scholarly journals Chemical and biological managment of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) disease in irrigated common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (46) ◽  
pp. 2631-2640
Author(s):  
Lucas de Araujo Silva Jefferson ◽  
Souza Alves Fonseca Rafaela ◽  
Rodrigues Rietjens Anderson ◽  
Marcos Lemes Natanael ◽  
Luiz da Paz Lima Milton
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Common Beans

Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Terán ◽  
S P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Nueva Granada

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Numbers and distribution of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boland ◽  
R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
White Bean

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont., in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.

Response of bush and upright plant type selections to white mold and seed yield of common beans grown in various row widths in southern Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Canopy Type

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas. It reduces seed yield and lowers the quality of beans. Development of the disease is thought to be affected by plant canopy type (architecture), and by genetic resistance. This study determined the effect of plant type and row width on white mold and seed yield. Three short bush/vine and four semi-determinate upright genotypes were tested in narrow (30 cm) and wide (60 and 80 cm) rows for 2 yr in a field prone to white mold development. Incidence and disease index increased as row width became narrower. The upright type was infected less than the short bush type. Ex Rico 23, which is a short vine, open canopy type, was moderately resistant to the mold. A tall upright selection, A55, showed the lowest mold infection; it was significantly less than that of Ex Rico 23. Seed yield of all genotypes increased as row width decreased even though there was an increase in white mold incidence. Stiff-strawed upright types had less lodging. To reduce white mold, cultivars should have lodging resistance, narrow canopied upright plant type and genetic resistance. Development of the upright plant types allows for narrow-row production and direct combining. Key words: Dry edible bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, plant type, row width, seed yield

scholarly journals Screening for Partial Physiological Resistance to White Mold in Dry Bean Using Excised Stems

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Miklas ◽  
K.F. Grafton ◽  
B.D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Physiological Resistance

A laboratory procedure was tested to determine whether excised stems would allow a reliable indication of partial physiological resistance (PPR) to white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary] in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Excised stems from 11- and 28-day-old plants were inoculated with growing mycelium of S. sclerotiorum, incubated for 4 to 7 days (11- and 28-day assays, respectively), then assayed for lesion length (LL). A total of 15 bean genotypes were screened for PPR, as indicated by LL. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among LL means of small- and medium-seeded bean genotypes were detected in the 28-day assay, whereas only LL means among medium-seeded genotypes. differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the n-day assay. `Bunsi', `C-20', `Sierra', `Topaz', and snap bean breeding lines NY 5262, NY 5394, and NY 5403 had the highest PPR and `Upland', D76125, and `UI-114' the lowest. The results from both assays were repeatable. A moderately high correlation (r = 0.68, P < 0.02) was observed between PPR and field resistance. The 28-day assay has potential for evaluating dry bean germplasm for PPR to white mold disease caused by S. sclerotiorum. A 28-day assay also was used to measure virulence of 18 isolates of S. sclerotiorum. The 18 isolates did not differ (P < 0.05) for virulence when measured by LL. The lack of any genotype × isolate interaction for LL indicated lack of host-pathogen specificity.

scholarly journals Chemigation with benomyl and fluazinam and their fungicidal effects in soil for white mold control on dry beans

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério F. Vieira ◽  
Cleide M. F. Pinto ◽  
Trazilbo J. de Paula Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Control Equivalent

The effectiveness of fungicides in controlling white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) was evaluated when they were applied through irrigation water directly onto the plants or only to the soil. Two field trials were installed in April 1998 and April 1999 in Viçosa, MG. Trials were conducted as a (2 x 3) + 1 factorial: two fungicides x three application modes + one untreated control. The fungicides were benomyl (1.0 kg a.i. ha-1) and fluazinam (0.5 l a.i. ha-1). The three application modes were: (a) by backpack sprayer (667 l ha-1), (b) by garden watering-cans simulating sprinkler irrigation with 35,000 l ha-1 of water, and (c) by garden watering-cans applying water between the rows and near the soil surface in 35,000 l ha-1 of water. In 1998, fungicides were applied at 43 and 54 days after emergence (DAE); in 1999, at 47 and 61 DAE. Both fungicides were similarly effective on white mold control when applied by either chemigation or backpack sprayer, resulting in yields 21% higher than untreated control. Only fluazinam provided disease control when applications were made only in soil. Chemigation provided white mold control equivalent to that of backpack sprayer in terms of incidence, severity and number of diseased pods. Consequently, yield differences between these application methods were not significant.

scholarly journals White-mold Avoidance and Agronomic Attributes of Upright Common Beans Grown at Multiple Planting Densities in Narrow Rows

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Saindon ◽  
Henry C. Huang ◽  
Gerry C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Cost

The putative yield advantage associated with growing upright beans (Phaseohs vulgaris L.) at high planting densities in narrow (0.23-m) rows might he compromised by a higher risk of white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] because of reduced air flow through the crop canopy. This four-yeai-study was undertaken to compare the white-mold avoidance and agronomic attributes of upright bean lines and to determine whether their yields can he increased by raising planting density. Four upright lines and a viny line as a control were established in narrow rows at planting densities ranging from 25 to 60 plants/m* in a field artificially infested with sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. On average, the four upright lines had lower incidence of white mold and smaller disease severity indices than the control, `UI36', indicating that the development of white mold is reduced in dense, erect canopies. There were differences in disease response among the upright lines, with `ISB82865' and `UI906' being the least and most susceptible entries, respectively. Increases in planting densities resulted in higher yields and influenced the development of white mold hut had no effect on vine length, lodging, and maturity. However, the planting density effect on the disease response was not consistent among entries in 2 of the 4 years. The results of this study indicate that upright beans can he grown at high planting densities without greatly increasing the risk of a white-mold outbreak. The choice of the most appropriate planting density for upright beans depends largely on the cost of seed.

