scholarly journals Kinetics from castor oil extraction using ethanol as solvent

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e16
Author(s):  
Suzana Diel Boligon ◽  
Ana Carolina Scher ◽  
Bruno München Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Different Temperatures

The sensitization for energy issues and environmental resulting from burning fossil fuels encourage the search for materials, inputs and renewable sources of energy. The biofuel is one of these renewable sources and is produced from vegetable oils extracted from raw material such as castor (Ricinus communis). It has been investigated as a raw material due to the high oil content in the seed, the possibility of plantations in regions with water deficit and high agricultural productivity. In front of the possibility of developing a simplified process for the production of biodiesel, such as in situ transesterification, which avoids the previous separation of the oil existing in the micelle, the present work aims to evaluate the kinetic behavior of extraction from castor oil using ethanol as solvent. In this context, experimental data were obtained about the kinetic from castor oil using ethanol in several conditions of temperature, as well as, fitting mathematical models able to describe the kinetic of the system castor-oil-ethanol. The castor seed used in the work were characterized about its humidity, oil content and acidity, having been obtained 4.86 %, 43.3 % and 2.1 %, respectively. The experiments were carried out in batch using sealed Erlenmeyer flasks in a thermostatic bath with reciprocal agitation to investigate the extraction process at different temperatures (25, 35 and 45 ºC) and solid-liquid ratio equal to 0.08 (g/ml). The percentage extractions were quantified in times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 480, 600 and 1440 min. For description of kinetics extraction, the fit of three different kinetic models to the experimental data was tested, pseudo-first order (PFO), pseudo-second order (PSO) and Patricelli. From the calculation of the corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), the PSO model was the one that best described the extraction kinetics. In this way, the results obtained in this work contribute to expand the knowledge about the extraction process of castor oil with ethanol as solvent.

scholarly journals Intensification of the extraction process of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Andryushayev ◽  
Olena Ruban ◽  
Yuliia Maslii ◽  
Inna Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Action ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Method Of Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time

The aim. To determine the intensified method of extraction of phenolic compounds from Acorus calamus leaves and optimal conditions for the process. Materials and methods. In order to develop the optimal intensified method of extraction samples were prepared in different conditions of raw materials-extractant ratio, temperature, time and multiplicity. As a raw materials spectrophotometrically pre-standardized Acorus calamus leaves were used. The extraction was carried out in a hermetically sealed ultrasonic extraction reactor PEX 1 (REUS, Contes, France). As the criteria of extraction efficiency were indicators of dry residue and total amount of flavonoids determined using methods described in State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The amount of flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically on a certified device Specord 200 (Analytik Jena, Germany). Results. According to our research results it was found that ultrasonic action and addition of surfactant significantly improves the efficiency of the extraction process. The optimal conditions for the process were determined. Experimentally proved that the rational raw material-extractant ratio is 1:15. Comparative study of the extraction process with different temperatures showed that the highest amount of extractives is achieved at temperature 70 °C and 45 min of duration. The optimal extraction multiplicity is 3. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the intensified extraction method for Acorus calamus leaves – re-maceration with ultrasound – was established. The conducted researches allowed to develop the method of extraction, expedient in the conditions of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

Development of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids among jatropha-related species and verification of the hybrids using EST–SSR markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. S58-S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kularb Laosatit ◽  
Patcharin Tanya ◽  
Narathid Muakrong ◽  
Peerasak Srinives
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Oilseed Crop

Jatropha curcas (jatropha) is an important non-edible oilseed crop with potential as a raw material for biofuel production. Although J. curcas has 30–35% oil content in its seeds, it has low seed yield ( < 2 ton/ha) and thus cannot become an economically viable crop. However, jatropha has many related species and genera such as J. integerrima, J. multifida, J. podagrica and Ricinus communis that are suitable for interspecific and intergeneric hybridization. The desirable features that can be obtained from these species are high number of inflorescences from J.integerrima, large fruit size from J. multifida, high oil content from J. podagrica and raceme-type inflorescence from R. communis. We were initially successful in producing hybrids between J. curcas and these related species. Hybridity was confirmed using expressed sequence tag (EST)–simple sequence repeat markers developed from the J. curcas EST database.

scholarly journals Rheological Properties of Industrial Hot Trub

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7162
Author(s):  
Marta Stachnik ◽  
Monika Sterczyńska ◽  
Emilia Smarzewska ◽  
Anna Ptaszek ◽  
Joanna Piepiórka-Stepuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Best Fit

