THE GENETICS OF GEOTAXIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Initial Selection ◽  
Geotactic Response

The use of a behavioral character, the geotactic response of Drosophila melanogaster, permitted selection in large replicated populations. Each population was derived from the same base population but after the initial selection, it was maintained independently and treated identically. Diallel cross analysis revealed differences between the additive genetic variances of the strains treated in this way. These differences were largest after about eight generations of selection and decreased by the 16th generation.The analysis of diallel tables also showed that the geotactic response in D. melanogaster was controlled by polygenic factors. On the average, the genes that increase the expression of positive geotaxis were partially dominant while factors for negative geotaxis were recessive. Dominance was not, however, always unidirectional.

scholarly journals Traumatic injury in female Drosophila melanogaster affects the development and induces behavioral abnormalities in the offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Chauhan ◽  
Abha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Geotaxis

Abstract Traumatic injury (TI) during pregnancy increases the risk for developing neurological disorders in the infants. These disorders are a major concern for the well-being of children born after TI during pregnancy. TI during pregnancy may result in preterm labor and delivery, abruptio placentae, and/or fetomaternal hemorrhage. Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) is a widely used model to study brain and behavioral disorders in humans. In this study, we analyzed the effects of TI to female fruit flies on the development timing of larvae, social interaction and the behavior of offspring flies. TI to the female flies was found to affect the development of larvae and the behavior of offspring flies. There was a significant increase in the length of larvae delivered by traumatically injured maternal flies as compared to larvae from control maternal flies (without TI). The pupae formation from larvae, and the metamorphosis of pupae to the first generation of flies were faster in the TI group than the control group. Negative geotaxis and distance of the fly to its nearest neighbor are parameters of behavioral assessment in fruit flies. Negative geotaxis significantly decreased in the first generation of both male (p = 0.0021) and female (p = 0.0426) flies. The distance between the first generation of flies to its nearest neighbor was shorter in both male and female offspring flies in the TI group as compared to control group flies. These results indicate that TI to the female flies affected the development of larvae and resulted in early delivery, impaired social interaction and behavioral alterations in the offspring.

scholarly journals Variance component analysis for viability in an isolated population of Drosophila melanogaster

1983 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Tachida ◽  
Muneo Matsuda ◽  
Shin-Ichi Kusakabe ◽  
Terumi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Variance Component Analysis ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Dominance Variance ◽  
Diversifying Selection ◽  
Partial Diallel

SUMMARYUsing the 602 second chromosome lines extracted from the Ishigakijima population of Drosophila melanogaster in Japan, partial diallel cross experiments (Design II of Comstock & Robinson, 1952) were carried out, and the additive genetic variance and the dominance variance of viability were estimated. The estimated value of the additive genetic variance is 0·01754±0·00608, and the dominance variance 0·00151±0·00114, using a logarithmic scale. Since the value of the additive genetic variance is much larger than expected under mutation–selection balance although the dominance variance is compatible with it, we speculate that in the Ishigakijima population some type of balancing selection must be operating to maintain the genetic variability with respect to viability at a minority of loci. As candidates for such selection, overdominance, frequency-dependent selection, and diversifying selection are considered, and it is suggested that diversifying selection is the most probable candidate for increasing the additive genetic variance.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanolic Extract of Caryota no Seed on Geotactic Behaviour and Fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Chinonye A. Maduagwuna ◽  
Simeon Omale ◽  
Monday A. Etuh ◽  
Steven S. Gyang
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Minute Duration ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

Aims: To investigate the effect of the methanolic extracts of Caryota no (CN) seeds negative geotaxis, fecundity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using Drosophila melanogaster (DM).                                                                                                      Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration: Sample: African Centre of Excellence for Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State Nigeria between June 2018 and February 2019                                                                                                  Methodology: 50 flies were exposed in each vial to the following concentrations: 300 mg, 350 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg and 600 mg of methanolic extracts in 5 replicates for 7 days with daily recording of mortality. Total protein assays were carried out by Randox method from the supernatant from homogenized whole flies. In vivo antioxidant activity study was conducted by measuring level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity from supernatants of whole fly homogenates using a spectrophotometer at specific wavelengths over a 2 minute duration. The values were derived as part of the total protein value. Negative geotaxis was done by the climbing assay and fecundity was examined by rate of emergence of larva after exposure of the flies to treatment. The statistical difference among test groups was presumed at P < .05. Results: The methanolic extract of CN caused nonsignificant (P = .33) decrease in total protein levels compared to the control. There were also nonsignificant decreases in AChE (P = .30) activity, negative geotactic (P = .80) behaviour and nonsignificant increase in fecundity (P = .17) in the methanolic extract-treated flies compared to the controls. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that the methanolic extract of Caryota no nonsignificantly improved fertitity and reduced negative geotaxis and AChE activity in DM.

