scholarly journals Effects of nitric oxide on the growth and antioxidant response of submerged plants Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (44) ◽  
pp. 7470-7476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Hao ◽  
Zhang Songhe ◽  
Zhang Wenjing ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Wang Peifang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Submerged Plants

scholarly journals Defense Mechanisms of Two Pioneer Submerged Plants during Their Optimal Performance Period in the Bioaccumulation of Lead: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Li ◽  
Linglei Zhang ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Xiaojia He ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mda Content

Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, two pioneer, submerged plants, effectively remove heavy metals from contaminated water. The present work evaluates the bioaccumulation and defense mechanisms of these plants in the accumulation of lead from contaminated water during their optimal performance period. C. demersum and H. verticillata were investigated after 14 days of exposure to various lead concentrations (5–80 μM). The lead accumulation in both C. demersum and H. verticillata increased with an increasing lead concentration, reaching maximum values of 2462.7 and 1792 mg kg−1 dw, respectively, at 80 μM. The biomass and protein content decreased significantly in C. demersum when exposed to lead. The biomass of H. verticillata exposed to lead had no significant difference from that of the controls, and the protein content increased for the 5–10 μM exposure groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were much higher in C. demersum, suggesting considerable damage from lipid peroxidation and sensitivity to lead stress. Enzyme inhibition and inactivation were also observed in C. demersum at high lead concentrations (40–80 μM). The excellent growth status, low damage from lipid peroxidation, and high activity of catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) observed in H. verticillata illustrate its better tolerance under the same lead stress.

scholarly journals Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Santos-Rosendo ◽  
Fernando Bugatto ◽  
Alvaro González-Domínguez ◽  
Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho ◽  
Rosa Maria Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide-induced Transcriptional Up-regulation of Protective Genes by Nrf2 via the Antioxidant Response Element Counteracts Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (19) ◽  
pp. 20096-20107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar Dhakshinamoorthy ◽  
Alan G. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Gene Induction ◽  
Nuclear Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidant Response Element ◽  
Response Element ◽  
Protective Genes ◽  
Detoxifying Enzyme ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that in excess causes cell death. Here we report a mechanism of NO-induced transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding detoxifying enzymes and protective proteins and their role in counteracting NO-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells. Promoter analysis using reporter assays identified the antioxidant response element (ARE) located in the promoter region of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and other detoxifying enzyme genes as responsible for NO-mediated gene induction. The transcription factors NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and small maf proteins were detected in NO-induced nuclear protein-ARE complexes. Nrf2 augmented NO-induced, ARE-dependent gene expression, which was blocked by dominant-negative Nrf2 (DN-Nrf2) lacking the transcriptional activation domain. Consistent with these results, Nrf2 was localized in the cytoplasm in unstimulated cells, and NO triggered its rapid nuclear accumulation. Neuroblastoma cells were stably transfected with DN-Nrf2, which repressed both the expression of protective genes and their induction by NO. These DN-Nrf2 cells exhibited reduced NQO1 enzymatic activity and were sensitized to NO-induced apoptosis. Similar results were obtained when Nrf2 expression was blocked by RNA interference. Conversely, stable cells expressing higher levels of Nrf2 protein had elevated NQO1 activity and were protected from NO. Finally, NO-mediated ARE-dependent gene induction occurred well before apoptosis as judged by caspase activation. These results together suggest that NO signals the transcriptional up-regulation of NQO1 and other detoxifying enzyme and protective genes through Nrf2 via the ARE to counteract NO-induced apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells.

scholarly journals Andrographolide Activates Keap1/Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 Pathway in HT22 Cells and Suppresses Microglial Activation by Aβ42through Nrf2-Related Inflammatory Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Seo ◽  
Euisun Pyo ◽  
Jin-Pyo An ◽  
Jinwoong Kim ◽  
Sang Hyun Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Antioxidant Response Element ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Therapeutic approach of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been gradually diversified. We examined the therapeutic and preventive potential of andrographolide, which is a lactone diterpenoid fromAndrographis paniculata, and focused on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated heme oxygenase (HO)-1-inducing effects and the inhibitory activity of amyloid beta (Aβ)42-induced microglial activation related to Nrf2 and nuclear factorκB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses. Andrographolide induced the expression and translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby activating antioxidant response element (ARE) gene transcription and HO-1 expression in murine hippocampal HT22 cells. Andrographolide eliminated intracellular Aβ42in BV-2 cells and decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin (PG)E2, and nitric oxide (NO) because of artificial phagocytic Aβ42. It decreased pNF-κB accumulation in the nucleus and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and cyclooxygenase II (COX-II) in the microglial BV-2 cell line. In summary, andrographolide activates Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression and inhibits Aβ42-overexpressed microglial BV-2 cell activation. These results suggested that andrographolide might have the potential for further examination of the therapeutics of AD.

