scholarly journals Microspore culture of Zantedeschia aethiopica: The role of monosaccharides in sporophytic development

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (50) ◽  
pp. 10287-10292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Shimin ◽  
Li Xiaolu ◽  
Yang Lili ◽  
Wu Hongzhi ◽  
Zheng Sixiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Sporophytic Development

Phytophthora richardiae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Main Root ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Calla Lily

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora richardiae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Asparagus sp., Daucus carota, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zantedeschia aethiopica, Z. aethiopica var. minor. DISEASE: Tuber rot of calla filly; foot rot of tomato; spear rot of asparagus; a facultatively necrotrophic plant pathogen. Symptoms on calla lily are: a yellow discoloration of the outer parts of leaves, slowly spreading over the entire leaf, then affecting inner leaves. Flowers are small, and, roots which are readily broken, only small pieces remaining attached to the tuber. In tomato, the disease symptoms are dieback of the main root and greying and hollowing of the stem base (46, 1335). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia; Philippines. Australasia & Oceania; Australia (NSW). Europe Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, UK (England, N. Ireland). North America; USA (California, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington State). See IMI Distribution Map No. 171. TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably by zoospores in wet soil. The role of oospores is unknown, but presumably they act as perennating structures.

The 35S-CaMV promoter is silent during early embryogenesis but activated during nonembryogenic sporophytic development in microspore culture

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 208 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. M. Custers ◽  
S. C. H. J. Snepvangers ◽  
H. J. Jansen ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
M. M. van Lookeren Campagne
Keyword(s):  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Sporophytic Development

scholarly journals Microspore embryogenesis in vitro: the role of stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Djatchouk ◽  
O. V. Khomyakova ◽  
V. N. Akinina ◽  
I. A. Kibkalo ◽  
A. V. Pominov
Keyword(s):  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Gametic Embryogenesis ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Dh Lines

Gametic embryogenesis is one form of totipotency of plant cells, in which either male or female gametes are induced to form embryoids (sporophytes). Regeneration of haploid plants from embryoids and subsequent chromosome duplication result in doubled haploids and DH-lines. The production of haploids and doubled haploids (DHs) through gametic embryogenesis allows a single-stage development of complete homozygous lines from heterozygous plants. The development of effective haploid protocols to produce homozygous plants has a significant impact on plant breeding, shorting the time and costs required to establish new cultivars. There are several available methods to obtain haploids and DHs-lines, of which anther or isolated microspore culture in vitro are the most effective. Microspore embryogenesis is more commonly applied. This is in part because more male gametophytes are contained in a single anther compared to the single female gametophyte per embryo sac. Microspore embryogenesis is regarded as one of the most striking examples of plant cell totipotency. The switch of cultured microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic mode of development has been induced by stress treatments of various kinds applied to donor plants, inflorescences, buds, anthers or isolated microspores both in vivo and in  vitro. Physical or chemical pretreatments (cold and heat shock, sugar starvation, colchicine, n-butanol, gametocydes) act as a trigger for inducing the sporophytic pathway, preventing the gametophytic pathway development of microspore. The recent investigations have revealed that cold pretreatment during microspore reprogramming acts rather as an anti-stress factor alleviating the real stress caused by nutrient starvation of anthers or microspores isolated from donor plants. Under stress pretreatment a vacuolated and polarized microspore transformed into a depolarized and dedifferentiated cell, which is an obligatory condition for reprogramming their development. We summarize data concerning the role of various stresses in the induction of microspore embryogenesis and possible mechanisms of their action at cellular and molecular levels. Identification of new stresses allows creating efficient protocols of doubled haploid production for end-user application in the breeding of many important crops.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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