scholarly journals Study on biochemical constituents of Sclerotium rolfsii, a causal agent of stem rot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddu Saraswathi ◽  
Madhuri Ravuri Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Potential for Improved Control of Southern Stem Rot of Peanut with Resistance and Fungicides1

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Shew ◽  
M. K. Beute ◽  
J. E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Abstract Potential for improved control of southern stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was evaluated by combining moderate resistance with fungicide use. Various fungicides including carboxin, oxycarboxin, propiconazol, OAC 3890, and PCNB were applied to peanut lines NC 8C, NC Ac 18016, and Florigiant in North Carolina during 1980, 1981, and 1982. Consistently fewer disease loci occurred on NC Ac 18016 than on NC 8C or Florigiant. At least one fungicide reduced stem rot incidence in two of three years tested, but fungicide use did not result in greater yields. Effects of disease resistance and fungicides on suppression of stem rot development were additive.

Partial resistance of Southern Runner, Arachis hypogaea, to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
W. D. Branch ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract The susceptibility of 16 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (eight Virginia and eight runner types) to southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) was evaluated in field tests over three years. Mean disease incidence for all cultivars was 10.0, 15.4 and 16.4 disease loci per 12.2 m row and average yields were 3488, 2826 and 3569 kg/ha in 1986, 1987 and 1988, respectively. Disease incidence averaged 14.3 disease loci per 12.2 m of row for both market types. The mean yield for the eight Virginia types was 3287 kg/ha versus 3214 for the eight runner types. Culitvars within market types varied significantly in disease incidence and pod yield. Of the Virginia types, NC 6 and Florigiant were the most susceptible with NC 9, VA 81B and Early Bunch being the most resistant. Incidence of stem rot in runner cultivars was high except for Southern Runner and Langley which had about 50% less disease than the most susceptible entries. There was a highly significant correlation (P≤0.01) between yields and disease incidence all three years. Overall, Southern Runner had the lowest disease incidence and highest pod yield of any cultivar. Compared to Florunner, the current industry standard for runner types, Southern Runner had about 50% less disease and yields were 1346 kg/ha higher.

scholarly journals Reaction of Select Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines to Southern Stem Rot and Pythium Pod Rot Under Varied Disease Pressure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Smith ◽  
T. E. Boswell ◽  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
C. E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Eight breeding lines, three parents, and the cultivar Florunner were compared under two levels of disease pressure induced by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., or Pythium myriotylum Drechs. at each of two locations for three years to ascertain the effectiveness of the host plant resistance to each pathogen. Varied disease pressures were created by application of fungicides and supplement of fungal inoculum. Mean Florunner pod yields varied more than 1000 kg/ha as a result of the S. rolfsii treatments but the yields of the resistant TxAG-3 were not affected. Disease incidence, as measured by frequency of S. rolfsii infection sites and diseased pods, was much higher for Florunner than TxAG-3. Breeding lines for which TxAG-3 was a parent sustained significant yield reductions. The disease incidence in these lines was higher than the resistant parent, equal or less than Tamnut 74, their other parent, and less than Florunner. The grades of TxAG-3 and its derivatives were lower than Florunner. Pod rot incidence differed for the P. myriotylum treatments but pod yields were not different. TxAG-3 and Toalson sustained less pod disease than Florunner and Tamnut 74. The percent of diseased pod tissue for one derivative of Toalson was lower than Toalson and TxAG-3, and that of one TxAG-3 derivative was equal to its best parent. The breeding lines varied in reaction to the two diseases and some lines showed considerable resistance to both organisms.

Etiology of Peanut Pod Rot in Nicaragua: II. The Role of Pythium myriotylum as Defined by Applications of Gypsum and Fungicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Augusto ◽  
Timothy B. Brenneman ◽  
Alexander S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is monocultured in western Nicaragua on loamysand soils, and a pod rot of unknown etiology can greatly reduce crop yield. Pythium myriotylum was frequently isolated from symptomatic pods in fields surveyed at Cosiguina, Leon, and Chinandega regions, although Rhizoctonia and Fusarium were also common. Applications of mefenoxam (0.57 kg a.i./ha), azoxystrobin (0.34 kg a.i./ha), and gypsum (670 kg/ha) at beginning pod and 28 to 35 days later were evaluated in field trials to determine their effects on pod rot and yield. Mefenoxam consistently decreased pod rot incidence and increased yield when disease was severe at Cosiguina. In Leon and Chinandega, azoxystrobin increased yield in fields with little pod rot, apparently by controlling stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), but did not decrease pod rot incidence. Application of gypsum had no effect on pod rot incidence or yield, but sometimes increased calcium levels in shells. Pod mycoflora isolations and response to mefenoxam suggest P. myriotylum is the primary cause of peanut pod rot in Nicaragua, especially in Cosiguina, where pod rot incidence was high. Accepted for publication 4 November 2009. Published 15 February 2010.

Activity of Fosthiazate against Meloidogyne arenaria, Frankliniella spp., and Sclerotium rolfsii in peanut1

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Minton ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. Bondari ◽  
G. W. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Organophosphorus Compound ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract The efficacy of fosthiazate, a new organophosphorus compound, against the peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood), thrips (Frankliniella spp.), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was studied for 2 years at Tifton, Georgia. Different rates and methods of applying granular and emulsifiable concentrate formulations of fosthiazate were compared with rates and methods of applying granular fenamiphos and aldicarb which were included as standard treatments. When compared with untreated controls, all treatments of all compounds increased peanut yield and reduced nematode galls on peanut roots, pods, and pegs and thrips damage to foliage significantly in both years. The treatments, however, varied in their effects on southern stem rot. Peanut yields from plots treated with equal rates of the granular and emulsifiable concentrate formulations of fosthiazate were similar. Yields of plots treated with fosthiazate at different rates compared favorably with those treated with comparable rates of fenamiphos and aldicarb. Fosthiazate increased peanut yield as much as 214% in 1990 and 64% in 1991, but yields varied with rates applied.

Control of Southern Stem Rot and Rhizoctonia Limb Rot of Peanut with Flutolanil

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Disease Loci

Abstract Flutolanil (SN 84364) was evaluated in vitro against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani AG-4. ED50 values were < 0.01 and < 0.1 μg/mL for S. rolfsii and R. solani, respectively, while Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) had ED50 values of < 0.1 and < 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. Concentrations of flutolanil at 0.1 μg/mL greatly reduced sclerotia and sclerotia initial development of S. rolfsii. Field evaluations were conducted near Tifton, GA, during 1983–86 for control of southern stem rot (S. rolfsii) and Rhizoctonia limb rot (R. solani AG 4) on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Flutolanil 50 WP applied as a banded (40 cm) foliar spray at rates of 1.12 – 5.6 kg ai/ha at pegging (about 60 days post seeding) significantly (P = 0.05) decreased both disease loci numbers caused by S. rolfsii and percentage of vines infected with R. solani. Yields were increased significantly (P = 0.05) in all treatments over the four years of trials. Flutolanil 7 G was significantly (P = 0.05) less effective in controlling southern stem rot and increasing yield than the 50 WP formulation.

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