On-farm evaluation of integrated weed management in no-till rainfed crops in semi-arid Morocco

Advantages of no-till (NT) production systems are acknowledged throughout the world. During the 1990s, production of NT vegetable crops has increased for both direct seeded and transplanted crops. Increased interest in reduced-tillage systems among research workers and vegetable growers is attributed to: 1) development and commercialization of NT transplanters and seeders, 2) advancements in the technology and practice of producing and managing high-residue cover crop mulches, and 3) improvements and acceptance of integrated weed management techniques. Results from research experiments and grower's fields over the years has shown that success with NT transplanted crops is highly dependent on achieving key production objectives, including: 1) production of dense, uniformly distributed cover crops; 2) skillful management of cover crops before transplanting, leaving a heavy, uniformly distributed killed mulch cover over the soil surface; 3) establishment of transplants into cover crops with minimum disturbance of surface residues and surface soil; and 4) adoption of year-round weed control strategies.

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Management of Herbicide-Resistant Corn Poppy (Papaver rhoeas) under Different Tillage Systems Does Not Change the Frequency of Resistant Plants

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 764-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joel Torra ◽

Aritz Royo-Esnal ◽

Jordi Rey-Caballero ◽

Jordi Recasens ◽

Marisa Salas

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Weed Management ◽

Initial Density ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Papaver Rhoeas ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

No Till ◽

Direct Drilling ◽

Als Inhibitor

AbstractCorn poppy (Papaver rhoeasL.) is the most widespread broadleaf weed species infesting winter cereals in Europe. Biotypes that are resistant to both 2,4-D and tribenuron-methyl, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, have evolved in recent decades, thus narrowing the options for effective chemical control. Though the effectiveness of several integrated weed management (IWM) strategies have been confirmed, none of these strategies have been tested to manage multiple herbicide–resistantP. rhoeasunder no-till planting. With the expansion of no-till systems, it is important to prove the effectiveness of such strategies. In this study, a field experiment over three consecutive seasons was conducted to evaluate and compare the effects of different weed management strategies, under either direct drilling (i.e., no-till) or intensive tillage, on a multiple herbicide–resistantP. rhoeaspopulation. Moreover, evaluations were carried out as to whether the proportions of ALS inhibitor–resistant individuals were affected by the tillage systems for each IWM strategy at the end of the 3-yr period. The IWM strategies tested in this research included crop rotation, delayed sowing, and different herbicide programs such as PRE plus POST or POST. All IWM strategies greatly reduced the initial density ofP. rhoeaseach season (≥ 95%) under either direct drilling or intensive tillage. After 3 yr, the IWM strategies were very effective in both tillage systems, though the effects were stronger under direct drilling (~95%) compared with intensive tillage (~86%). At the end of the study, the proportion of ALS inhibitor–resistant plants was not different between the IWM strategies in both tillage systems (94% on average). Therefore, crop rotation (with sunflower [Helianthus annuusL.]), delayed sowing, or a variation in the herbicide application timing are effective under direct drilling to manage herbicide-resistantP. rhoeas. Adoption of IWM strategies is necessary to mitigate the evolution of resistance in both conventional and no-till systems.

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The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 151. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-076 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 1359-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ardath Francis ◽

Stephen J. Darbyshire ◽

Anne Légère ◽

Marie-Josée Simard

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Red Clover ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Erodium Cicutarium ◽