The boiling of beer wort with hops results in the formation of a hot trub, a sediment consisting mainly of water-insoluble tannin and protein conglomerates and hop residue. Hot trub is a waste product, removed in a clarifying tank and discarded. The use of barley malt substitutes in recipes for beer is associated with an increase in the amount of generated hot trub. In presented study, an analysis of the rheological properties of industrial hot trub was carried out. Samples varied with regard to the quantities of unmalted barley (0%, 35%, and 45%) and worts’ extract (12.5, 14.1, 16.1, and 18.2 °Plato) in the recipe. The rheology of each type of sludge was determined using a hysteresis loop at four different temperatures. The results showed the shear-thinning and thixotropic properties of the hot trub. It was found that, regardless of the raw material and extract used, all samples exhibited the same rheological properties, but with different values. It was also proved that both raw material composition and temperature affected the hot trub’s rheology. The highest values of viscosity were identified for malted barley, whereas the lowest apparent viscosity values were recorded for the hot trub with a 30% addition of unmalted barley. The Herschel–Bulkley model had the best fit to the experimental data.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos S. Osorio-González ◽  
Natali Gómez-Falcon ◽  
Fabiola Sandoval-Salas ◽  
Rahul Saini ◽  
Satinder K. Brar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative

An attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels is biodiesel, which can be obtained from a variety of feedstock through different transesterification systems such as ultrasound, microwave, biological, chemical, among others. The efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production depends on several parameters such as free fatty acid content in the feedstock, transesterification reaction efficiency, alcohol:oil ratio, catalysts type, and several parameters during the production process. However, biodiesel production from vegetable oils is under development, causing the final price of biodiesel to be higher than diesel derived from petroleum. An alternative to decrease the production costs will be the use of economical feedstocks and simple production processes. Castor oil is an excellent raw material in terms of price and quality, but especially this non-edible vegetable oil does not have any issues or compromise food security. Recently, the use of castor oil has attracted attention for producing and optimizing biodiesel production, due to high content of ricinoleic fatty acid and the possibility to esterify with only methanol, which assures low production costs. Additionally, biodiesel from castor oil has different advantages over conventional diesel. Some of them are biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable, they can be used alone, low greenhouse gas emission, among others. This review discusses and analyzes different transesterification processes, technologies, as well as different technical aspects during biodiesel production using castor oil as a feedstock.

scholarly journals Componentes de produtividade e teor de óleo de cultivares de mamona no Semiárido paraibano

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda ◽  
Anielson dos Santos Souza ◽  
Guilherme de Freitas Furtado ◽  
Wendell de Almeida Lacerda ◽  
Ivislanne de Sousa Queiroga Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
Growing Region

<p>A cultura da mamona (<em>Ricinus communis </em>L.) se apresenta como alternativa de relevante importância econômica e social para o extenso semiárido brasileiro, pois, em virtude das suas características, é capaz de produzir satisfatoriamente até sob condições de baixa precipitação pluvial. Porém, a falta de cultivares adaptadas a cada região de cultivo tem dificultado o estabelecimento dessa cultura em novas áreas. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar cultivares de mamona que se adaptem as condições edafoclimáticas Locais. O experimento foi conduzido no Sítio Monte Alegre zona rural do município de Pombal - PB, o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com sete tratamentos compostos pelos cultivares BRS Nordestina; BRS Paraguaçu; BRS Energia; AL Guarany-2002; IAC 2028; IAC Guarany e IAC 80, com quatro repetições, foram avaliadas as características de produção, produtividade e teor de óleo nas sementes. Dos resultados registrou-se maior produção de grão por planta na cultivar BRS Nordestina e maior produtividade de grão entre as cultivares de ciclo longo, em relação aos cultivares de ciclo precoce a IAC 2028 obteve maior produtividade, os racemos primários podem representar mais de 40 % da produtividade nos cultivares de ciclo precoce, o maior teor de óleo nas sementes foi observado na cultivar BRS Energia que também conferiu maior rendimento de óleo entre as sete cultivares.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Productivity Components and content of castor oil cultivars not Paraiba Semiarid</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The crop is an alternative relevant economic and social importance to the extensive Brazilian semiarid, since, by virtue of its characteristics, is able to produce satisfactory even under conditions of low rainfall. However, the lack of cultivars adapted to each growing region has hindered the establishment of this crop in new areas. This study was developed with the objective of identify castor’s cultivars with adaptation to the Paraíba Sertão. The study was conducted on Sítio Monte Alegre countryside of municipality of Pombal - PB, the experimental design was the of random blocks with seven treatments composed by BRS Northeastern; Paraguaçu BRS; BRS Energy; Guarany AL-2002, IAC 2028, IAC Guarany and IAC 80, characteristics were evaluated, productivity and oil content in the seeds. From the results was registrated a higher grain production per plant in Northeastern BRS and higher grain yield among cultivars long cycle, in relation to early maturity cultivars the IAC 2028 got higher productivity, the primary raceme may represent more than 40% productivity in cultivars of early maturity, the higher oil content in seeds was observed in BRS Energy also gave higher oil yield among the seven cultivars.</p>

