Science, Religion and a Culture of Life

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Dilley ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Sensus Divinitatis ◽  
The Relationship

For those who wish to affirm a culture that values human life, the relationship between science and religion continues to be of import. Some, like Edward O. Wilson, think that naturalistic science will eventually account for all phenomena, even religious experience itself. This essay considers Wilson's hypothesis by surveying three classic explanations of universal religious belief: Sigmund Freud's projection theory, Charles Darwin's evolutionarry paradigm, and John Calvin's sensus divinitatis. Both Freud's and Darwin's views suffer from self-referential and evidential problems. In contrast, Calvin's model handles well major objections of religious pluralism and atheism. Of these three, Calvin's view is superior. Religion may not be reducible to a naturalistic explanation, and those who wish to promote a culture of life ought to view the relations between science and religion in a non-Wilsonian fashion, eschewing reductionism.

The Varieties of Religious Experience

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William James
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urgent Necessity

‘By their fruits ye shall know them, not by their roots.’ The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) is William James’s classic survey of religious belief in its most personal, and often its most heterodox, aspects. Asking questions such as how we define evil to ourselves, the difference between a healthy and a divided mind, the value of saintly behaviour, and what animates and characterizes the mental landscape of sudden conversion, James’s masterpiece stands at a unique moment in the relationship between belief and culture. Faith in institutional religion and dogmatic theology was fading away, and the search for an authentic religion rooted in personality and subjectivity was a project conducted as an urgent necessity. With psychological insight, philosophical rigour, and a determination not to jump to the conclusion that in tracing religion’s mental causes we necessarily diminish its truth or value, in the Varieties James wrote a truly foundational text for modern belief. Matthew Bradley’s wide-ranging new edition examines the ideas that continue to fuel modern debates on atheism and faith.

scholarly journals Transformative Experience and the Problem of Religious Disagreement

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-141
Author(s):  
Joshua Blanchard ◽  
L.A. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Peer Disagreement ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
Religious Disagreement ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 6 considers how peer disagreement over religion presents an epistemological problem: How can confidence in any religious claims including their negations be epistemically justified? Here, it is shown that the transformative nature of religious experience poses a further problem: to transition between religious belief and skepticism is not just to adopt a different set of beliefs, but to transform into a different version of oneself. It is argued that this intensifies the problem of pluralism by adding a new dimension to religious disagreement, for we can lack epistemic and affective access to our potential religious, agnostic, or skeptical selves. Yet, access to these selves seems to be required for the purposes of decision-making that is to be both rational and authentic. Finally, the chapter reflects on the relationship between the transformative problem and what it shows about the epistemic status of religious conversion and deconversion, in which one disagrees with one’s own transformed self.

scholarly journals Death anxiety, exposure to death, mortuary preferences, and religiosity in five countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jong ◽  
Jamin Halberstadt ◽  
Christopher Michael Kavanagh ◽  
Matthias Bluemke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
The Relationship

We present three datasets from a project about the relationship between death anxiety and religiosity. These include data from 1,838 individuals in the United States (n = 813), Brazil (n = 800), Russia (n = 800), the Philippines (n = 200), South Korea (n = 200), and Japan (n = 219). Measures were largely consistent across samples: they include measures of death anxiety, experience and exposure to death, religious belief, religious behaviour, religious experience, and demographic information. Responses have also been back-translated into English where necessary, though original untranslated data are also included.

scholarly journals Phenomenology of Religion and Sense of the Infinite

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Tatyana Samarina
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Lutheran Theology ◽  
The Times ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Church

The article discusses the role of F. Schleiermacher in the design of the project of the religion phenomenology. Schleiermacher's philosophical theory is a complex fusion of Lutheran theology, modern philosophy and the movement of romanticism. His thinking reflected the borderline situation in the intellectual life of the XVIII– XIX centuries. It resultedin creation of a new image of religion, responded to the spirit of the times. Schleiermacher opposes the deistic teachings, showing that religion is an integral part of human life; it is not rooted in the rational conception of God the creator, but in the inner feeling. Even before the development of phenomenologists, he pointed out that inner feeling is at the heart of religion: by eliminating any moral and rational aspects of religion, Schleiermacher laid the foundation for the well-known numinous R. Otto equation. Schleiermacher's attitude to both the dogmatic and the ritual side of religion was extremely negative, since personal religiosity does not need an external church, in fact a person who has infinitely grasped stands outside the church rituals, because he is the legislator of his own inner religion of feeling. Schleiermacher is one of the first theorists of religious pluralism who formed the most important position of the future science of religion: the comparison of religions is possible, since the religion of feeling common for all mankind made it permissible to search for a single basis of religion and build a large system of religious phenomena united by common principles and implied or actually existing center. According to Schleiermacher, religious experience can also be described in the language of art, since religious experience and aesthetic experience are similar in their basis. Only an experience of the feeling of the infinite can give a person a taste of the religious, and this idea is likely to have the key thought of empathy to the religion phenomenology. Separately, some clauses of Schleiermacher's theory, which were not developed in the writings of religion phenomenologists, are examined in the article.

