scholarly journals Growth of Indian biotech companies, in the context of the international biotechnology industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Palnitkar
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Biotechnology Sector

The paper discusses the evolution and growth of Indian biotech companies in recent years. It focuses on the alternative business models key players in the industry have adopted and highlights the activities and achievements of some of the globally competitive companies across various segments of the market. The paper also chronicles recent developments in the industry with respect to international alliances, product development and investment and expansion. Increasingly, India is being recognised as a country that combines low-cost research and manufacturing capabilities with a rapidly improving climate for intellectual property (IP) creation and protection. Efforts are being made by Indian companies to move up the value chain in niche areas within the biotechnology sector. There is indeed a clear opportunity for global players to leverage the India advantage by collaborating with Indian companies and exploring potential market opportunities.

Digital Cable TV Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 542-556
Author(s):  
Ran Wei ◽  
Zizhong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Cable Tv ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Telecommunications Services ◽  
Digital Cable Tv ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter focuses on digital cable TV networks as a convergent network with telecommunications networks and the Internet that provides broadcasting TV and radio, telecommunications services, and IP-based publishing and e-commerce. The chapter first traces the technological evolution of cable TV, highlighting recent developments in digitalization and convergence. The transformation of cable TV networks from channel operators to unified platforms is discussed. In doing so, the key terms and concepts in cable TV technology are introduced. The technological, political, regulatory, and economic forces behind the convergence are also identified. Furthermore, this chapter examines the value chain and collaborative opportunities among the participants in the digital cable TV revolution. User-centered business models of managing digital cable TV networks are proposed.

Biotechnology business models: An Indian perspective

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Konde
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
General Description ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
A Value ◽  
Biotechnology Companies

A typical business model consists of three components – value proposition, value-chain structure and revenue generation. These components are used to give a general description of a business. The biotechnology industry is not really characterised by specific business models and neither is there one single model for success. The sector is not only characterised by an enormous diversity, but is also driven by innovations, which makes the prediction of future development rather difficult. The enormous flexibility of biotechnology companies is a strength that has helped them survive in times of economic difficulties. In years of crisis, companies have managed to reorient themselves, change their business plans or even switch markets. Several Indian firms have focused their businesses on the development, manufacturing and marketing of biopharmaceuticals and providing services. The Indian companies appear well positioned to leverage their cost-effective manufacturing capabilities to corner some of the market share and compete on a global scale. This paper discusses the various business models and strategies adopted by the biotechnology companies that directed the growth of the biotechnology industry in the country based on the techno-economic dynamics and the key challenges faced by these firms.

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

scholarly journals Revisiting Electrochemical Biosensing in the 21st Century Society for Inflammatory Cytokines Involved in Autoimmune, Neurodegenerative, Cardiac, Viral and Cancer Diseases

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Susana Campuzano ◽  
Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño ◽  
José Manuel Pingarrón
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
Cancer Diseases

The multifaceted key roles of cytokines in immunity and inflammatory processes have led to a high clinical interest for the determination of these biomolecules to be used as a tool in the diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring and treatment of several diseases of great current relevance (autoimmune, neurodegenerative, cardiac, viral and cancer diseases, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes). Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of cytokine biomarkers in body fluids, cells and tissues has attracted considerable attention. However, many currently available techniques used for this purpose, although sensitive and selective, require expensive equipment and advanced human skills and do not meet the demands of today’s clinic in terms of test time, simplicity and point-of-care applicability. In the course of ongoing pursuit of new analytical methodologies, electrochemical biosensing is steadily gaining ground as a strategy suitable to develop simple, low-cost methods, with the ability for multiplexed and multiomics determinations in a short time and requiring a small amount of sample. This review article puts forward electrochemical biosensing methods reported in the last five years for the determination of cytokines, summarizes recent developments and trends through a comprehensive discussion of selected strategies, and highlights the challenges to solve in this field. Considering the key role demonstrated in the last years by different materials (with nano or micrometric size and with or without magnetic properties), in the design of analytical performance-enhanced electrochemical biosensing strategies, special attention is paid to the methods exploiting these approaches.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochao Chen ◽  
Ming Liang ◽  
Qingzhao Wu ◽  
Shan Zhu ◽  
Naiqin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Weak Charge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

AbstractThe development of sodium-ion (SIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) has increased rapidly because of the abundant resources and cost-effectiveness of Na and K. Antimony (Sb) plays an important role in SIBs and PIBs because of its high theoretical capacity, proper working voltage, and low cost. However, Sb-based anodes have the drawbacks of large volume changes and weak charge transfer during the charge and discharge processes, thus leading to poor cycling and rapid capacity decay. To address such drawbacks, many strategies and a variety of Sb-based materials have been developed in recent years. This review systematically introduces the recent research progress of a variety of Sb-based anodes for SIBs and PIBs from the perspective of composition selection, preparation technologies, structural characteristics, and energy storage behaviors. Moreover, corresponding examples are presented to illustrate the advantages or disadvantages of these anodes. Finally, we summarize the challenges of the development of Sb-based materials for Na/K-ion batteries and propose potential research directions for their further development.

