Conservation and restoration for typical critically endangered wild plants with extremely small population

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
臧润国 ZANG Runguo ◽  
董鸣 DONG Ming ◽  
李俊清 LI Junqing ◽  
陈小勇 CHEN Xiaoyong ◽  
曾宋君 ZENG Songjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Wild Plants

Novelties in Begonia (Begoniaceae) from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil: a new species and a new record

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 510 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LUDOVIC JEAN CHARLES KOLLMANN ◽  
PAULO MINATEL GONELLA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Campos Rupestres ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State

Begonia piranga (Begoniaceae) is a new narrowly endemic species from the campos rupestres of Serra do Padre Ângelo, a quartzitic massif in Conselheiro Pena, eastern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Description, diagnosis, taxonomic comments, detailed illustrations, field photographs, and a provisional IUCN Red List Assessment are provided. The new species is considered Critically Endangered due to its restricted occurrence in high elevation rock outcrops, small population size, and decline in the quality of the habitat. Begonia vasconcelosiana, another Critically Endangered species, is also newly reported here for Serra do Padre Ângelo. These discoveries add to the increasing list of novelties from Serra do Padre Ângelo, reinforcing the urge for conservation actions to protect the endemic flora of this Serra and other areas of campos rupestres in eastern Minas Gerais state.

scholarly journals A new species of Cochemiea (Cactaceae, Cacteae) from Sinaloa, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leccinum Jesús García Morales ◽  
Rodrigo Homero González González ◽  
Jesús García Jiménez ◽  
Duilio Iamonico
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

Background and Aims: Cochemiea is a genus which currently comprises five species occurring in Mexico. It is morphologically characterized by cylindrical decumbent to prostrate stems and by a long red-scarlet zygomorphic perianth, presumably specialized for hummingbird pollination. As part ofthe ongoing taxonomic studies on the North Mexican flora, a population discovered by Thomas Linzen in 2012 in central Sinaloa (Mexico), previously identified as Mammillaria sp., actually refers to a Cochemiea species and cannot be ascribed to any of the known species of that genus. As a consequence,we here propose to describe this population as a a new species for science.Methods: The work is based on field surveys (autumn 2018 and spring 2019) in central Sinaloa, examination of herbarium specimens, and analysis of relevant literature. Its conservation status was assessed following the guidelines of the IUCN; AOO and EOO were calculated with the programGeoCAT.Key results: Cochemiea thomasii is described and illustrated from Sinaloa. The new species is morphologically similar to C. halei from which it differs by the hanging stems, the larger conical tubercles, less numerous and shorter central spines, and the ovoid fruits. A diagnostic key of the knownCochemiea species is included.Conclusions: Cochemiea thomasii is endemic to the state of Sinaloa where it occupies a small area. On the basis of the criteria B2a (geographic range) and C (small population) of IUCN, the new species can be assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) or Vulnerable (VU). Adopting the precautionary approach, Cochemiea thomasii is considered as Critically Endangered (CR).

scholarly journals Microhabitats Affect Population Size and Plant Vigor of Three Critically Endangered Endemic Plants in Southern Sinai Mountains, Egypt

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. Fakhry ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Hatem A. Shabana ◽  
Ibrahim El Gamal ◽  
Amir Shalouf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steep Slopes

Endemic species on mountains often have narrow altitudinal ranges and are more threatened at the higher altitudes, especially with climate changes. However, plants could use special microhabitats at the mountain tops as proper places for surviving the climate change (i.e., refugia). We assessed population attributes of three critically endangered endemic species (Primula boveana Decne ex Duby, Rosa arabica Crep., and Silene leucophylla Boiss.) in two growing seasons (2006/2007 and 2013/2014), differing in the received rainfalls in microhabitats at the high mountains of southern Sinai. Both P. boveana and S. leucophylla had very small population size, but significantly increased in the 2013/2014 growing season which received above average rainfalls. The population of R. arabica is the smallest (around 40 individuals) and did not increase, even after the increase in rainfalls. Whereas P. boveana is present in fewer sites and grew in small number of specific microhabitats, both S. leucophylla and R. arabica were recorded in most studied sites and habitat types. Unlike R. arabica, both P. boveana and S. leucophylla were recorded in caves and steep slopes and on the top of the mountains. This indicates that these sheltered mist microhabitats are the best for future conservation of these species after climate change.

