Towards the Reform of the System of Epistemological Goals and Values

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Porus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Principle Of Complementarity

Cultural and historical epistemology is not only a special branch of philosophical researches of science, but also the base of reform of a system of the epistemological categories expressing the purposes and values of scientific knowledge. Its need follows from the nature of development of modern science. Preservation of the traditional epistemological categories applied to the analysis of this development results in rough relativism. This danger can be eliminated, having developed the holistic system of epistemological values proceeding from the principle of historicism and “collective” understanding of the subject of scientific knowledge. Both of these bases allow to disclose historical and cultural conditionality of processes of scientific research and broadcast of their results. Such purposes and values of science as the truth and the objectivity of knowledge have historical measurement: they exist only in the course of continuous emergence and destruction, being affected by cultural factors. The collectivity of the subject of scientific knowledge is defined together with concepts of a “transcendental” and “individual and empirical” subject according to the principle of complementarity (N. Bohr) finding an epistemological transcription. The possibilities of political subjectivity of science in connection with the epistemological investigations from participation of scientific communities in political structures and movements are considered.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of New Knowledge in the conceptual framework of the philosophy of science

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-483
Author(s):  
Boris I. Pruzhinin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Historical Epistemology ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Dynamics Of Science

The article, as a result of the analysis of the philosophical and methodological content of the new knowledge and dynamics of science concepts, substantiates the thesis about the necessity to radically shift the research priorities of the modern philosophy of science. The author critically evaluates the current methodological potential of the philosophy of science, which has developed on the basis of postpositivist concepts of scientific knowledge, and he attempts to outline the philosophical-methodological problems associated with modern scientific trends. According to the author, attention on the philosophy of science should be focused today, first of all, on interdisciplinary research programs that are implemented in the most popular and advanced areas of scientific knowledge. Within these programs, it is not the theoretical constructions (and their relationships), but the disciplinary structures of knowledge that act as the main cognitive unit of the organization of knowledge. Thus, to the fore of the philosophical-methodological approaches come the tasks related to the search and the analysis of methodological guidelines that provide cognitively effective communication (mutual understanding) of scientists within collaborations, i. e. interdisciplinary scientific teams. The author believes that the epistemological perspectives of comprehension and methodological development of such guidelines open up when referring to the cultural-historical dimensions of scientific knowledge. It is the cultural-historical epistemology that takes into account the existential, motivational attitudes of the scientist, which at the same time assume methodologically significant parameters of scientific research (the style of scientific thinking, the dignity of knowledge, and the historical continuity of science as a cultural phenomenon). As a result, the cultural-historical epistemology opens up the possibility of an effective methodological orientation of the most important areas in modern science.

scholarly journals Explication of Some Codes of the Yakut Epos Olonkho Mythological System (Folklore Time and Space)

2020 ◽  
pp. 302-319
Author(s):  
M. T. Satanar
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fundamental Categories

The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient knowledge of the semiotics of the Yakut epos olonkho, and on the other, the need to implement a new paradigm of modern science, which involves the convergence of scientific knowledge. It is noted that the fundamental categories in the worldview are the modes of space and time, which in total lead to another mode of being - a chronotope. The subject of this article is the codes of cosmological mythology in the texts of the epic olonkho from the perspective of a peculiar spatio-temporal organization of the epic world of olonkho. The purpose of the study is to decode the elements of mythology, as a result of which “compressed” messages about scientific knowledge that indicate the existence of a single source of typology of culture are found. Particular attention is paid to the variety of codes, the rules for their emergence, taking into account the national characteristics of language and thinking. A systematic approach to the subject of study, structural-semiotic analysis, methods of review and description are used in the study. The novelty of the study is in an attempt to partially solve the problem of the disunity of two types of cultures (folklore and fundamental laws of nature) in the context of a general typology of culture. This study indicates the prospects for further consideration and definition of the elements of a peculiar symbolic-semiotic system of space-time organization in the texts of the Yakut epos olonkho.

