scholarly journals THE HARD WORK OF SOFTWARE HISTORY

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lowood
Keyword(s):  
Hard Work ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Friedrich Kittler ◽  
Software History

A few years ago, the literary and media historian Friedrich Kittler opened an essay called “There Is No Software” with, in his own words, a “rather sad statement.” In his view, “the bulk of written texts—including this text—do not exist anymore in perceivable time and space but in a computer memory’s transistor cells.” From a scholar who, until then, had situated the cultural meaning of literary texts in discourse networks dependent on technologies of inscription (writing, gramophone, typewriter, computer) and the materiality of communication, this remark captures the essence of a significant cultural shift. At the end of the twentieth . . .

Medieval Saints’ Cults as International Networks: The Example of the Cult of St Katherine of Alexandria

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christine Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Formal Process ◽  
International Networks ◽  
International Dimension ◽  
Written Texts

Veneration of the saints was an important element of medieval piety and was pervasive throughout all levels of medieval society. In the early centuries of Christianity there was no formal process for declaring someone a saint and many cults were purely local affairs. However there were a number of saints who enjoyed an international cult. These were often major figures from the early days of Christianity, such as the apostles, the most famous perhaps being Peter, whose cult was centred in Rome at the heart of the western Christian establishment. For those cults that developed an international dimension, it is possible to view the transmission of the cult as creating a network or networks of individuals linked by their devotion to that particular saint. At one level this concept of a network is more metaphorical than actual. Individuals, unknown to each other, could share a common veneration for a particular saint. They were linked by their shared knowledge of the saint’s story, which provoked a common reverence. Indeed the actual transmission of the saint’s story can be considered to create a network of sorts as it passes from person to person, either by word of mouth or through the movement of written texts. A network of this sort can be considered to span both time and space.

Narrative of the Pier

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Cecilia Fe L Sta Maria
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Blurry Vision

“Locating ourselves in the center of en masse urbanization….” Matnog, Sorsogon, Philippines, primarily a coastal area is not exempted from this socio-cultural shift. And in these changes, people, specifically that of the eight Girls, ages 14 to 18 years old living in the periphery of the coast, begin to question this condition of urbanization that has only created varied and severe strands of poverty in their area. “I look at their photographs and listen to their narrative....” Using Alice McIntyre's photovoice, the Girls took photographs of spaces that represent the concepts of poverty and development. I let them speak of these spaces and they begin to talk about “development” and “poverty,” focusing on the existence of the Pier, the Coast and that of their lives. “Spatiality of the Pier....” Taking the postmodern lens, guided by Edward Soja's notions on spatiality is an attempt to view the unfolding of tensions emanating from urban spaces and their representations. The Pier and that of other spaces become the discursive arena that conjugate non-recognition of positions and conditions between the concepts of “poverty” and “development.” With the Pier as the most imposing space emerges ambiguity and blurry vision affect how the Girls perceive, conceive and live in and along these spaces. Development as assumed to be an existing and workable paradigm through urbanization promise alteration of their condition does not exist for them. What happens is that “poverty” becomes the constant wherein time and space are in crisis; and, the spatiality of the Girls becomes fragmented and pulverized. “IT”: For urbanization as a development agenda does not fulfill its promise to the Girls of Matnog, Sorsogon and to us. This knowledge as conceptualized for them place them in a position and state where they no longer recognize what development is. In this discourse, development, urbanization and spaces that represent them all becomes (in)visible that have become (un)recognizable and (un)familiar for the Girls and for us. This (non)recognition place all these concepts and spaces as an IT.

Discourse Analysis in Stylistics and Literature Instruction

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Short
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Literature Instruction ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Language Study

The termsdiscourse analysisandstylistic analysismean different thing to different people. Most narrowly defined, discourse analysis has only to do with the structure of spoken discourse. Such a definition separates discourse analysis from literany stylistics and pragmatics—the study of how people understand language in context. At the other end of the spectrum, discourse analysis can be carried out on spoken and written texts, and can include matters like textual coherence and cohesion, and the inferencing of meaning by readers or listeners. In this case, it includes pragmatics and much of stylistics within its bounds. Similarly, stylistics can apply just to literary texts or not, and be restricted to the study of style or, on the other hand, include the study of meaning. For the purposes of this review, relatively wide definitions of both areas have been assumed in order to make what follows reasonably comprehensive. The main restriction assumed is that the works discussed will be relevant to the examination of literature in some way. The section on literature instruction will include matters relevant to both native and non-native learners of English, and will also make reference to the integration of literary and language study.