scholarly journals Response to Selection in Synthetic Lines of Drosophila Melanogaster

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Howe ◽  
JW James
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Experimental Analyses

Response to selection in synthetic lines has been examined by both theoretical and experimental analyses. Synthetic lines were founded from 20 base lines of D. melanogaster all derived from the same base population and which had been selected for high sternopleural bristle number.

scholarly journals The effect of suppressing crossing-over on the response to selection in Drosophila melanogaster

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. McPhee ◽  
Alan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Linkage Equilibrium ◽  
Selection Experiment ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Segregation Ratios

SUMMARYA selection experiment for sternopleural bristles in Drosophila melanogaster was undertaken to measure the effect of suppressing crossing-over on chromosomes II and III using the inversions Curly and Moiré marked with a dominant gene, which severely reduce crossing-over. In one set of lines selected wild-type males were mated to selected females, heterozygous for Cy and Mé, and in a parallel set selected males carrying the inversions were mated to selected wild-type females. Because there is no crossing-over in the males in this species, crossing-over is much reduced in the first set and is at its usual level in the second. The effect of the selection was measured on flies which did not carry the inversions. The suppression of crossing-over reduced the advance at the limit by 28 ± 8% for selection upwards and by 22 ± 7% for selection downwards. The segregation ratios of the inversions were observed throughout the experiment. At the end, the proportion of wild-type flies emerging was not different in the two sets of lines. The results are consistent with an assumption of initial linkage equilibrium between loci affecting sternopleural bristles in the base population.

scholarly journals Infection-Related Declines in Chill Coma Recovery and Negative Geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e41907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Linderman ◽  
Moria C. Chambers ◽  
Avni S. Gupta ◽  
David S. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Chill Coma

scholarly journals The Drosophila melanogaster Levodopa-Induced Depression Model Exhibits Negative Geotaxis Deficits and Differential Gene Expression in Males and Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago C. Moulin ◽  
Federico Ferro ◽  
Angela Hoyer ◽  
Pierre Cheung ◽  
Michael J. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Negative Geotaxis ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

More than 320 million people live with depression in the world, a disorder that severely limits psychosocial functioning and diminishes quality of life. The prevalence of major depression is almost two times higher in women than in men. However, the molecular mechanisms of its sex-specific pathophysiology are still poorly understood. Drosophila melanogaster is an established model for neurobiological research of depression-like states, as well as for the study of molecular and genetic sex differences in the brain. Here, we investigated sex-specific effects on forced-climbing locomotion (negative geotaxis) and gene expression of a fly model of depression-like phenotypes induced by levodopa administration, which was previously shown to impair normal food intake, mating frequency, and serotonin concentration. We observed that both males and females show deficits in the forced-climbing paradigm; however, modulated by distinct gene expression patterns after levodopa administration. Our results suggest that Drosophila models can be a valuable tool for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of depressive disorder prevalence between men and women.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics of postponed aging in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Analysis of outbred populations.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-727
Author(s):  
E W Hutchinson ◽  
M R Rose
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Sex Linkage ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Outbred Populations ◽  
Postponed Aging

Abstract Selection has been used to create replicated outbred stocks of Drosophila melanogaster with increased longevity, increased later fecundity, and increased levels of physiological performance at later ages. The present study analyzed the quantitative transmission patterns of such stocks, employing extensive replication in numbers of stocks, individuals, and assayed characters. The populations used derived from five lines with postponed aging and five control lines, all created in 1980 from the same founding base population. The following characters were studied: early 24-hr fecundity, early ovary weight, early female starvation resistance, early male starvation resistance, female longevity and male longevity. Numerous crosses were performed to test for non-Mendelian inheritance, average dominance, maternal effects, sex-linkage and between-line heterogeneity. There was only slight evidence for any of these phenomena arising reproducibly in the characters studied. These findings suggest the value of this set of stocks for studies of the physiological basis of postponed aging.

scholarly journals How small are the smallest selectable domains of form?

Genetics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Weber
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Base Population

Abstract Two lines of Drosophila melanogaster from the same base population were selected in opposite directions to produce simultaneous antagonistic changes in two very small (less than 0.2 mm) and closely adjacent (less than 0.3 mm) dimensions within the base of the wing. Wing dimensions near the targeted area became differentiated by large positive and negative percentage differences, while only small homogeneous percentage changes occurred in the remainder of the wing. If very small regions of morphology (less than 100 cells across) can respond to selection almost independently, even in small population samples, then the control of developmental detail must involve many genes, and the diversity of possible outcomes in development and adaptation must be large.

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