scholarly journals Paradigma Keilmuan Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Maryamah Maryamah ◽  
Ahmad Syukri Ahmad Syukri ◽  
Badarussyamsi Badarussyamsi ◽  
Ahmad Fadhil Rizki Ahmad Fadhil Rizki
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
General Science ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

The Islamic scientific paradigm discusses the Islamic perspective on science based on the source of the Qur'an which is believed to be true, recently there has been a dichotomy between religious science and general science, religious science talks about the relationship between humans and God and humans with humans in social life, and general science talks about a lot about the universe. Both are synergized with the discoveries of scientific facts through western scientists and Muslims so that they argue that science and religion are an inseparable unity, both are interconnected to provide explanations to humans about science. Art as a result of human creativity is an aesthetic beauty and gives value to a science or religion so that it becomes something of value for the sustainability of human life, both from the scientific, social, and cultural aspects of a world civilization.

scholarly journals The 'Beauty Fallacy'

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Arianna Borrelli ◽  
Alexandra Grieser
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Scientific Representation ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Poetic Imagination ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between science and religion has been, and still is, the subject of much discussion, both among scholars of religion and among historians and philosophers of science. Despite the cultural and historical complexity of the issue, since the nineteenth century the question of the interaction between science and religion has been constantly framed in the rather simple terms of their mutual ‘compatibility’ or ‘exclusion’. The historical roots of such discussions are entwined with the emergence both of modern science as a practice and an ideal, and of the field of the cultural study of religion. It was in the modern period that the assertion of the existence of a ‘conflict’ between science and religion emerged and a series of binary oppositions were constructed, such as those between ‘rational’ scientific knowledge and ‘irrational’ religious belief, or between an ‘objective’ scientific representation of reality and the poetic imagination allegedly characteristic of religious traditions and mythology.

Christianisme et modernité avancée chez Berger

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-623
Author(s):  
Isaac Nizigama
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Phenomenology Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evangelical Theology

This article analyzes the question of the relationship between Christianity and late modernity. It begins with Peter L. Berger’s analyses, especially in his recent works, to then question his religious pluralism / religious uncertainty dialectic and his idea of the oscillation of the contemporary followers of religions between relativism and fundamentalism. By showing that Berger’s analyses, based on his approach in the sociology of knowledge, leave aside the aspect considered by himself as central to the religious phenomenon, this article tries to characterize this aspect, which is the mystical type of religious experience, by exploiting elements from Rudolf Otto's phenomenology of religion and John Wesley's evangelical theology.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA AGAMA DAN ILMU DALAM PANDANGAN AL FARABI

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46
Author(s):  
Tsuraya Syarif Zain
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Strong Principle ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Is Integration ◽  
Absolute Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

Are religion and science in contradictory? This question is not easy to answer. In many ways, religion through the teachings of its Holy Scripture is different from the discovery of the sciences, for example the concept of creation is different from Darwin's theory of evolution. Starting from this problem the authors encourages to examine more deeply the relationship between science and religion related to the question of religious position for science and science for religion according to Al Farabi philosophical perspective. According to Al Farabi between Revelation as a source of religion and science are interwoved. So it can be concluded that in Islam there is integration between science and religion. Revelation comes from God, as well as other knowledge derived from the Absolute. Absolute knowledge is able to become a science because it benefits for human life and bring happiness for mankind. Such knowledge should then be deductible to be the principles of law with a strong principle of wisdom and prudence to make it a science

scholarly journals THE EBB AND FLOW OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION RELATIONSHIP IN AFFECTING HUMAN LIFE

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ridha Ahida
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Future ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Holy Book ◽  
Ebb And Flow

This research aimed at discovering the root of the problem of the relation between science and religion, identifying how conflict and collaboration between science and religion answer the challenges that human life pose and describing how religion in the future synergize with the advancement of science. This research emphasizes on the need to delve on the issues related to science and religion since the advancement of science often contradicts with some aspect of the Holy Book as well as the assumption that science rattles someone’s faith. Religion is also often regarded as something that hinders the development of science and people who participate in science development are often considered an infidel. There is a skeptical nuance that arose regarding the relationship between science and religion. Thus, it is of utmost importance to investigate on the ebb and flow of science and religion relation in affecting human life. This research employed methodology of philosophy, especially science philosophy in the form of justification and history of science. This research indicated that science and religion are both collaborating and confronting. Religion is used to make meaning of life and science is used to make life easier. Keywords:  Religiosity, Rationality, Confrontation, and Collaboration

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