scholarly journals Networks and coalitions in the implementation of the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Atieno Otieno Gloria ◽  
Wasswa Mulumba John ◽  
Seyoum Wedajoo Aseffa ◽  
Jae Lee Myung ◽  
Kiwuka Catherine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Food And Agriculture

Utilization of plant genetic resources in breeding for sustainability

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
United Nations Food ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractUK agriculture is undergoing significant change with reduced subsidies for food production, increasing consumer demands for food safety and traceability, and environmental concerns including climate and demographic change. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture adopted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation supports the use of genetic resources for research and breeding. Mining genetic resources for useful genetic variation is perceived as a major benefit of genebanks. However, utilization by breeders may be constrained by poor characterization of genetic resources, a widening gap between improved and unimproved material, and the disruption of well- adapted genotypes during introgression. Breeders working with grasses and forage legumes for sustainable agriculture are fortunate in the wealth of genetic variation available both within the primary species of interest and among related species. New DNA technologies allow more targeted approaches to the use of these genetic resources. Possibilities for gene transfer between related species using conventional techniques expand the available gene pools while potential use of genetic transformation extend these even further.

Patents and the CGIAR system of International Agricultural Research Centres' germplasm collections under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
International Agricultural Research ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Research Centres

A key controversy in negotiating the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, and the likely long-term effectiveness of the agreement, is the way in which the intellectual property provisions are interpreted and applied to the key genetic resources forming the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system of International Agricultural Research Centres' (IARC) collections. This paper reviews the intellectual property provisions in the treaty and examines the likely consequences from patenting under the Patents Act 1990 over materials derived from these collections. The consequence is argued to be significant and, over time, these practices are likely to deplete the usefulness of these collections and undermine the relevance of the treaty. The paper concludes that Australia's interests might best be served by arguing that access to these collections, and the other materials under the treaty, be subject to a non-exclusive, royalty free licence for any use of the derived materials to develop useful new plant varieties.

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