRODUCTION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Whiting ◽  
S. B. Slen ◽  
L. M. Bezeau
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Weight Gains

Three experiments were carried out with replacement ewe lambs to determine the influence of feeding rations containing three levels of protein, each at two levels of digestible energy. The three levels of protein were approximately 8, 9.5, and 11 per cent in the first two experiments, and 6, 9, and 12 per cent in the third experiment.Increasing the amount of protein in the ration resulted in an increase (p <.05) in the apparent digestibility of the protein, but no change in the percentage of protein retained or in the digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy. Increasing the digestible energy content of the ration by substituting corn starch for wheat straw or oat hulls reduced (p <.05) the digestibility and retention of protein in Experiments 2 and 3, but had no effect in Experiment 1.Body weight gains and wool growth of lambs fed rations containing wheat straw or oat hulls did not increase to so great an extent as those fed corn starch. This would indicate that energy was a limiting factor for maximum production in the lower digestible energy rations. In general, weight gains and wool production increased (p <.05) when the daily intake of D.C.P. was increased from approximately 0.10 to 0.13 pounds. Increasing the D.C.P. from 0.13 to 0.16 pounds (0.19 in Experiment 3) caused no further increase in body gains but increased (p <.05) wool production.On the basis of these results, the average D.C.P. requirements of a ewe lamb weighing 85 pounds and consuming 1.3 pounds T.D.N. was 0.13 pounds (0.16 pounds when wool production was considered).

Effects of level of concentrate on the eating behaviour and predicted hourly release of nutrients in the rumen of sheep fed grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Author(s):  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
G.C. McQuiston
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Total Daily Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Asynchronous Release ◽  
Micro Organisms

The pattern in which ruminants consume their daily allocation of forage may affect their total daily intake and the pattern of supply of energy and protein to the micro-organisms in the rumen. Synchronizing energy and nitrogen supply to the rumen has been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Sinclair et al. 1993, 1995). However, it remains unclear whether animals, when offered a feed with a predicted asynchronous release of nutrients, will alter their pattern of intake to achieve a synchronous supply. In addition, the provision of a concentrate may alter daily intake, hourly intake and the pattern of release of nutrients in the rumen. The objectives of the current experiment were to examine the effects of level of supplement on the pattern of intake and the predicted release of nutrients in the rumen in sheep fed grass silage.

scholarly journals Impact of Acute and Chronic Red Beetroot Juice Consumption on Postprandial Endothelial Function and Levels of Nitrate/Nitrite in Plasma and Saliva (P06-113-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Litwin ◽  
Hannah Van Ark ◽  
Shannon Hartley ◽  
Kiri Michell ◽  
Allegra Vazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Abstract Objectives High-fat meal (HFM) consumption has been shown to impair postprandial endothelial function. Red beetroot juice (RBJ) contains polyphenols, betalains, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and inorganic nitrate, and has been shown to improve endothelial function. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of RBJ and its bioactive components on postprandial endothelial function. We hypothesized that a HFM would impair postprandial endothelial function, and that RBJ would attenuate this, in part, through increased circulating nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels. Methods A 4-period randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted. Fifteen overweight and obese middle-aged/older men and postmenopausal women underwent baseline (T0) assessment of endothelial function (via reactive hyperemia index, RHI) and collection of blood and saliva. Participants consumed one of the following 70 mL treatments (acute exposure): 1) RBJ, 2) nitrate-free RBJ (NF-RBJ), 3) placebo + nitrate (PBO + NIT), and 4) placebo (PBO), followed by a HFM. RHI was measured at 4 hours (T4) post-HFM, and blood and saliva were collected at 1 hour (T1), 2 hours (T2), and T4. Participants then consumed treatments daily for 4 weeks (chronic exposure), and all assessments were repeated before/after the HFM but without consuming treatments. Results No significant time or treatment effects were observed for RHI. Following acute and chronic exposure to RBJ and PBO + NIT, plasma NOx levels were higher at T0 (chronic only), T1, T2, and T4 compared to PBO and NF-RBJ (P < 0.001). After chronic exposure to RBJ, saliva NOx levels were higher at T0, T1, T2, and T4 compared to PBO and NF-RBJ (P < 0.001). Saliva NOx levels for PBO + NIT were higher than both PBO and NF-RBJ at T0 (P < 0.001), but only higher than NF-RBJ at T1 (P = 0.02), and higher than PBO at T4 (P = 0.02). Additionally, there was a time*treatment interaction for plasma and saliva NOx levels following 4 weeks of daily exposure to RBJ and PBO + NIT (P < 0.001). Conclusions The preliminary results of this study suggest that HFM consumption does not significantly impair postprandial endothelial function in this population. In addition, acute and chronic RBJ exposure does not significantly improve endothelial function despite increases in plasma and saliva NOx. Funding Sources Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, NIFA, USDA.

The effect of feeding the beta-adrenergic agonist ractopamine on the behaviour of market-weight pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Schaefer ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong ◽  
A. M. B. dePassille ◽  
J. Rushen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

A total of 86 ad libitum fed Lacombe bred barrows and gilts weighing on average 90 kg were used to determine the effect of feeding ractopamine on animal behaviour. Four treatment groups consisted of a control (N = 22) and three levels of ractopamine (10 ppm (N = 15), 15 ppm (N = 24) and 20 ppm (N = 25) in the diet). The pigs received the ractopamine treatments for 5–6 wk prior to behavioural observations. There was little effect of ractopamine on behaviour. The ractopamine-fed pigs were observed to lie down in a group more frequently (P = 0.06) and to walk around their pen less frequently (P = 0.01). No abnormal, stereotyped, agonistic or aggressive behaviour was induced by the ractopamine. The data from the present study suggest that ractopamine, added to the diet of market-weight pigs at levels reported, does not cause marked changes in behaviour. Key words: Pig behaviour, beta-adrenergic agonists, ractopamine

High Fiber Intake

JAMA ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 275 (6) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst L. Wynder
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Intake ◽  
High Fiber
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