scholarly journals Stages of the artistic realia introduction into english literary texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Maryna Chernyk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Illustrative Material

The article is devoted to the differentiation of the stages of the artistic realia introduction into English literary texts based on the artistic communicative situations, taking into account the peculiarities of the communicants’ interaction, artworks actualisation, and realisation of time and space characteristics in the artistic discourse. The stage by stage differentiation of the artworks introduction into the literary text is developed based on the structural analysis of the artistic communicative situations. Accordingly, there are preintroductive, introductive, and postintroductive stages. The completeness of each stage representation is determined by the form of the artwork in the literary text and can be complete, compressed, or zero. In the article, the peculiarities of each stage are defined based on the analysis of the illustrative material. There are preintroductive (determining the time and space parameters of the communicative situation before artwork mentioning, introduction of the participants and description of their appearance and inner state), introductive (introduction of the artwork into the communicative situation, description of such components as form, meaning, artwork characteristics, and emotions connected with it), and postintroductive stages (reaction to the artwork after its perception, realised in the form of the verbalised or non-verbalised communication and capable of stimulating the discussion of the perceived information). Special attention is given to the peculiarities of the artworks introduction from the performer’s and the recipient’s points of view; the details and aspects of their descriptions are considered. Depending on the person who tells the story, the stages of introduction can be prerepresentational, representational, and postrepresentational (in the performer’s descriptions) or preperceptive, perceptive, and postperceptive (in the recipient’s descriptions).

Hematologies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Copeman ◽  
Dwaipayan Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Blood Sacrifice

This book is an account of the political economy and cultural meaning of blood in contemporary India. It examines how the giving and receiving of blood has shaped social and political life. The book traces how the substance congeals political ideologies, biomedical rationalities, and activist practices. Using examples from anti-colonial appeals to blood sacrifice as a political philosophy to contemporary portraits of political leaders drawn with blood, from the use of the substance by Bhopali children as a material of activism to biomedical anxieties and aporias about the excess and lack of donation, the book broaches how political life in India has been shaped through the use of blood and through contestations about blood. As such, the book offers new entryways into thinking about politics and economy through a “bloodscape of difference:” different sovereignties, different proportionalities, and different temporalities. These entryways allow exploration of the relation between blood's utopic flows and political clottings as it moves through time and space, conjuring new kinds of social collectivities while reanimating older forms, and always in a reflexive relation to norms that guide its proper flow.

The Pocahontas Story in Early America

Prospects ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Gould
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Manifest Destiny ◽  
Thomas Jefferson ◽  
The State ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Early America ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Historical Accounts

Near the end of Notes on the State of Virginia (1785), Thomas Jefferson offers a notably ambivalent assessment of Captain John Smith: “To his efforts principally may be ascribed [the colony's] support against the opposition of natives. He was honest, sensible, and well-informed; but his style is barbarous and uncouth. His history, however, is almost the only source from which we derive any knowledge of the infancy of the state” (177). Such ambivalence registers the degree to which late 18th-century ideologies of civility and refinement mediated historical accounts of Virginia's colonial past, and it begins to suggest an overlooked context for reconsidering the cultural meaning of the Smith–Pocahontas story during this era. For the episode traditionally has been read in terms of race and “the birth of the nation” (Jenkins, 10). While influential critics of Smith have extolled his enterprising “genius” and his “doctrine of hard work and self–reliance,” revisionist critiques of Smith's version of American heroism manage only to reproduce the same interpretive categories. Indeed, to revisionists, the Pocahontas story instances an ethnocentrism endemic to colonial encounters: Smith fails to recognize the huskanaw ceremony (whereby he is made a werowance to Powhattan); and Pocahontas's “self-abandonment” prefigures the doctrine of Manifest Destiny.

