scholarly journals Microhabitats Affect Population Size and Plant Vigor of Three Critically Endangered Endemic Plants in Southern Sinai Mountains, Egypt

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal M. Fakhry ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
Hatem A. Shabana ◽  
Ibrahim El Gamal ◽  
Amir Shalouf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Steep Slopes

Endemic species on mountains often have narrow altitudinal ranges and are more threatened at the higher altitudes, especially with climate changes. However, plants could use special microhabitats at the mountain tops as proper places for surviving the climate change (i.e., refugia). We assessed population attributes of three critically endangered endemic species (Primula boveana Decne ex Duby, Rosa arabica Crep., and Silene leucophylla Boiss.) in two growing seasons (2006/2007 and 2013/2014), differing in the received rainfalls in microhabitats at the high mountains of southern Sinai. Both P. boveana and S. leucophylla had very small population size, but significantly increased in the 2013/2014 growing season which received above average rainfalls. The population of R. arabica is the smallest (around 40 individuals) and did not increase, even after the increase in rainfalls. Whereas P. boveana is present in fewer sites and grew in small number of specific microhabitats, both S. leucophylla and R. arabica were recorded in most studied sites and habitat types. Unlike R. arabica, both P. boveana and S. leucophylla were recorded in caves and steep slopes and on the top of the mountains. This indicates that these sheltered mist microhabitats are the best for future conservation of these species after climate change.

scholarly journals Breeding biology and population increase of the Endangered Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEREMY MADEIROS ◽  
NICHOLAS CARLILE ◽  
DAVID PRIDDEL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
North East ◽  
Rate Of Increase

SummaryThe Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma cahow was thought to have become extinct early in the 17th century due to a combination of hunting by human colonists and predation by introduced rats, cats, dogs and pigs. However, single individuals were found on four occasions during the first half of the 20th century, and in 1951 a small population was discovered breeding on several rocky islets in north-east Bermuda. Recovery actions began in 1962 when the population numbered just 18 pairs, dispersed among five small islets. Although rats extirpated one of these five colonies in 1967, the population has grown steadily to 56 breeding pairs in 2000. We investigated the breeding phenology, productivity and population size of the Bermuda Petrel between 2000/2001 and 2007/2008. Each year, the birds began arriving in Bermuda around mid-October. They departed on a pre-breeding exodus between 19 November and 14 December, returning after 32–56 days to lay a single egg between 31 December and 31 January. Eggs hatched from 16 February to 26 March after a mean (± SD) incubation period of 53 ± 2 days, and young fledged from 15 May to 25 June after a mean fledging period of 91 ± 5 days. Between 2000/2001 and 2007/2008, reproductive output ranged from 29 to 40 fledglings per annum. Mean annual breeding success (62%) was reasonably high relative to other Procellariiformes, largely due to the provision of artificial (concrete) nesting burrows. In 2008, the population numbered 85 breeding pairs. Monitoring since 1961 indicates the population has been increasing exponentially, doubling approximately every 22 years. This rate of increase, together with the increased incidence of storm damage, is making it progressively more impracticable to construct sufficient concrete burrows on the current nesting islets to accommodate all breeding pairs. The vulnerability of these sites to accelerating storm damage and erosion as a result of anthropomorphic climate change is now the greatest threat to the Bermuda Petrel.

scholarly journals Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr in Israel: estimating population parameters using molecular scatology

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbar Perez ◽  
Eli Geffen ◽  
Ofer Mokady
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Estimate Population Size ◽  
And Gender

The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard Panthera pardus nimr faces severe reduction in population size and is on the brink of extinction. This situation is, to a large extent, a result of human activity. The small populations of this subspecies are restricted to a few areas in the Arabian Peninsula, Israel and Jordan. Information required for conservation of this subspecies, including reliable population estimates and the range of individuals, is currently unavailable. To estimate population size and assign gender to individuals in the population in Israel we used molecular markers in leopard DNA extracted from scats collected in intensive surveys throughout the Judean Desert and the Negev Highlands. This non-invasive mode of sampling, combined with the availability of high-resolution markers (microsatellites) and sex-specific DNA-sequences, was successful in identifying both individuals and gender. The results indicated the existence of a male and two females in the Judean Desert, and four males and one female in the Negev Highlands. Although the non-invasive procedure we used may underestimate the leopard's true population size, continuous monitoring of population size and sex composition of this small population using scatology is a key component for the management of this species. These data, especially if used in conjunction with similar data from other countries within the subspecies' range, will assist in the establishment of conservation plans for the Arabian leopard.

