Realität durch Einbildungskraft. Fichtes Antwort auf Maimons Skeptizismus in der Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Silvan Imhof ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Sceptical Argument

Concluding the deduction of imagination in § 4 of the Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre, Fichte remarks that one lesson of the Wissenschaftslehre is that all reality is a product of imagination. One of the greatest thinkers of the age, Fichte writes, is teaching the same, but calls it a deception of imagination. Fichte’s remark is aimed at Salomon Maimon, and it shows that his deduction shouldn’t be read only as part of the systematic development of the theoretical Wissenschaftslehre, but should also be considered as an argument against a specific kind of scepticism. In order to examine this overlooked anti-sceptical aim in the first Wissenschaftslehre, an overview of the deduction of § 4 with a focus on the systematic role of imagination will first be given. Second, Maimon’s sceptical argument against transcendental philosophy will be explained. In the centre again will stand Maimon’s Humean concept of imagination. Finally, it will be shown in which sense Fichte’s deduction of imagination has to be taken in order to be an adequate response to Maimonian scepticism.An die Deduktion der Einbildungskraft in § 4 der Grundlage der gesammten Wissenschaftslehre schließt Fichte die Bemerkung an, es werde hier gelehrt, dass alle Realität durch die Einbildungskraft hervorgebracht wird. Einer der größten Denker des Zeitalters – gemeint ist Salomon Maimon – lehre das Gleiche, nur nenne er es eine Täuschung durch die Einbildungskraft. Diese Bemerkung lässt erkennen, dass die Deduktion der Einbildungskraft nicht nur im Dienst der Entwicklung des theoretischen Teils der Wissenschaftslehre steht, sondern dass sie auch im Sinne eines antiskeptischen Arguments verstanden werden muss. Um diesen Aspekt von Fichtes Konzeption der Einbildungskraft genauer zu beleuchten, wird erstens die Deduktion in § 4 mit Blick auf die systematische Rolle der Einbildungskraft dargestellt. Zweitens wird Maimons skeptisches Argument gegen die Transzendentalphilosophie präzisiert, auf das sich Fichte mit seiner Äußerung bezieht, wobei Maimons sich an Hume orientierendes Verständnis der Einbildungskraft im Zentrum steht. Zuletzt wird geprüft, in welchem Sinn Fichtes Deduktion der Einbildungskraft als Antwort auf Maimons Skeptizismus verstanden werden muss.

scholarly journals A Contemporaneidade da Educação em Saúde

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Suellem Luzia Costa Borges ◽  
Eduardo de Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Health Service Access ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Systematic Development

Faz-se necessário refletir as práticas de educação em saúde e o papel do profissional que a executa de forma responsável. São considerados diversas variáveis que influenciam na sistemática do desenvolvimento da mesma, como as metodologias empregadas pelo educador, o conhecimento deste a respeito do seu público alvo e das necessidades que os mesmos possuem, assim como a influência do acesso ao serviço de saúde para a eficácia da educação em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analítico, retrospectivo, caracterizado como revisão sistemática. Desenvolver a educação em saúde com eficácia demanda diversos conhecimentos, além de planejar os propósitos envolvidos. O público alvo, as necessidades reais e os indicadores epidemiológicos e demográficos complementam o hall de variáveis importantes para a concretização do processo. Deve-se, ainda, ponderar as características desta comunidade envolvida, desvendando o conhecimento prévio e de educação básica afim de não subjulgar tampouco supervalorizar aquilo que se acredita como verdade. Conclui-se que a noção de territorialidade, didática, compreensão dos princípios da atenção primária e formação de vínculos são essenciais para que a conquista do tema possa acontecer, além do envolvimento do profissional que está à frente desta comunidade.   Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Pessoal da Saúde. Saúde da Família.   Abstract It is necessary to reflect the health education practices and the role of the professional who performs it responsibly. Several variables are considered that influence the educator’s systematic development, such as the methodologies employed by the educator, his or her knowledge of his or her target audience and of the needs they have, as well as the influence of health service access  on the health education effectiveness. This is a descriptive, analytical, retrospective study characterized as a systematic review. To develop health education effectively requires several types of knowledge, in addition to planning the purposes involved. The target audience, the real needs and the epidemiological and demographic indicators complement the hall of variables that are important for the process implementation. It is also necessary to consider the characteristics of this community involved, revealing the prior knowledge and basic education in order not to underjudge or overvalue what is believed to be true. It is concluded that the notion of territoriality, didactics, understanding of the primary care principles and bonds formation  are essential for the conquest of the theme to happen, in addition to the professional involvement who is at the head of this community   Keywords: Learning. Health Personnel. Family Health.

scholarly journals Through the prism of the metaphor: A reflection of the actuality of Kant's philosophy

2004 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Predrag Cicovacki
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Perpetual Peace ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Creative Subject

This essay examines the significance of Kant's transcendental philosophy by focusing on the central metaphors used in his works. The four metaphors singled out here are those of (a) the Copernican turn, (b) the land of truth and the ocean of illusion, (c) the starry heavens and the moral law, and (d) of perpetual peace. The author emphasizes the strong and the weak points of Kant's philosophy that these metaphors reveals, and argues that these central metaphors work together and point toward the two essential concerns of Kant's entire philosophical opus: (1) an active role of the creative subject in all forms of human experience, and (2) the boundaries of the subject's creativity. Further reflection should not only reveal some other metaphors and their role in Kant's philosophy, but also clarify how he himself understand the nature of metaphors: Are metaphors the expression of our creativity, or of the limitations of our creativity?.