Bacillus sp. FSQ1: a Promising Biological Control Agent Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the Causal Agent of white Mold in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Villarreal-Delgado ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra-Cota ◽  
Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez ◽  
María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

scholarly journals FUNGIGAÇÃO NO CONTROLE DO MOFO BRANCO E PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJOEIRO EM CONDIÇÕES DE CERRADO BRASILEIRO

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Venegas ◽  
João Carlos Cury Saad
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Grade Scale ◽  
Application Techniques

 O presente estudo objetivou determinar a severidade da doença mofo branco (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary) e os componentes de produção do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), var. Pérola, submetido a aplicação do fungicida procimidone (Sialex 500), via fungigação (pivô central) e pulverizador automotriz (Uniport). O estudo foi realizado sob condições de produção comercial em campo, no município de Primavera do Leste - MT.  O experimento constou de 5 tratamentos (com 4 repetições de 4 ha cada), sendo 4 deles envolvendo duas aplicações de procimidone (1,2 kg ha -1 cada aplicação), aos 42 dias e aos 52 dias após o plantio (DAP), e um deles sem aplicação deste produto, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados.  Foram testadas as lâminas de água de 5,5 e 11,0  mm na aplicação via pivô central, proporcionando assim volume de calda de 55.000 e 110.000 L ha -1, respectivamente, e os volumes de 120 e 200 L ha -1 de calda no pulverizador automotriz. O critério adotado em todas as avaliações da severidade da doença foi o da porcentagem da área foliar lesionada utilizando escala diagramática de severidade da doença mofo branco. Os  valores foram usados para calcular a área abaixo da curva de progresso de doença (AACPD). Foram analisados também, o número dos apotécios do fungo durante o ciclo da cultura e o peso dos escleródios residuais do patógeno na colheita. Nesta ocasião foram avaliados os seguintes componentes da produção da cultura: número de plantas por parcela (stand final), número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, peso médio de 200 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Os valores da AACPD, apotécios aos 42, 49 e 56 DAP, escleródios em 2 kg de solo e  os parâmetros de produtividade da cultura foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de comparação de médias de Tukey no nível de 5 % de significância, utilizando o programa computacional STAT. Nas condições experimentais em que se desenvolveu o trabalho, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre as diferentes técnicas de aplicação estudadas em relação ao parâmetros de produtividade, porém, melhores resultados de controle da doença mofo branco, menor número de apotécios por m2 aos 49 e 56 DAP e menor peso dos escleródios residuais na colheita foram obtidos com a aplicação do fungicida via pivô central, independentemente do volume de calda utilizado.   UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, fungigação.             VENEGAS, F; SAAD, J. C. C.  WHITE MOLD CONTROL USING FUNGIGATION AND YIELD BEAN IN BRAZILIAN SAVANNAH CONDITIONS.     2 ABSTRACT              The aim of this research was to evaluate the white mold severity (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) of Bary), bean production components and yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), variety Perola, according to the application of procimidone fungicide (Sialex 500), through fungigation (center pivot) and automotive sprayer (Uniport). The study was carried under field production commercial conditions, in Primavera do Leste - MT - Brazil. The experiment consisted of 5 treatments (with 4 repetitions of 4 ha each), all with two procimidone applications (1.2 kg ha-1 each application, same as, 0.6 kg a.i. per hectare) to the 42 and 52 days after seeding. The water depths of 5.5 and 11.0 mm were tested in the application through central pivot (this had your checked uniformity), providing volumes of 55.000 and 110.000 L ha-1, respectively,  and the volumes of 120 and 200 L ha-1 in the automotive sprayer. The severity of disease was evaluated by the percentage of the area affected by plant damage using diagramatic grade scale of white mold severity, as described by Azevedo (1998). The values were used to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). They were also analyzed, the number of the fungus apothecia during the crop cycle and the residual sclerotias weight in harvest. On this occasion, it was also evaluated the crop yield parameters: number of plants per plot (final stand), pods per plant, grains per pod, medium weight of 200 grains and productivity of grains. The AUDPC values, apothecia to 42, 49 and 56 days after seeding, sclerotias in 2 soil kg and the crop productivity parameters were submitted to the variance analysis and Tukey Test at 0.05 of probability. This test was also applied in the comparison among the different fungicide application methods, independent of spray volumes in each one. The statistical processing was accomplished by STAT program. The results showed that weren't differences among application techniques studied in relation to productivity parameters, however,  best white mold control, smaller apothecia number to 49 and 56 days after seeding and smaller weight of residual sclerotias in the harvest were obtained with the fungigation, independently of the spray volume used.   KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, fungigation. 

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