scholarly journals Placental Adaptive Changes to Protect Function and Decrease Oxidative Damage in Metabolically Healthy Maternal Obesity

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Santos-Rosendo ◽  
Fernando Bugatto ◽  
Alvaro González-Domínguez ◽  
Alfonso M. Lechuga-Sancho ◽  
Rosa Maria Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Pregnancy-related disorders, including preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, are characterized by the presence of an adverse intrauterine milieu that may ultimately result in oxidative and nitrosative stress. This scenario may trigger uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O●−) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO), along with an inactivation of antioxidant systems, which are associated with the occurrence of relevant changes in placental function through recognized redox post-translational modifications in key proteins. The general objective of this study was to assess the impact of a maternal obesogenic enviroment on the regulation of the placental nitroso-redox balance at the end of pregnancy. We measured oxidative damage markers—thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) and carbonyl groups (C=O) levels; nitrosative stress markers—inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrosothiol groups, and nitrotyrosine residues levels; and the antioxidant biomarkers—catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and expression, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in full-term placental villous from both pre-pregnancy normal weight and obese women, and with absence of metabolic complications throughout gestation. The results showed a decrease in C=O and TBARS levels in obese pregnancies. Although total SOD and catalase concentrations were shown to be increased, both activities were significantly downregulated in obese pregnancies, along with total antioxidant capacity. Inducible nitric oxide sintase levels were increased in the obese group compared to the lean group, accompanied by an increase in nitrotyrosine residues levels and lower levels of nitrosothiol groups in proteins such as ERK1/2. These findings reveal a reduction in oxidative damage, accompanied by a decline in antioxidant response, and an increase via NO-mediated nitrative stress in placental tissue from metabolically healthy pregnancies with obesity. All this plausibly points to a placental adaptation of the affected antioxidant response towards a NO-induced alternative pathway, through changes in the ROS/RNS balance, in order to reduce oxidative damage and preserve placental function in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Oleuropein on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Stress- An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altug Kucukgul ◽  
Mehmet M. Isgor ◽  
Vesile Duzguner ◽  
Meryem N. Atabay ◽  
Azime Kucukgul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Human Glioblastoma ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Human Glioblastoma Cells

Background: Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods: Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results: According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion: Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and MC4R Polymorphisms in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Overweight/Obese Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
maryam elhamkia ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Sara Pooyan ◽  
Zahra Veysi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity

Abstract Background: 3-15% of people with obesity display a metabolically healthy phenotype. An inflammatory diet impairs metabolic signaling pathways and eliciting metabolic syndrome. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how the Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) and the MC4R variants affect the metabolic health status in overweight and obese Iranian women.Methods and results: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 237 overweight-obese Tehrani women with mean age of 36 years.The DTAC was calculated using the following indices: total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP). The Metabolic health was evaluated using the Karelis criteria. The MC4R genotypes were determined by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Approximately 43% of participants were identified as Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity (MUO), 6% Metabolically Healthy Obesity (MHO) including 42.5% of the total had T/T genotype ,23.8% had the C/T genotype, and 33.5% had the C/C genotype (P=0.05). In the C/C genotype people 75% were unhealthy whereas it was lower in T/T and T/C genotype people. Further, The C/C genotype with higher DTAC quartile had higher Karlis score than other DTAC quartile. A liner model test supported that the probability of MHO was significantly higher in subjects with the T/C genotype (β=-0.001, 95% CI= -0.001-4.796; P ≤ 0.1). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the C/C genotype with higher DTAC had favorable lipid profile and were metabolically healthier. It is plausible that dietary modification targeting antioxidant intake may attenuate metabolic impairments associated with genetic predisposition.

scholarly journals Effects of Regular Treadmill Exercise on a DNA Oxidative-Damage Marker and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Rat Hippocampal Tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleiman Mahjoub ◽  
Arezoo Ghadi ◽  
Roghayeh Pourbagher ◽  
Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki ◽  
Jila Masrour-Roudsari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Dna Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Damage Marker

scholarly journals Age and sex related serum changes in nitric oxide and its correlation with plasma lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in healthy ageing individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Rohit Sheth ◽  
Tanmay Bhat ◽  
Suchetha Kumari N. ◽  
Harshini Devi Ullal
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Background: The free radical theory of aging postulates that aging results from the accumulation of deleterious effects caused by free radicals, and the ability of an organism to cope with cellular damage induced by ROS plays an important role in determining organismal lifespan. GSH and SOD functions by donating the proton and in scavenging the superoxide radicals, thereby protecting the body against oxidative stress by scavenging the free radicals produced in the body. Glutathione peroxidase also have similar function, it reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water.Methods: Hundred healthy adults from staff and student community under the age group of 20 to 60 years were recruited. Approximately 5ml blood sample was collected and used for the analysis of lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status using standard protocol.Results: The lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status were measured and compared with that of serum nitric oxide levels of 100 healthy individuals of the age 20-60 yrs. Men aged 20-29 years showed significantly higher NO levels compared to corresponding women. There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. With the decrease in NO there is increase in MDA is observed.Conclusions: There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. This reduction in antioxidant capacity implies a defect in antioxidant system, may be due to a reduction in individual antioxidant or may be caused by a non-equilibrium or poor cooperation between them.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Free-Roaming Cats Infected by Pathogenic Leptospires

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Murillo Picco ◽  
Rafaela Cuenca ◽  
Emmanuel Serrano ◽  
Asta Tvarijonaviciute ◽  
José Cerón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected but widespread zoonotic disease throughout the world. The vast majority of mammals are hosts of Leptospira spp., including domestic cats. Though clinical signs of active leptospirosis are generally mild in cats, chronic infections might result in renal injury. However, there is no consensus either on the clinical presentation nor on the disease diagnosis in cats. The study of acute-phase proteins (APPs) and biomarkers of oxidative status would contribute to knowledge about the development ofthe disease in cats. In this report, we evaluated four APPs: Serum amyloid A-SAA, Haptoglobin–Hp, albumin and Paraoxonase 1-PON1 and the antioxidant response through Total Antioxidant Capacity-TAC, in 13 free-roaming cats naturally infected by pathogenic leptospires and 19 leptospires-free cats, through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: DNA positive cats showed higher serum SAA and Hp concentrations than seropositive cats and their leptospires-free counterparts. DNA positive individuals, however, had lower serum PON1 activity and albumin concentrations than seropositive and leptospires-free cats. On the other hand, the increase in TAC serum concentrations was positively associated with anti-leptospiral antibodies titre. The PCA retained two principal components (PC1 and PC2), explaining 60.1% of the observed variability of the inflammatory proteins and the antioxidant TAC. PC1 was mainly associated with an inflammatory process, whereas PC2 correlated with the antioxidant status. The most contributing variables in PC1 where albumin (27.46%), SAA (24.71%), Hp (21.56%) and PON1 (20.69%). Variables with significant contribution to the PC2 were the antibody titre against Leptospira spp. (48.41%) and TAC (35.04%). Overall the PCA revealed differences in inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in cats naturally infected with leptospires compared to leptospires-free cats.Conclusions: Increases in Serum SAA, Hp, and decreases in serum albumin concentrations and PON1 activity indicate an acute phase response in infected, DNA positive cats. Moreover, we found an increase in TAC serum concentrations indicating an antioxidant response in this infection, which is proportional to the antibody titre and not to the presence of bacterial DNA.

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