Effect Of Elevated Temperatures On Complete Concrete Deformation Diagrams

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Relative Deformation ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

The analysis of the previous results of the study on concrete stress-strain behavior at elevated temperatures has been carried out. Based on the analysis, the main reasons for strength retrogression and elastic modulus reduction of concrete have been identified. Despite a significant amount of research in this area, there is a large spread in experimental data received, both as a result of compression and tension. In addition, the deformation characteristics of concrete are insufficiently studied: the coefficient of transverse deformation, the limiting relative compression deformation corresponding to the peak load and the almost complete absence of studies of complete deformation diagrams at elevated temperatures. The two testing chambers provided creating the necessary temperature conditions for conducting studies under bending compression and tension have been developed. On the basis of the obtained experimental data of physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete at different temperatures under conditions of axial compression and tensile bending, conclusions about the nature of changes in strength and deformation characteristics have been drawn. Compression tests conducted following the method of concrete deformation complete curves provided obtaining diagrams not only at normal temperature, but also at elevated temperature. Based on the experimental results, dependences of changes in prism strength and elastic modulus as well as an equation for determining the relative deformation and stresses at elevated temperatures at all stages of concrete deterioration have been suggested.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Renewable Biomass Utilization: A Way Forward to Establish Sustainable Chemical and Processing Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-259
Author(s):  
Yadhu N. Guragain ◽  
Praveen V. Vadlani
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Biomass Component ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks are promising alternatives to fossil fuels for meeting raw material needs of processing industries and helping transit from a linear to a circular economy and thereby meet the global sustainability criteria. The sugar platform route in the biochemical conversion process is one of the promising and extensively studied methods, which consists of four major conversion steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and product purification. Each of these conversion steps has multiple challenges. Among them, the challenges associated with the pretreatment are the most significant for the overall process because this is the most expensive step in the sugar platform route and it significantly affects the efficiency of all subsequent steps on the sustainable valorization of each biomass component. However, the development of a universal pretreatment method to cater to all types of feedstock is nearly impossible due to the substantial variations in compositions and structures of biopolymers among these feedstocks. In this review, we have discussed some promising pretreatment methods, their processing and chemicals requirements, and the effect of biomass composition on deconstruction efficiencies. In addition, the global biomass resources availability and process intensification ideas for the lignocellulosic-based chemical industry have been discussed from a circularity and sustainability standpoint.

scholarly journals Rheological and Microbiological Characteristics of Hops and Hot Trub Particles Formed during Beer Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Monika Sterczyńska ◽  
Marek Zdaniewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Wolny-Koładka
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Post Process ◽  
High Shear Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Beer Production

During the production of beer, and especially beer wort, the main wastes are spent grain and hot trub, i.e., the so-called “hot break.” Combined with yeast after fermentation, they represent the most valuable wastes. Hot trub is also one of the most valuable by-products. Studies on the chemical composition of these sediments and their rheological properties as waste products will contribute to their effective disposal and even further use as valuable pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw materials. So far, hot trub has been studied for morphology and particle distribution depending on the raw material composition and beer wort extract. However, there are no preliminary studies on the rheological properties of hot trub and hops. In particular, no attention has yet been paid to the dependence of these properties on the hop variety or different protein sources used. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different hopping methods on hot trub viscosity and beer wort physicochemical parameters. Additionally, the hop solutions were measured at different temperatures. A microbiological analysis of hop sediments was also performed to determine the post-process survival of selected microorganisms in these wastes. For manufacturers of pumps used in the brewing industry, the most convenient material is that of the lowest viscosity. Low viscosity hot trub can be removed at lower velocities, which reduces costs and simplifies washing and transport. The sediments also had similar equilibrium viscosity values at high shear rates.

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