Autobiographical narration in short prose by Yevgeniya Bozhyk

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Textual Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Rhetorical Constructions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

The article devotes to the analysis of the autobiographical aspect of narration in short prose by Yevgeniya Bozhyk (1936–2012). It investigates interesting stories, essays, sketches as well as short stories. They are united by a holistic thematic and problematic circle of relevant universal issues that are outside of time and space. The writer reveals the secrets of her creative laboratory, uses various expressive means (metaphor, metonymy, refrain, symbol, rhetorical constructions, ellipse, excursion and anticipation, stream of consciousness, and open finale). She emphasizes such qualities of the creator as the ability to hear and listen, to catch the slightest nuances of mood in the world around her. It is noteworthy that literary texts have components of fiction, journalism in confessional presentation (author, hero and reader). The works have unique textual structure (fragmentation, sensitive dominant, intersemiotic components, primarily musical, aphoristic statements, changes in tempo, and autoallusions). The writer can communicate with people, read thoughts and feelings thanks to fine mental organization, guess unsaid things by female intuition, feel the relationship with the interlocutor at the highest sensory and mental levels. The artist of the word manages to capture the moment when there are changes in nature and man — two components of the universe. Therefore, the reader also becomes an author. He empathizes with the heroes, relates them to himself, learns and ponders what he has read. So, the creator builds conditional and frank conversation with each recipient of her works. Yevgeniya Bozhyk reproduces in literature her rich experience of meeting with different people (prototype characters), sharing her own view of the world with the reader and presents the vision of the Motherland in the bright and exciting kaleidoscope of events, perceptions, reflections. The keynote is the search for Man and Will. Only the brave can get rid of stereotypes and slavery. Indeed, the freedom of the country is unthinkable without the freedom (primarily spiritual) of each of its citizens.

Analyzing the structure of code-switched written texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Bruno Estigarribia ◽  
Zachary Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Language Data

Abstract As more written language data become available, the interest in written language mixing / codeswitching (LM/CS) is increasing (Sebba, Mahootian & Jonsson 2012; Sebba 2013). LM/CS in non-naturalistic (e.g., literary) texts raises issues related to gauging (1) the authenticity and representativity of a textual corpus, and deciding (2) whether categories/mechanisms of spoken LM/CS apply to written LM/CS.1 We focus on Guarani-Spanish LM/CS (Jopara) as represented in the Paraguayan novel Ramona Quebranto (RQ). We apply the framework of Muysken (1997; 2000; 2013), developed as a taxonomy of spoken LM/CS. Our contribution extends its applicability to written LM/CS. We show that Jopara has a mix of insertional and backflagging strategies, with infrequent alternations.

How important is the way you say it?

Target ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ramos Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The Way

Discussions of translation often rely on the concept of meaning—not only the meaning of the words, but also the significance of the use of certain words in a certain text and context. Moreover, translation always involves a process of identifying the different components of the texts in order to establish a hierarchy of relevance of those elements (see Toury 1980: 38). The priority given to some elements to the detriment of others will have a decisive influence on the choice of certain strategies and the final outcome. The literary use of a dialect in literary texts seems to be a particularly good example of that balancing of meaning and prioritization of elements. Not only because of its very localised meaning (both in time and space), but also because it is always embedded in the source text with a communicative and semiotic significance. It can challenge the translator who, when faced with the impossibility of looking for referential equivalences and formal correspondences, is forced to decide on the importance and meaning of the use of a specific dialect in the text. That decision will define the strategies to be used, which can go from total normalization of the text to a recreation of a linguistic variety in the target text. The purpose of this article is threefold: To present for discussion a model summarising the strategies identified in a number of case-studies; to present and discuss the strategies identified in a corpus of 12 Portuguese translations of Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion and Alan Jay Lerner’s My Fair Lady, as well as the contextual factors which might have influenced the translators’ choices; and to establish whether there are regularities in the associations between media ( translation for stage, page and screen) and strategies for dealing with non-standard language.

scholarly journals Русское словосложение: исторический аспект

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Геннадий Николаев ◽  
Наталия Николаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Russian Language

Compound words are known in the Russian language since the first written texts of different genre and stylistic characteristics. The formation of composites was carried out in two productive ways: by the non-morphological semantic method of fusion and by morphological addition. Within both methods (in literary texts) the calques of Greek composites and the development of East Slavic word formations in their sample are also noted. Both methods were interrelated, and an interaction of derivatives occurred in their sphere.

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