scholarly journals Response of selected sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) genotypes to striga hermonthica (del.) benth in western Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Claoudious Ochiel Dauglas ◽  
M. Dida Mathews ◽  
Ouma Evans ◽  
Ayiecho Olweny P. ◽  
Gudu Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Effect of Harvesting Stage on Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Genotypes in Western Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Owuor Oyier ◽  
James O. Owuoche ◽  
Maurice E. Oyoo ◽  
Erick Cheruiyot ◽  
Betty Mulianga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Harvesting stage of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cane is an important aspect in the content of sugar for production of industrial alcohol. Four sweet sorghum genotypes were evaluated for harvesting stage in a randomized complete block design. In order to determine sorghum harvest growth stage for bioethanol production, sorghum canes were harvested at intervals of seven days after anthesis. The genotypes were evaluated at different stages of development for maximum production of bioethanol from flowering to physiological maturity. The canes were crushed and juice fermented to produce ethanol. Measurements of chlorophyll were taken at various stages as well as panicles from the harvested canes. Dried kernels at 14% moisture content were also weighed at various stages. Chlorophyll, grain weight, absolute ethanol volume, juice volume, cane yield, and brix showed significant (p=0.05) differences for genotypes as well as the stages of harvesting. Results from this study showed that harvesting sweet sorghum at stages IV and V (104 to 117 days after planting) would be appropriate for production of kernels and ethanol. EUSS10 has the highest ethanol potential (1062.78 l ha−1) due to excellent juice volume (22976.9 l ha−1) and EUSS11 (985.26 l ha−1) due to its high brix (16.21).

scholarly journals Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faqiri Awad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth) Nitrophoska (NPK), a compound fertilizer, showed significant effects in stimulating yield components of Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Tabat and in depressing the parasitism of Striga hermonthica Del. Benth. Over all treatments nitrophoska at N3 (54 kg N/F) gave 160, 105,121 and 120% increases in yield components over the control for head weight, plant height, 1000 grain weight and straw yield/ m2 of sorghum. Nitrophoska scored 83% and 80% decrease in striga dry shoot weight / m2 and striga density / m2, respectively less than the control at N1 (18 kg N/F). To maximize the yield components of sorghum, higher levels of nitrophoska (N2. N3) were recommended to be used; while lower levels of nitrophoska (N1) were recommended to combat the menace of striga in fields of sorghum

Targeted distribution of photo-assimilate in Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth parasitic on Sorghum bicolor L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Santos-Izquierdo ◽  
Karine Pageau ◽  
André Fer ◽  
Philippe Simier ◽  
Richard J. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Physiology and histology of resistance to Striga hermonthica in Sorghum bicolor var. Framida

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Arnaud ◽  
Christophe Véronési ◽  
Patrick Thalouarn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Partial Inhibition ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Host Root ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Germination, attachment to host root and growth of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. seeds and seedlings were studied in in vitro co-culture w ith Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and in pot experiments. Two varieties, the resistant Framida and the susceptible CK-60B, were used. Histological, morphological and physiological studies revealed the key stages of resistance mechanisms involved. Resistance of Framida to Striga does not occur at the germination or the attachment stages, since its roots do not support fewer Striga than does CK-60B. As Framida roots support the lowest number of young Striga stems with scale leaves, its resistance appears to occur during the establishment of a functional haustorium. Metabolite uptake by the haustorium and growth rate of the young parasite were lower on Framida roots than on CK-60B roots, even when similarly developed haustoria were compared. Furthermore, at a later stage of infestation, significant accumulation of a coloured material likely to be rich in phenolic compounds was observed in and around Framida conductive tissues, but not CK-60B tissues. These features indicate the involvement of at least three steps in development of resistance in Framida roots: the first is linked to a partial inhibition of development of the young haustorium; the second could play a role in the physiological events that decrease nutrient translocation towards the haustoria; and the last seems to be associated with the accumulation of a coloured phenolic-like material.

scholarly journals Application of Markers Assisted Selection for Striga Hermonthica Resistance on Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Habtamu Demelash Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. [Moench]) is a staple food crop for smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid(ASALs) regions worldwide, feeding over 500 million of the world's most resource-poor. Development of Striga Hermonthica resistant cultivars by conventional breeding is slow and have been hampered by the lack of efficient and reliable screening techniques in breeding programs. Molecular markers that are linked to witchweed resistance can expedite the development of resistant cultivars through the adoption of appropriate marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies. Marker-assisted selection involves the selection of genotypes carrying a desirable gene(s) via linked markers; through MAS more rapid transfer of traits from donor parents to more elite locally adapted crop cultivars is possible with simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers which have been initially used to detect polymorphism between the parent cultivars. Although costly to develop relative to some other classes of genetic markers, once developed, analysis by SSR markers is both easy and inexpensive. The highly polymorphic nature (high information content) and other favorable characteristics make them excellent genetic markers for a number of studies including marker-assisted selection and fingerprinting of germplasm collections. In this review, we summarize the molecular markers that are linked to the inheritance trait or low germination stimulant production is one of the recognized mechanisms of witch weed resistance.

scholarly journals SATURATION OF STRIGA RESISTANCE QTLS IN SORGHUM (Sorghum bicolor (L.) MOENCH)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Rasha Ali ◽  
Abdalla H. Mohamed ◽  
Adil Elhussein ◽  
Charles T. Hash
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Linkage Map ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Striga Resistance ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the 5th most important cereal crop worldwide. The main biotic constraint to sorghum production is the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Striga is controlled using a combination of cultural, chemical and bio-control measures which cannot be afforded by farmers. A cost-effective alternative is to breed varieties resistant to Striga. Previous studies involving development of a sorghum genetic linkage map and mapping genomic regions contributing to Striga resistance have shown that resistance is a complex trait controlled by at least five QTLs. Genetic linkage maps provide an important genomic resource for understanding genome organization and evolution, and genetic basis of quantitative traits, and provide useful information for identifying and isolating genes responsible for a given phenotype. Therefore there is need for identification of molecular markers closely linked to these resistance QTLs to improve efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS) to accelerate development of Striga-resistant varieties. The aim of this study was to saturate genomic regions of Striga resistance QTLs using SSRs and DArT markers. QTL regions associated with Striga resistance were well saturated and confidence intervals for these QTLs were reduced: 27 SSR markers, two morphological markers, along with 175 DArTs markers were added to the previously mapped skeleton linkage map on linkage groups SBI-01, SBI-02, SBI-05a, SBI-05b and SBI-06 at intervals of 3-5 cM. Identified markers would be useful in marker-assisted selection for Introgression of this trait into susceptible sorghum cultivars. Addition of markers tightly linked to Striga resistance QTLs are not only advantageous for MAS application, but also assisted in saturating the sorghum linkage map.

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