Western Asia ◽

Potato Crops ◽

Semi Arid

Francis, A., Darbyshire, S. J., Légère, A. and Simard, M.-J. 2012. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 151. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1359–1380. Stork's bill, Erodium cicutarium, is an annual weed of the geranium family (Geraniaceae), native to Mediterranean Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It has spread widely to temperate regions of both hemispheres, in particular to semi-arid ranges and prairies where it is frequently a dominant weed. In western Canada, it has increased in importance as a weed of cereal, canola, legume, sugarbeet and potato crops, particularly with the adoption of conservation tillage, and is both a field weed and seed contaminant of forage crops. The species had been sporadically collected in Québec since 1874 from cultivated fields (oats, potatoes, corn), but it recently appeared in experimental plots grown in corn, soybean, and red clover in eastern Québec, suggesting its potential as a serious weed. Outside of Canada, it is found in a range of crops, and has been host to viral, fungal and insect pathogens that can cause damage to crops and pastures. The plant's early germination, rapid growth and prolific seed production give it a competitive advantage in crops. In spring crops, the weed may be past the stage for optimal control by the time that the crop has reached the stage when herbicides are normally applied. Control may consequently require an extensive and often costly integrated weed management system. In semi-arid grazing areas it probably displaced some native vegetation, but has also become an important forage plant and a source of food for native wildlife. Its antioxidant and other chemical properties have drawn attention to potential medicinal and other beneficial uses.

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Response of soybean and corn to halauxifen-methyl

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.22 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 613-618

Author(s):

Jessica Quinn ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Jamshid Ashigh ◽

David C. Hooker ◽

Darren E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Field Trials ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Current Application ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

Weed Interference ◽

No Till ◽

Lower Biomass

AbstractPreplant (PP) herbicide applications are an important tool within an integrated weed management system, specifically in no-till production. An understanding of crop tolerance regarding PP applications is important for effectively integrating a new herbicide into no-till cropping systems. Twelve field trials (six in corn and six in soybean) were conducted over a 2-yr period (2018 and 2019) near Exeter and Ridgetown, ON. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the tolerance of soybean and corn to halauxifen-methyl applied PP, PRE, or POST at the registered rate (5 g a.i. ha−1) and twice the registered rate (10 g a.i. ha−1), hereafter referred to as the 1× and 2× rate, respectively. All trials were kept weed-free throughout the growing season to remove the confounding effect of weed interference. Halauxifen-methyl applied 14 d preplant (DPP), 7 DPP, 1 DPP, and 5 d after seeding (DAS) at the 1× and 2× rates caused ≤10% visible soybean injury. In contrast, halauxifen-methyl applied POST (cotyledon–unifoliate stage, VE-VC) caused 67% to 87% visible soybean injury, a 50% to 53% reduction in height, 65% to 81% decrease in population, 56% to 67% lower biomass, and 53% to 63% decline in yield. Halauxifen-methyl applied 10 DPP, 5 DPP, 1 DPP, 5 DAS, and POST (spike–one leaf stage, VE-V1) at the 1× and 2× rate caused ≤3% visible corn injury and caused no effect on corn height or biomass. Halauxifen-methyl applied at VE-V1 at the 2× rate reduced corn yield 10%. Based on these studies, the current application restriction of 7 DPP in soybean and 5 DPP in corn is conservative and could be expanded. Expanding the application window of halauxifen-methyl would increase the utility of this herbicide for producers.

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Efficiency, Profitability and Carbon Footprint of Different Management Programs under No-Till to Control Herbicide Resistant Papaver rhoeas

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9040433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 433

Author(s):

Jordi Recasens ◽

Aritz Royo-Esnal ◽

Francisco Valencia-Gredilla ◽

Joel Torra

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Weed Management ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Management Program ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Papaver Rhoeas ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

No Till

The present work examines the effects of different integrated weed management (IWM) programs on multiple herbicide-resistant Papaver rhoeas populations in terms of effectiveness, profitability and carbon footprint. With this aim a trial was established in a winter cereal field under no-till in North-Eastern Spain during three consecutive seasons. Four IWM programs with different intensification levels, from less (crop rotation, mechanical control, and no herbicides) to more intense (wheat monoculture with high chemical inputs), were established. The different strategies integrated in the four programs were efficient in managing the weed after three years, with increased effectiveness after management program intensification. Whereas low input program (which includes fallow season) represented less economic cost than the other programs, on average, no differences were observed on carbon foot print, considered as kg CO2eq kg−1 product, between the different programs, except in the crop rotation program due to the low pea yield obtained. The results from this study show that in the search for a balance between crop profitability and reduction of the carbon footprint while controlling an herbicide resistant population is challenging, and particularly under no-till. In this scenario the short term priority should be to reduce the presence of multiple herbicide resistant biotypes integrating the different available chemical, cultural, and physical strategies.