scholarly journals Response Of Strawberry ‘Selva’ Plants On Foliar Application Of Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitric Oxide Donor) Under Saline Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Jamali ◽  
Saeid Eshghi ◽  
Bahman Kholdebarin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Earlier Application

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant response of ‘Selva’ strawberry plants on exogenous nitric oxide under saline conditions with respect to time of application. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as nitric oxide (NO) source, was applied on the leaves by spray before, simultaneously, or after the initiation of saline stress. Results indicated that salinity and/or SNP at concentrations of 50 and 75 μM caused increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidases as well as leaf content of proline, glycine betaine and total phenolics in comparison to control. Time of NO application was important because the highest levels of catalase and ascorbic peroxidase were in plants pre-treated with SNP one week before the initiation of salinity stress. Plants from these combinations had the highest fruit yield among all saline stressed plants. So, it seems that earlier application of SNP is more effective for an optimised protection against deleterious influence of salinity stress, because pre-treated plants had a sufficient time to develop an appropriate antioxidant response. The application of SNP simultaneously or after exposure of plants to stress conditions, was also helpful in increasing plant tolerance but to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals Salivary and Plasmatic Antioxidant Profile following Continuous, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Exercise: Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriele V. Souza ◽  
Jéssica S. Giolo ◽  
Renata R. Teixeira ◽  
Danielle D. Vilela ◽  
Leonardo G. Peixoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Exercise Adaptation ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The increase in antioxidant responses promoted by regular physical activity is strongly associated with the attenuation of chronic oxidative stress and physiological mechanisms related to exercise adaptation. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare how different exercise protocols (HIIE: high-intensity interval exercise, CE: continuous exercise, and RE: resistance exercise) may alter salivary and plasmatic antioxidants and salivary markers of exercise intensity and nitric oxide. Thirteen healthy, trained male subjects were submitted to the three exercise protocols. Blood and saliva samples were collected at the points preexercise, postexercise, and 3 hours postexercise. Antioxidants (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and levels of reduced glutathione and uric acid), markers of exercise intensity (salivary total protein and amylase activity), and salivary nitric oxide were evaluated. As a result, all exercise protocols increased the markers of exercise intensity and nitric oxide. Antioxidant response was increased after exercise, and it was found that a single HIIE session exerts a similar pattern of antioxidant response compared to CE, in plasma and saliva samples, while RE presented minor alterations. We suggest that HIIE may lead to alterations in antioxidants and consequently to the physiological processes related to redox, similar to the CE, with the advantage of being performed in a shorter time. In addition, the antioxidant profile of saliva samples showed to be very similar to that of plasma, suggesting that saliva may be an alternative and noninvasive tool in sports medicine for the study of antioxidants in different physical exercise protocols.

Endoglucanase activity of cellulolytic bacteria from lake sediments and its application in hydrophyte degradation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongpei Zhang ◽  
Qianzheng Li ◽  
Yuqing Zhao ◽  
Mingzhen Zhang ◽  
Dong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Endoglucanase Activity

Abstract Hydrophytes are plants that grow in or on water. Their overgrowth adversely affects the ecosystem because of crowding out other aquatic organisms and polluting the environment with plant residue. In principle, cellulolytic bacteria can be used to degrade hydrophyte biomass. We here isolated and characterized four cellulolytic bacterial strains from Lake Donghu sediments (Wuhan, China) that are rich in organic matter and plant residues. The isolates (WDHS-01 to 04) represent Bacillus, Micromonospora, and Streptomyces genera. The bacteria exhibited pronounced endoglucanase activities (from 0.022 to 0.064 U mL–1). They did not extensively degrade the emerged plant Canna indica L. However, in an Hydrilla verticillata (submerged plant) degradation medium, strain WDHS-02 exhibited a high degradation rate (54.91%), endoglucanase activity of 0.35 U mL–1 and the conversion rate of cellulose to reducing sugars of 7.15%. Correlation analysis revealed that bacterial endoglucanase activity was significantly correlated with the degradation rate, and acid detergent lignin, ash and cellulose content of the residual H. verticillata powder. In conclusion, the identified bacteria efficiently decomposed submerged plants without the need for acid–base pretreatment. They expand the set of known cellulolytic bacteria and can be used for natural degradation of submerged plants.

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