The Single-Rotor Helicopter with Rigidly-Mounted Blades

1963 ◽  
Vol 67 (634) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Heppe
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Second World

For many years, studies of various light aircraft designs have been carried on by the Lockheed-California Company in search of a vehicle that had the potential of truly generating the “air age”—a vehicle which would perform a useful service to many people, in many jobs. Shortly after the Second World War, these studies were directed along the lines of present-day light aeroplanes, but were eventually discarded upon recognition of the limited utility of these vehicles when related to general public acceptance. However, in 1959, spurred by recent developments in VTOL craft, the Lockheed research team again raised the question, “Is it possible today to develop a vehicle of low cost and with sufficient utility to reach the mass market?”

scholarly journals Net-zero emission vehicles shift and equitable ownership in low-income households and communities: why responsible and circularity business models are essential

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana O. Bonsu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe UK Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution aims to ban petrol and diesel cars by 2030 and transition to electric vehicles (EVs). Current business models for EV ownership and the transition to net-net zero emissions are not working for households in the lowest income brackets. However, low-income communities bear the brunt of environmental and health illnesses from transport air pollution caused by those living in relatively more affluent areas. Importantly, achieving equitable EV ownership amongst low-and middle-income households and driving policy goals towards environmental injustice of air pollution and net-zero emissions would require responsible and circular business models. Such consumer-focused business models address an EV subscription via low-income household tax rebates, an EV battery value-chain circularity, locally-driven new battery technological development, including EV manufacturing tax rebates and socially innovative mechanisms. This brief communication emphasises that consumer-led business models following net-zero emission vehicles shift and decisions must ensure positive-sum outcomes. And must focus not only on profits and competitiveness but also on people, planet, prosperity and partnership co-benefits.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT IN OPEN DESIGN COMMUNITIES: A PROCESS PERSPECTIVE

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 557-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA RAASCH
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Open Design ◽  
Open Development ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Design Projects ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Significant Attention

Open source (OS) has raised significant attention in industrial practice and in scholarly research as a new and successful mode of product development. This paper is among the first to study open source development processes outside their original context, the software industry. In particular, we investigate the development of tangible products in so-called open design projects. We study how open design projects address the challenges usually put forward in the literature as barriers to the open development of tangible products. The analysis rests on the comparative qualitative investigation of four cases from different industries. We find that, subject to certain contingencies, open design processes can be organized to resemble OSS development processes to a considerable degree. Some practices are established specifically to uphold OS principles in the open design context, while others starkly differ from those found in OSS development. Our discussion focusses on different aspects of modularity as well as the availability of low-cost tools.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Enterprise Hybrid Business Models in Inclusive Value Chain Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Bob Doherty ◽  
Pichawadee Kittipanya-Ngam
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
Hybrid Organisations

This study contributes to the growing interest in hybrid organisations, sustainable business models and inclusive value chain development (IVCD). Recent work has identified that of some 570 million farmers in the world, more than 475 million farmers are smallholders in low-middle-income countries experiencing increasing food insecurity and rural poverty. Research argues that there is a lack of research that provides work on appropriate solutions for smallholders. This paper answers this call by a qualitative study of ten case studies, which draws on hybrid organising, sustainable business model and IVCD research to identify the novel business model characteristics that hybrid organisations use to create and manage more inclusive value chains for smallholders. These hybrid organisations are designed to create a value proposition that delivers sustainability upgrading for smallholders via both product, process and governance upgrades, empowers smallholders to achieve development goals and creates multiple value for social impact. We therefore identify the important characteristics of the hybrid business model to provide appropriate solutions for smallholders and overcome the challenges identified in the inclusive value chain development literature.

scholarly journals Recent Developments of Reflectarray Antennas for Reconfigurable Beams Using Surface-Mounted RF-MEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carrasco ◽  
Mariano Barba ◽  
Manuel Arrebola ◽  
Jose A. Encinar
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Phase Control ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Delay Lines ◽  
Mems Switches ◽  
Manufacturing Complexity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Control Devices

Some of the most recent developments in reconfigurable reflectarrays using surface-mounted RF-MEMS, which have been developed at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, are summarized in this paper. The results include reconfigurable elements based on patches aperture-coupled to delay lines in two configurations: single elements and gathered elements which form subarrays with common phase control. The former include traditional aperture-coupled elements and a novel wideband reflectarray element which has been designed using two stacked patches. The latter are proposed as a low cost solution for reducing the number of electronic control devices as well as the manufacturing complexity of large reflectarrays. The main advantages and drawbacks of the grouping are evaluated in both pencil and shaped-beam antennas. In all the cases, the effects of the MEMS switches and their assembly circuitry are evaluated when they are used in a 2-bit phase shifter which can be extended to more bits, demonstrating that the proposed elements can be used efficiently in reconfigurable-beam reflectarrays.

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