The history of philosophy: a reader's guide: including a list of 100 great philosophical works from the pre-Socratics to the mid-twentieth century

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 46-3181-46-3181
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
History Of

Brentano, Franz Clemens (1838–1917)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick M. Chisholm ◽  
Peter Simons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Descriptive Psychology ◽  
Phenomenological Movement ◽  
Precise Statement ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sparse Ontology

Brentano was a philosopher and psychologist who taught at the Universities of Würzburg and Vienna. He made significant contributions to almost every branch of philosophy, notably psychology and philosophy of mind, ontology, ethics and the philosophy of language. He also published several books on the history of philosophy, especially Aristotle, and contended that philosophy proceeds in cycles of advance and decline. He is best known for reintroducing the scholastic concept of intentionality into philosophy and proclaiming it as the characteristic mark of the mental. His teachings, especially those on what he called descriptive psychology, influenced the phenomenological movement in the twentieth century, but because of his concern for precise statement and his sensitivity to the dangers of the undisciplined use of philosophical language, his work also bears affinities to analytic philosophy. His anti-speculative conception of philosophy as a rigorous discipline was furthered by his many brilliant students. Late in life Brentano’s philosophy radically changed: he advocated a sparse ontology of physical and mental things (reism), coupled with a linguistic fictionalism stating that all language purportedly referring to non-things can be replaced by language referring only to things.

Jan Patočka’s Philosophical Legacy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
History Of

This chapter sketches the trajectory of Jan Patočka’s philosophical development against the background of the conflicts and crises that marked the history of the twentieth century, and which profoundly affected the Czech philosopher. The relevant period spans from the 1930s, when Patočka studied under Edmund Husserl in Freiburg, to the philosopher’s activities as a dissident in 1970s Czechoslovakia. Particular attention is paid to Patočka’s deep reading of the history of philosophy; the complexities of his appropriation of the phenomenological philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger; and the philosophy of history developed late in his career. The chapter ends with a consideration of Patočka’s influence on contemporary phenomenological philosophy, suggesting that his most promising contribution lies in his challenging engagement with the problem of Europe, above all his call for a post-European philosophical perspective.

“Imperfect Discretion”: Interventions into the History of Philosophy by Twentieth-Century French Women Philosophers

Hypatia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Penelope Deutscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Feminist Issue ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Philosophers

How might we locate originality as emerging from within the “discrete” work of commentary? Because many women have engaged with philosophy informs (including commentary) that preclude their work from being seen as properly “original,” this question is a feminist issue. Via the work of selected contemporary French women philosophers, the author shows how commentary can reconfigure the philosophical tradition in innovative ways, as well as in ways that change what counts as philosophical innovation.

Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Okrent
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Analytic Tradition ◽  
History Of

Although ‘being’ has frequently been treated as a name for a property or special sort of entity, it is generally recognized that it is neither. Therefore, questions concerning being should not be understood as asking about the nature of some object or the character of some property. Rather, such questions raise a variety of problems concerning which sorts of entities there are, what one is saying when one says that some entity is, and the necessary conditions on thinking of an entity as something which is. At least four distinct questions concerning being have emerged in the history of philosophy: (1) Which things are there? (2) What is it to be? (3) Is it ever appropriate to treat ‘is’ as a predicate, and, if not, how should it be understood? (alternatively, is existence a property?) (4) How is it possible to intend that something is? Twentieth-century discussions of being in the analytic tradition have focused on the first and third questions. Work in the German tradition, especially that of Martin Heidegger, has emphasized the fourth.

scholarly journals Gilles Deleuze’s Point of View for Biographical Trends of Frances Bacon’s Ideas

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Zahra Pakzad
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
History Of

<p>Francis Bacon as a precursor of modern painting, in addition to reputation in the fields of visual arts, has attracted the attention of many philosophers and scholars of the twentieth century due to its creative and controversial works. One of these philosophers is Gilles Deleuze. Gilles Deleuze is written numerous works in various fields ranging from photography and cinema to the history of philosophy. In a book entitled “Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sense”, Deleuze presented a new understanding of the concepts contained and hidden in Bacon’s paintings of Bacon. Seeking to explore Bacon’s position in painting and also Deleuze’s position in the philosophy, the current study intends to analyze Deleuze philosophical interpretation of the works of Bacon.</p>

James and Pragmatism: The Road Not Taken

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Kitcher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
William James ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Cognitive Significance ◽  
The Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pragmatic Maxim ◽  
Original Point

William James envisaged pragmatism as a reform of philosophy. Like his fellow pragmatist John Dewey, he held that the history of philosophy often shows how questions, once relevant and exciting, inspire a sequence of derivative and ever-narrower inquiries, in which the original point becomes lost. To read James’s pragmatism in this way distinguishes it from the reforming efforts of the logical positivists, whose concerns with “cognitive significance” and “meaningful language” neither he nor Dewey shared. Viewed in this light, James’s version of Charles Sanders Peirce’s pragmatic maxim, his theory of truth, and his interest in reconciling the claims of science and religion take on new significance. His discussions point toward a road less traveled, one that twentieth-century Anglophone philosophy did not take.

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