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On-farm evaluation of integrated weed management tools for maize production in three different agro-environments in Europe: Agronomic efficacy, herbicide use reduction, and economic sustainability

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2014.12.001 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

V.P. Vasileiadis ◽

S. Otto ◽

W. van Dijk ◽

G. Urek ◽

R. Leskovšek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Management Tools ◽

Maize Production ◽

Herbicide Use ◽

On Farm

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Integrated Weed Management for Maize Crop in Croatia

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:4308 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zlatko SVEČNJAK ◽

Klara BARIĆ ◽

Dubravko MAĆEŠIĆ ◽

Boris DURALIJA ◽

Jerko GUNJAČA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Field Research ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Pass Band ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Maize Crop ◽

No Till ◽

Seedbed Preparation

Concern about the effects of herbicides on the environment is the main stimulus to reduce their use in maize (Zea mays L.). Field research was conducted over two years to evaluate the efficacy of integrated weed management combining two seedbed practices at planting (no-till vs. tilled seedbeds), mechanical (0-3 inter-row cultivations) and chemical (none, band- and broadcast applied herbicide) methods on maize grain yield. Although seedbed practice had no effect on crop emergence, tilled seedbeds tended to produce larger grain yield than no-till seedbeds because of better control of early germinating weeds. Consequently, grain yield in no-till seedbeds consistently increased with each cultivation up to three passes because of improved weed control. However, the largest yield in tilled seedbeds occurred with two cultivations and then slightly decreased following third cultivation pass. Band herbicide application (50 % reduction in herbicide use compared to broadcast application) resulted in higher yield than one cultivation alone, whereas opposite responses occurred after multiple cultivation passes. Grain yield responded positively to one and two cultivation passes even when weeds were controlled by pre-emergence chemical method. Our findings indicated that banded herbicide application provided effective weed control in maize crop when complemented with two inter-row cultivations regardless of the method of seedbed preparation; thus making a viable option for Croatian farmers to lower herbicide load on the environment.

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Weed Dynamics in No-Till Rainfed Crops in Chaouia, Semi-Arid Morocco

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n11p198 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 198

Author(s):

Abbès Tanji ◽

Oussama El Gharras ◽

Hassan Ouabbou ◽

Todorovic Mladen

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

No Till ◽

Soil Seedbank ◽

Glyphosate Herbicide ◽

Weed Dynamics ◽

Herbicide Use ◽

On Farm ◽

Semi Arid

Three on-farm research-managed trials were conducted in Settat province, Chaouia, semi-arid Morocco, from 2012-13 to 2014-15, to investigate the dynamics of germinable soil seedbank, weed density, and community composition of weeds in 3 crop rotations: continuous durum wheat, barley + pea/durum wheat/durum wheat, and canola/durum wheat/durum wheat. Initial germinable weed seedbank density estimated in September 2012, before no-till planting in November 2012 was 1890 seeds m-2. After two growing seasons, seedbank reductions were 23% in continuous durum wheat, 68% in canola/durum wheat/durum wheat, and 72% in barley + pea/durum wheat/durum wheat. In continuous durum wheat, weed densities before no-till planting were 273, 46, and 59 plants m-2 in November 2012, December 2013, and November 2014, respectively. In herbicide-free barley + pea/durum wheat/durum wheat, weed densities before no-till planting durum wheat were 128 and 42 plants m-2 in December 2013 and November 2014, respectively. In canola/durum wheat/durum wheat, weed densities before no-till planting wheat were only 20 and 25 plants m-2 in December 2013 and November 2014, respectively. This study demonstrated the combined merits of pre-plant glyphosate, herbicide use in wheat, herbicide-free barley + pea haying, and durum wheat rotation with either canola or barley + pea to manage weeds in no-till systems in semi-arid Morocco.

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