scholarly journals Production of lytic enzymes by Trichoderma strains during in vitro antagonism with Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of stem rot of groundnut

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parmar H ◽  
P Bodar N ◽  
N Lakhani H ◽  
V Patel S ◽  
V Umrania V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lytic Enzymes

Evaluation of Ammonium Bicarbonate for Control of Soilborne Peanut Pathogens

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
P. M. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight

Abstract Ammonium bicarbonate was evaluated for efficacy against southern stem rot and Sclerotinia blight of peanut in Georgia and Virginia, respectively. In vitro studies indicated the material provided little inhibition of mycelial growth by Sclerotinia minor and Sclerotium rolfsii, and negligible inhibition of mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. However, ammonium bicarbonate did effectively inhibit formation of sclerotia by S. rolfsii in vitro. In the field, it was phytotoxic when applied as a granule or as a foliar spray and in general was not effective in controlling disease or increasing pod yield.

scholarly journals VARIAN SOMAKLONAL KACANG TANAH RESISTEN SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII HASIL SELEKSI IN VITRO MENGGUNAKAN FILTRAT KULTUR CENDAWAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Yusnita Yusnita ◽  
Hajrial Aswidinnoor ◽  
Rita Megia ◽  
Rusmilah Suseno ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variants ◽  
Culture Filtrates

Peanut somaclonal variants resistant to Sclerotium rolfsii derived from in vitro selection with fungal culture filtrates. Sclerotium stem rot is one of the most important peanut disease which often caused significant yield loss.  The use of peanut cultivars resistant to Sclerotium rolfsii infection is the most efficient way to control the disease.  Attempts to obtain peanut lines with tolerance or resistance to Sclerotium stem rot through induction of somaclonal variation and in vitro selection using fungal culture filtrates (CF) have been conducted previously. Somatic embryo (SE) clumps that had been maitained in culture for approximately one year in regeneration medium were exposed onto selective medium containing 30% S. rolfsii CF for three consecutive 1 month –passages, and the SE formed after selection periods were considered to be insensitive to the fungal CF. A number R0 peanut lines have been regenerated from CF-insensitive SE, and their R1 and R2 progenies were grown in a plastic house for evaluation on qualitative and quantitative variant characters.  Early identification for tolerance to S. rolfsii was also conducted among R0 peanut lines, and the results have shown enhanced resistance when compared to the original non-selected cultivar.  However, further evaluation is needed to study responses of the R1 and R2 progenies of the somaclones against S. rolfsii infection.  The objective of this particular study was to evaluate responses of R1 and R2 peanut somaclones derived from fungal CF-insensitif SE against S. rolfsii infection in the plastic house.  Results of this experiment showed, a number of resistant somaclonal variants were obtained among R1 and R2 population, which segregated as resistance and susceptible to S. rolfsii infection.  The resistance somaclonal variants initially showed stem rot symptoms after inoculation with S. rolfsii with disease score (DS) of 1 to 3.  However, as the plants grew and developed, they showed wound-healing process at the lesio and they were able to produce the same or higher number of filled pod as the original non-inoculated peanut plants.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of antagonistic bacteria against Sclerotium rolfsii, causal agent of southern blight of common bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Flavio Camacho-Angulo ◽  
Yolani de Jesús Bojórquez-Armenta ◽  
Bardo Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Jesús Damián Cordero-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Acinetobacter Pittii

El objetivo del presente estudio fue seleccionar cepas bacterianas de la rizósfera del cultivo de frijol y determinar su potencial para el control de <em>Sclerotium rolfsii</em> bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em> e <em>in planta</em>. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo en los municipios de Ahome, Guasave y Angostura, Sinaloa, México, durante el ciclo agrícola 2018-2019. Los aislados se evaluaron bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em> y se seleccionaron los mejores para la evaluación <em>in planta</em> e identificación molecular (tres aislados) con base a la región 16S del ADN ribosomal. Se evaluaron 65 aislados bacterianos <em>in vitro</em> contra <em>S. rolfsii</em> con un porcentaje de inhibición de 2.5 a 65%. <em>Acinetobacter pittii </em>(COHUI06)<em>,</em> <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> (SANMI02) y <em>Burkholderia</em> sp. (GLS06) inhibieron 55, 60 y 65% bajo condiciones <em>in vitro</em>; además resultaron no hemolíticas. Solo <em>Burkholderia</em> sp. ejerció mayor porcentaje de inhibición <em>in planta</em> para el control de <em>S. rolfsii,</em> con reducción de incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad en un 40 y 50% respectivamente, y promovió el peso seco de la planta. Para <em>A. pitti</em> o <em>P. putida</em> no fueron eficientes para el control del hongo <em>in planta</em>. Se sugiere hacer estudios con las bacterias en invernadero y campo.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of fungicides and botanicals against stem rot of chilli caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-440
Author(s):  
AMREEN BEGUM ◽  
M.S. DADKE ◽  
S.S. WAGH ◽  
D.P. KULDHAR ◽  
D.V. PAWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation

Stem Rot of Peanut: Relationship Between in Vitro Fungicide Sensitivity and Field Efficacy of Fungicides

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Franke ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Field Efficacy ◽  
Enhanced Yield

Abstract Isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii exhibiting varying degrees of in vitro fungicide sensitivity were exposed to fungicides in field microplots in 1995 and 1996. Individual peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) plants in 0.9-m microplots were inoculated with isolates of S. rolfsii collected from peanut fields throughout Georgia. The 60 isolates used in the study represented the full range of sensitivity to the fungicides tebuconazole, flutolanil, and PCNB. After inoculation, microplots were treated with recommended rates of tebuconazole (0.227 kg ai/ha), flutolanil (0.337 kg ai/ha), PCNB (5.6 kg ai/ha), or were left untreated. Disease ratings were made at harvest, and pod yield from each plant was recorded. In both years, disease severity was significantly lower in treated microplots for all three fungicides. Isolates with lower in vitro fungicide sensitivity responded as well to labeled rates of all three fungicides as those with high in vitro sensitivity. In vitro sensitivity and percent control in treated microplots were not correlated for all three fungicides. Fungicide sensitivity and the level of infection in nontreated microplots also were not correlated for flutolanil and tebuconazole indicating that virulence was not affected by fungicide sensitivity. However, there was a negative correlation between in vitro sensitivity to PCNB and the level of infection in nontreated microplots in 1995, indicating that isolates with lower in vitro sensitivity were more virulent. However, this trend was not observed when the same isolates were evaluated in 1996. In 1995, plants in PCNB-treated microplots had a significantly higher yield than those in the nontreated microplots. In 1996, all fungicide treatments significantly enhanced yield. Because in vitro sensitivity and field efficacy were not correlated for all three fungicides, labeled rates should control stem rot in the field.

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