A new critically endangered species of Angraecum (Orchidaceae) endemic to the island of Mauritius, Indian Ocean

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Fournel ◽  
Claire Micheneau ◽  
Claudia Baider
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
International Union ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
A New Species

Angraecum jeannineanum, a new species endemic to Mauritius, is described and its ecology and conservation status are discussed. Angraecum jeannineanum differs from A. cadetii, which is the morphologically most closely related species, as follows: (i) leaves are smaller, thicker and darker green, (ii) inflorescences and flowers are thinner and smaller, (iii) flowers are more greenish and non-fleshy. Angraecum jeannineanum belongs to Angraecum section Hadrangis, endemic to the Mascarenes, which also includes A. bracteosum, A. cadetii and A. striatum. An updated key for the section is provided. The species should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the Red List Criteria of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This assessment is based on the highly restricted species distribution, small population size, and habitat sustaining degradation by invasive alien plants and animals.

scholarly journals Conservation status of Mascarene Amaranth Aerva congesta Balf.F. Ex Baker (Eudicots: Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae): a Critically Endangered endemic herb of the Mascarenes, Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 12056
Author(s):  
Kersley Bruno Pynee ◽  
David Harold Lorence ◽  
Poojanraj Khurun
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Red List ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Area Of Occupancy ◽  
Mascarene Islands ◽  
Iucn Red List Criteria

Aerva congesta Balf.f. ex Baker (Amaranthaceae), an endemic of Mascarene Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) is assessed for its conservation status. Considering its local extinction in Rodrigues and very small population in Mauritius, in Round Island and at Gris Gris, south of Mauritius its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated at 8km².  Due to its small AOO and threats by increasing native vegetation and alien species, A. congesta is evaluated as Critically Endangered following the latest IUCN Red List criteria.  The species needs an urgent well-defined restoration program and ecological studies to prevent its extinction.  

scholarly journals Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr in Israel: estimating population parameters using molecular scatology

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbar Perez ◽  
Eli Geffen ◽  
Ofer Mokady
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Estimate Population Size ◽  
And Gender

The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard Panthera pardus nimr faces severe reduction in population size and is on the brink of extinction. This situation is, to a large extent, a result of human activity. The small populations of this subspecies are restricted to a few areas in the Arabian Peninsula, Israel and Jordan. Information required for conservation of this subspecies, including reliable population estimates and the range of individuals, is currently unavailable. To estimate population size and assign gender to individuals in the population in Israel we used molecular markers in leopard DNA extracted from scats collected in intensive surveys throughout the Judean Desert and the Negev Highlands. This non-invasive mode of sampling, combined with the availability of high-resolution markers (microsatellites) and sex-specific DNA-sequences, was successful in identifying both individuals and gender. The results indicated the existence of a male and two females in the Judean Desert, and four males and one female in the Negev Highlands. Although the non-invasive procedure we used may underestimate the leopard's true population size, continuous monitoring of population size and sex composition of this small population using scatology is a key component for the management of this species. These data, especially if used in conjunction with similar data from other countries within the subspecies' range, will assist in the establishment of conservation plans for the Arabian leopard.

Novelties in Cactaceae from Eastern Brazil: Adding two new species and one new nothospecies to Tacinga (Opuntioideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 490 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
JULIANA GOMES FREITAS ◽  
LANIA ISIS FERREIRA ALVES ◽  
DANIELA CRISTINA ZAPPI ◽  
ERTON MENDONÇA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
LIZANDRO N. PERAZA-FLORES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Two new species and one new nothospecies of Tacinga from semi-arid Eastern Brazil are described. The new taxa were discovered on the basis of material collected during field trips carried out by staff of the Cactarium Guimarães Duque of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido. A morphologic comparison of all the Tacinga species currently known, together with the cytogenetic analysis of the new taxa, are made. Full descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic discussions for all three new taxa are given as well as an identification key for all known Tacinga species. IUCN categories for the new taxa were assessed, resulting as endangered or critically endangered, due to their small population size and restricted distribution.