Novelties in Cactaceae from Eastern Brazil: Adding two new species and one new nothospecies to Tacinga (Opuntioideae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 490 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
JULIANA GOMES FREITAS ◽  
LANIA ISIS FERREIRA ALVES ◽  
DANIELA CRISTINA ZAPPI ◽  
ERTON MENDONÇA DE ALMEIDA ◽  
LIZANDRO N. PERAZA-FLORES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Population Size ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Semi Arid

Two new species and one new nothospecies of Tacinga from semi-arid Eastern Brazil are described. The new taxa were discovered on the basis of material collected during field trips carried out by staff of the Cactarium Guimarães Duque of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido. A morphologic comparison of all the Tacinga species currently known, together with the cytogenetic analysis of the new taxa, are made. Full descriptions, illustrations, taxonomic discussions for all three new taxa are given as well as an identification key for all known Tacinga species. IUCN categories for the new taxa were assessed, resulting as endangered or critically endangered, due to their small population size and restricted distribution.

scholarly journals Population extinctions driven by climate change, population size, and time since observation may make rare species databases inaccurate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kaye ◽  
Matt A Bahm ◽  
Andrea S Thorpe ◽  
Erin C Gray ◽  
Ian Pfingsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Potential Signal

Loss of biological diversity through population extinctions is a global phenomenon that threatens many ecosystems. Managers often rely on databases of rare species locations to plan land use actions and conserve at-risk taxa, so it is crucial that the information they contain is accurate and dependable. However, climate change, small population sizes, and long gaps between surveys may be leading to undetected extinctions of many populations. We used repeated survey records for a rare but widespread orchid, Cypripedium fasciculatum (clustered lady's slipper), to model population extinction risk based on elevation, population size, and time between observations. Population size was negatively associated with extinction, while elevation and time between observations interacted such that low elevation populations were most vulnerable to extinction, but only over larger time spans. We interpret population losses at low elevations as a potential signal of climate change impacts. We used this model to estimate the probability of persistence of populations across California and Oregon, and found that 31%-56% of the 2415 populations reported in databases from this region are likely extinct. Managers should be aware that the number of populations of rare species in their databases is potentially an overestimate, and consider resurveying these populations to document their presence and condition, with priority given to older reports of small populations, especially those at low elevations or in other areas with high climate vulnerability.

scholarly journals Status and distribution of the endemic Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi

Oryx ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. (Bas) van Balen ◽  
I Wayan A. Dirgayusa ◽  
I Made W. Adi Putra ◽  
Herbert H. T. Prins
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
Monsoon Forest ◽  
Habitat Conversion ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Precarious Situation

AbstractThe Bali starling Leucopsar rothschildi is a passerine endemic to the dry monsoon forest of the island of Bali, Indonesia. Habitat conversion and excessive capture for the pet trade brought the species to the verge of extinction in the 1980s. The species is critically endangered because of 1) an extremely small population size, 2) restriction to a small area, 3) illegal trapping, and 4) diminishing suitable habitat left within its natural range. An intricate web of factors prevents the Bali starling from emerging from this precarious situation.

scholarly journals Glaux maritima L. (Primulaceae), a new plant species in SE Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antun Alegro ◽  
Vedran Šegota ◽  
Nikola Koletić ◽  
Nina Vuković ◽  
Tihana Vilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Level ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Small Population Size ◽  
The Third ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A small population of the circumholoarctic species Glaux maritima L. (Primulaceae) was discovered in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, on the bank of the River Zrmanja. This is the first record of G. maritima in SE Europe, and the third record in the Mediterranean, apart from in Spain and the Asian part of Turkey. It was found on the open riverbank within sub-halophytic vegetation, forming a small population of several dozen erect stems, most probably clonally propagated. The site is characterized by a periodic intrusion of seawater. We propose to classify this species as critically endangered (CR) on a national level due to the small population size and the fragile habitat, which requires active protection and conservation.

The Biology of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Esler ◽  
Anna L. Jacobsen ◽  
R. Brandon Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystems

The world’s mediterranean-type climate regions (including areas within the Mediterranean, South Africa, Australia, California, and Chile) have long been of interest to biologists by virtue of their extraordinary biodiversity and the appearance of evolutionary convergence between these disparate regions. Comparisons between mediterranean-type climate regions have provided important insights into questions at the cutting edge of ecological, ecophysiological and evolutionary research. These regions, dominated by evergreen shrubland communities, contain many rare and endemic species. Their mild climate makes them appealing places to live and visit and this has resulted in numerous threats to the species and communities that occupy them. Threats include a wide range of factors such as habitat loss due to development and agriculture, disturbance, invasive species, and climate change. As a result, they continue to attract far more attention than their limited geographic area might suggest. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to mediterranean-type ecosystems. As with other books in the Biology of Habitats Series, the emphasis in this book is on the organisms that dominate these regions although their management, conservation, and restoration are also considered.

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