scholarly journals Valeriana officinalis and melatonin: Evaluation of the effects in Drosophila melanogaster rapid iterative negative geotaxis (RING) test

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 703-712
Author(s):  
Crisley Cheuczuk Dilliane ◽  
Freitas Suelen ◽  
Vaz Jaqueline ◽  
Luciano Braguini Welligton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis ◽  
Negative Geotaxis

scholarly journals Traumatic injury in female Drosophila melanogaster affects the development and induces behavioral abnormalities in the offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Chauhan ◽  
Abha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Geotaxis

Abstract Traumatic injury (TI) during pregnancy increases the risk for developing neurological disorders in the infants. These disorders are a major concern for the well-being of children born after TI during pregnancy. TI during pregnancy may result in preterm labor and delivery, abruptio placentae, and/or fetomaternal hemorrhage. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is a widely used model to study brain and behavioral disorders in humans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of TI to female fruit flies on the development timing of larvae, social interaction and the behavior of offspring flies. TI to the female flies was found to affect the development of larvae and the behavior of offspring flies. There was a significant increase in the length of larvae delivered by traumatically injured maternal flies as compared to larvae from control maternal flies (without TI). The pupae formation from larvae, and the metamorphosis of pupae to the first generation of flies were faster in the TI group than the control group. Negative geotaxis and distance of the fly to its nearest neighbor are parameters of behavioral assessment in fruit flies. Negative geotaxis significantly decreased in the first generation of both male (p = 0.0021) and female (p = 0.0426) flies. The distance between the first generation of flies to its nearest neighbor was shorter in both male and female offspring flies in the TI group as compared to control group flies. These results indicate that TI to the female flies affected the development of larvae and resulted in early delivery, impaired social interaction and behavioral alterations in the offspring.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Extract of Caryota no Seed on Geotactic Behaviour and Fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Chinonye A. Maduagwuna ◽  
Simeon Omale ◽  
Monday A. Etuh ◽  
Steven S. Gyang
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Minute Duration ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

Aims: To investigate the effect of the methanolic extracts of Caryota no (CN) seeds negative geotaxis, fecundity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using Drosophila melanogaster (DM).                                                                                                      Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration: Sample: African Centre of Excellence for Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State Nigeria between June 2018 and February 2019                                                                                                  Methodology: 50 flies were exposed in each vial to the following concentrations: 300 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg and 600 mg of methanolic extracts in 5 replicates for 7 days with daily recording of mortality. Total protein assays were carried out by Randox method from the supernatant from homogenized whole flies. In vivo antioxidant activity study was conducted by measuring level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity from supernatants of whole fly homogenates using a spectrophotometer at specific wavelengths over a 2 minute duration. The values were derived as part of the total protein value. Negative geotaxis was done by the climbing assay and fecundity was examined by rate of emergence of larva after exposure of the flies to treatment. The statistical difference among test groups was presumed at P < .05. Results: The methanolic extract of CN caused nonsignificant (P = .33) decrease in total protein levels compared to the control. There were also nonsignificant decreases in AChE (P = .30) activity, negative geotactic (P = .80) behaviour and nonsignificant increase in fecundity (P = .17) in the methanolic extract-treated flies compared to the controls. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that the methanolic extract of Caryota no nonsignificantly improved fertitity and reduced negative geotaxis and AChE activity in DM.

THE GENETICS OF GEOTAXIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Geotactic Response

The use of a behavioral character, the geotactic response of Drosophila melanogaster, permitted selection in large replicated populations. Each population was derived from the same base population but after the initial selection, it was maintained independently and treated identically. Diallel cross analysis revealed differences between the additive genetic variances of the strains treated in this way. These differences were largest after about eight generations of selection and decreased by the 16th generation.The analysis of diallel tables also showed that the geotactic response in D. melanogaster was controlled by polygenic factors. On the average, the genes that increase the expression of positive geotaxis were partially dominant while factors for negative geotaxis were recessive. Dominance was not, however, always unidirectional.

scholarly journals Infection-Related Declines in Chill Coma Recovery and Negative Geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e41907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Linderman ◽  
Moria C. Chambers ◽  
Avni S. Gupta ◽  
David S. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Chill Coma

scholarly journals The Drosophila melanogaster Levodopa-Induced Depression Model Exhibits Negative Geotaxis Deficits and Differential Gene Expression in Males and Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago C. Moulin ◽  
Federico Ferro ◽  
Angela Hoyer ◽  
Pierre Cheung ◽  
Michael J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

More than 320 million people live with depression in the world, a disorder that severely limits psychosocial functioning and diminishes quality of life. The prevalence of major depression is almost two times higher in women than in men. However, the molecular mechanisms of its sex-specific pathophysiology are still poorly understood. Drosophila melanogaster is an established model for neurobiological research of depression-like states, as well as for the study of molecular and genetic sex differences in the brain. Here, we investigated sex-specific effects on forced-climbing locomotion (negative geotaxis) and gene expression of a fly model of depression-like phenotypes induced by levodopa administration, which was previously shown to impair normal food intake, mating frequency, and serotonin concentration. We observed that both males and females show deficits in the forced-climbing paradigm; however, modulated by distinct gene expression patterns after levodopa administration. Our results suggest that Drosophila models can be a valuable tool for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of depressive disorder prevalence between men and women.

scholarly journals Valeriana officinalis attenuates the rotenone-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssie Haigert Sudati ◽  
Francielli Araújo Vieira ◽  
Sandra Sartoretto Pavin ◽  
Glaecir Roseni Mundstock Dias ◽  
Rodrigo Lopes Seeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis

scholarly journals Phenotypical Effect of Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) Inhibitor on Behavioral Activities of Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pde5 Inhibitor ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Pde5 Inhibition ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5 ◽  
Physiological Systems

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor is a class of drugs currently used to treat erectile dysfunction. Physiologically, inhibition of PDE5 may lead to vasodilation, blood flow increment, and penile erection. However, PDE5 inhibitors have been reported not only to modify the function of the male reproductive organ but also to influence other physiological systems. To explore the effect of PDE5 inhibitor on metazoan physiological systems, a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) model organism is used since the catalytic domain of fruit fly PDE5/6 shares a high similarity of amino acid sequence (58%) with the PDE5 of humans. This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of PDE5 inhibition by sildenafil is phenotypically observable as changes in the behavioral states. Two behavioral phenotypes of D. melanogaster, negative geotaxis, and ethanol sensitivity, were used as test parameters in this explorative study. The results demonstrated that sildenafil had a significant effect on reducing locomotor activity, as reflected by negative geotaxis assay, but it had no influence on the fruit fly sensitivity to ethanol. Taken together, our results suggested that PDE5 inhibition might impair the physiological condition of the metazoan species. Also, an explorative study using D. melanogaster might offer valuable insight as a model organism in the discovery and repurposing approach of PDE5 inhibitor.

Some correlates of negative geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Murphey ◽  
Cheryl F. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Negative Geotaxis
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