Improvement of crime scene examination and reduction of cognitive deficit – the need to implement a new imaging and dimensioning technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zubańska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The contribution of forensics to the effective fight against crime must be significant. Since its inception, it has been inspired by scientific achievements, which, in turn, entailed the systematic development of forensic research, the effects of which improve the activities on the crime scene, which is the richest source of information about the crime and the offender. The role of the scene examination is very important. Its course and results are documented in a protocol of examination, technical documentation is prepared if necessary. It is this type of documentation that constitutes an indispensable reference material for the investigative authority. The catalogue of technical solutions and devices for the recording of scene examination activities continues to expand. It has already been proven that the use of 3D scanning technology to capture the appearance of the scene brings numerous benefits.

Multilayered Fluorine Doped SnO2 Inverse Opal/WO3/BiVO4 Film for Solar Water Oxidation: Systematic Development and Defined Role of Each Layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (15) ◽  
pp. H750-H763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gun Yun ◽  
Maheswari Arunachalam ◽  
Kwang-Soon Ahn ◽  
Ki Min Nam ◽  
Jun-Seok Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Inverse Opal ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Solar Water Oxidation

scholarly journals Fostamatinib for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (19) ◽  
pp. 2027-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Connell ◽  
Nancy Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Multicenter Phase ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Line Of Therapy ◽  
Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

Abstract Fostamatinib is a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients without adequate response to at least 1 prior line of therapy. This article reviews fostmatinib’s mechanism of action and its clinical safety and efficacy in 2 industry-sponsored multicenter phase 3 randomized controlled trials in North America, Australia, and Europe (FIT1 and FIT2). Cost comparisons are discussed as well as the role of fostamatinib in relation to other options for chronic ITP.

MANAGEMENT OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (199) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
N.V. Polyanskova ◽  
◽  
G.I. Belyaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Production Capacities

In modern conditions, close attention is paid to the study of various theoretical and practical aspects of managing the development of domestic agglomerations. The importance of research in this area is determined by the increasing role of agglomerations as the most effective form of territorial organization in many countries of the world. Currently, urban agglomerations are accepted as configurations of the distribution of production capacities, as well as the dispersion of the population without reference to administrative-territorial units. Agglomerations serve as activators of growth points, act as an economic link of territories, ensure the systematic development of the socio-industrial base and serve to the implementation of the main task of creating effective conditions for the development of the state. Today, there is an acute problem of the lack of unified methodological and managerial approaches in the formation and development of agglomeration, which, of course, makes the research topic relevant. The purpose of the study is to consider agglomerations in the context of sustainable socio-economic development of territories, as well as to develop proposals for improving the management process during their formation. The methods of system, economicstatistical, abstract-logical, comparative analysis, graphical and tabular analysis were used in the work. The results of the study are aimed at improving the management of agglomerations in the process of their formation and socio-economic development of territories.

A Practical Pentecostal Theodicy?

Pneuma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 160-179
Author(s):  
Steven M. Fettke ◽  
Michael L. Dusing
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Repeated Calls ◽  
Book Of Acts

A common critique of Pentecostalism from other Christian traditions is that Pentecostals lack an adequate response to evil and chronic and unrelieved suffering. I will propose a response to evil and suffering that is not expressed solely in repeated calls to faith or in stark black and white terms of faith versus doubt. This essay will address the role of the pentecostal faith community in its social dimension in response to suffering. I will also suggest a “practical” pentecostal theodicy, one grounded in the stories of the outpouring of the Spirit in the book of Acts and in deep pastoral concern. Finally, I will address the inscrutable activity of God, who often works ad hoc, mysteriously, variously through miracle, pentecostal pastoral concern, or deep existential encounter.

GAMBLING IN CHINA RECONSIDERED: FANTAN IN SOUTH CHINA DURING THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Paulès
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chinese Gambling

Fantan 番攤 is a Chinese gambling game based on a draw from a random number of hidden coins or tokens, requiring the player to guess a number out of one, two, three or four. It currently survives only in Macao, but during the Late Qing and Republican periods, fantan was one of the most popular games in South China. Through the investigation of a wide range of sources, this article challenges the bias of standard accounts of gambling, which emphasize its corrupting influence and depict players as powerless victims cheated by the unscrupulous operators of gambling houses.The reality was less negative. Cheating by proprietors was by no means common and fantan was considered a socially acceptable leisure activity. For many people, it was part of daily life, and tanguan 攤館, the establishments where it was played, were popular venues both enjoyable and secure. They generated a specific kind of conviviality derived from complex interactions among participants. By underestimating the role of fantan (and gambling more generally), one risks overlooking a socially significant activity, something that influenced the way not only heavy gamblers but also ordinary people perceived their own lives and destinies.

scholarly journals Poverty and social exclusion: An alternative spatial explanation

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 45-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krzysztofik ◽  
Mirek Dymitrow ◽  
Elżbieta Grzelak-Kostulska ◽  
Jadwiga Biegańska
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Spatial Mismatch ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Face

AbstractPoverty and social exclusion remain some of the biggest concerns in the face of obtaining social sustainability. In this respect, the continuing immense spatial differences between individual localities of seemingly similar characteristics have puzzled social scientists for decades. In quest for a better understanding, this article highlights the role of spatial heterogeneity as a factor conducive to the formation of functionally derelict areas, which in turn play a crucial role in the formation of spatial mismatch. Using two case studies from Poland, one from a big city and one from a small village, we explore the relationality between the phenomena of spatial heterogeneity, functional dereliction and spatial mismatch, whose mutual reinforcement seems to lead to a specific kind of deprivation in terms of scale and intensity. Special attention is paid to the role of spatial heterogeneity, which under certain conditions is capable of changing from being a developmental stimulant to becoming a destimulant. We argue that taking greater account of the intricate historical contexts responsible for the resistance of some pressing socio-economic problems is key to breaking the deadlock in the implementation of ineffective sustainability policies.

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