scholarly journals The Last Two Remaining Populations of the Critically Endangered Estuarine Pipefish Are Inbred and Not Genetically Distinct

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven-Erick Weiss ◽  
Arsalan Emami-Khoyi ◽  
Horst Kaiser ◽  
Paul D. Cowley ◽  
Nicola C. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Sizes

The critically endangered estuarine pipefish, Syngnathus watermeyeri, is one of Africa’s rarest fish species and currently faces a significant risk of extinction. A combination of anthropogenic and natural factors threaten submerged macrophyte beds in the two South African estuaries (Bushmans and Kariega) in which the species’ only two known remaining populations reside. Here, we genotyped 34 pipefish from both populations using genome-wide data to determine whether the two estuaries harbour distinct genetic diversity, such that translocating individuals between them might improve the genetic health of both. Our results show that both populations are highly inbred, and no statistically significant genetic structure was found between them. Moreover, individuals both within and between estuaries were very closely related to each other. These results indicate that the remaining populations of the estuarine pipefish suffer from the adverse genetic effects of small population sizes. Even though recent surveys have estimated population sizes in the order of thousands of individuals, these may fluctuate considerably. Although the translocation of genetically similar individuals between habitats will not increase local genetic diversity, the creation of additional populations across the species’ historical range may be a suitable conservation strategy to prevent further loss of genetic diversity, and to minimise the overall extinction risk posed by environmental stochasticity.

scholarly journals Genomic signatures of inbreeding in a critically endangered parrot, the kākāpō

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Foster ◽  
Ludovic Dutoit ◽  
Stefanie Grosser ◽  
Nicolas Dussex ◽  
Brodie J Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Extant Population

Abstract Events of inbreeding are inevitable in critically endangered species. Reduced population sizes and unique life-history traits can increase the severity of inbreeding, leading to declines in fitness and increased risk of extinction. Here, we investigate levels of inbreeding in a critically endangered flightless parrot, the kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus), wherein a highly inbred island population and one individual from the mainland of New Zealand founded the entire extant population. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and a genotype calling approach using a chromosome-level genome assembly, identified a filtered set of 12,241 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 161 kākāpō, which together encompass the total genetic potential of the extant population. Multiple molecular-based estimates of inbreeding were compared, including genome-wide estimates of heterozygosity (FH), the diagonal elements of a genomic-relatedness matrix (FGRM), and runs of homozygosity (RoH, FRoH). In addition, we compared levels of inbreeding in chicks from a recent breeding season to examine if inbreeding is associated with offspring survival. The density of SNPs generated with GBS was sufficient to identify chromosomes that were largely homozygous with RoH distributed in similar patterns to other inbred species. Measures of inbreeding were largely correlated and differed significantly between descendants of the two founding populations. However, neither inbreeding nor ancestry was found to be associated with reduced survivorship in chicks, owing to unexpected mortality in chicks exhibiting low levels of inbreeding. Our study highlights important considerations for estimating inbreeding in critically endangered species, such as the impacts of small population sizes and admixture between diverse lineages.

scholarly journals A tree species with an extremely small population: recategorizing the Critically Endangered Acer yangbiense

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidan Tao ◽  
Chunyan Han ◽  
Kun Song ◽  
Weibang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Iucn Red List Categories ◽  
J Curve

AbstractAcer yangbiense Y.S. Chen & Q.E. Yang (Aceraceae) is a threatened tree species endemic to China, formerly presumed to have declined to only five extant individuals, restricted to Yangbi County, Yunnan Province. Our surveys in 2016, however, located 577 individuals in 12 localities, but only three localities (with a total of 62 individuals) are protected. Nine localities are on private forest land. The population's size structure is an inverse J-curve, but there is a scarcity of trees of the smallest size class and of seedlings. Our surveys also showed that the habitat of A. yangbiense is degraded as a result of the negative effects of agriculture, logging and wood harvesting. Assessment with the IUCN Red List categories and criteria indicates that A. yangbiense should be recategorized from Critically Endangered to Endangered.

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