scholarly journals The influence of the paradigm of forensic science on law enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Karepanov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The subject. The subject of the study is the relationship between the methodology of the theory of forensic science and law enforcement issues. The nature of the forensic science and the paradigms of theory are subject to significant changes today. Philosophical and scientific postulates revealed differences in post-non-classical science. The author substantiates the need for the evolution of some essential criteria of scientific knowledge in forensic science. The article deals with the concepts of private forensic theories and the structure of the general theory of forensics. It shows the impact of scientific research on the needs of practice, the ambiguous nature of the preparation of practical recommendations, the complex path from basic forensic research to the integration of investigative methods in investigative practice. The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that changing the general forensic paradigms should lead to changes in the method of detecting and using traces of crimes in criminal proceedings. The methodology of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction as well as private scientific methods of forensics, in particular, the doctrine of traces. The main results of the research. Any scientific research, especially in the field of forensics, is aimed at solving practical problems if they are unsolvable by existing methods and recommendations. Sometimes the problem, especially at the initial stage of its study, is difficult to be identified clearly. First of all, you need to prove that it exists, then define it in general, and only then look for approaches, methods of scientific research of its causes and essence, and concentrate on finding a solution. In forensic science, this is expressed in the identification of inefficiency in solving the problems of investigating crimes using existing scientific recommendations. One of the essential elements of private forensic theories is their practical implementation. Practical orientation in forensics implies the availability of knowledge that is potentially suitable for the development of practical recommendations on methods, techniques for detecting traces of crime and related events, means of collecting evidence, the possibilities of using the extracted and processed information for the purposes of criminal proceedings. The relevance of the results is determined by the significance of the scientifically proven tasks, questions and problems. For investigative practice, it is not the status of theoretical recommendations that is important, but their qualitative content. Conclusions. Relevance in practice does not always determine the scientific significance of theoretical research in forensic science. The fundamental nature of scientific knowledge and overcoming outdated paradigms require time and at a certain stage may not be in demand in practice. However, changes in scientific views are strategically necessary for law enforcement and should be reflected in recommendations for forensic practitioners.

أنواع الماء في القرآن الكريم ودلالاتها العلمية Water Types in the Qur’an and their Scientific Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-55
Author(s):  
ليث سعود جاسم ◽  
فاتن محمد الجدي
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Objective Interpretation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
Qur'anic Exegesis ◽  
Life On Earth

الملخّصإن أهمية الماء ودوره في وجود واستمرار الحياة على الأرض، قد أغرى كثيراً من العلماء لإجراء التجارب والأبحاث العلمية للكشف عن مكونات الماء وأسراره ومصادر وروده، وعلى الرغم من كثرة البحوث العلمية التي قامت على الماء ودورته في الطبيعة، ووجوه الإعجاز العلمي للآيات القرآنية التي تحدثت عنه، إلا أن الألفاظ القرآنية لا يزال في محتواها الشيء الكثير من الناحية اللغوية والدلالية، فقد يحوي اللفظ القرآني الواحد أكثر من معنى، ويتحمل في سياقه دلالات إضافية، تجعل منه منجماً لحقائق علمية كشف عنها العلم الحديث بآلياته المتطورة في البحث. يهدف البحث إلى إبراز دقة وجزالة وغنى اللفظ القرآني، وإعجازه البلاغي، ثم ربط دلالات الألفاظ القرآنية المنطوقة والمفهومة، بما تم اكتشافه في البحوث العلمية الحديثة، فيما يتعلق بأنواع الماء المذكورة في القرآن الكريم تحديداً، وفي ذلك ما فيه من الآيات البينات على أن القرآن الكريم وحي إلهي، وليس من قول البشر، كما أنه محفوظ بحفظ الله تعالى له من التبديل والتحريف. واتبع فيه منهج التفسير الموضوعي التحليلي الذي يقضي بجمع كل الآيات المتعلقة بالموضوع، ووضعها على مائدة البحث العلمي، واستعراض أقوال العلماء القدامى والمحدثين في هذه المسألة، ومناقشتها والترجيح بينها؛ للخروج بمعرفة شمولية حول ما جاء في القرآن الكريم بهذا الخصوص، واستنتاج علاقات رابطة بين هذه الآيات، قد تؤدي للكشف عن المزيد من أسرار هذا الكتاب المعجز.الكلمات المفتاحية: أنواع الماء، القرآن الكريم، دلالاتها العلمية، العلماء، البشر.AbstractIn view of the importance of water and its role in the existence and continuation of life on Earth, many scientists have conducted experiments and scientific research to detect the components of water, and its secrets and sources. In spite of the large number of scientific research conducted on water and its nature, in addition to the various scientific miracles of the Qur’anic verses that talked about, the linguistic and semantic point of view of the Qur’anic address on the issue of water with its many indications has gone largely overlooked. This paper argues that the semantic and linguistic details of the Qur’anic address can assist the research of modern science in this field. The research highlights the accuracy, abundance, and richness of the Qur’anic language in what concerns the types of water, and associates its semantic meanings with modern scientific research and discoveries. This presents evidence that the Holy Qur’an is divine revelation and not the words of man, and that it is divinely preserved from change and distortion. This study adopts the objective interpretation and analytical methods of Qur’anic exegesis by collecting all the verses on the subject whilst also reviewing the views of classical and contemporary scholars on this issue. From here, we hope to offer a comprehensive understanding of what is stated in the Qur’an in this regard, whilst also establishing concrete link between these verses, which may lead to detecting more of the secrets of this miraculous book.Key words: Water Types, the Qur’an, Scientific Implications, Scientists, Humans.

Sociocultural Anthropology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кравченко ◽  
Al'bert Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Origin Of Man

Sociocultural anthropology studies instruments of labor, technology, traditions and customs, beliefs and values, social institutions, family, marriage and kinship, economic mechanisms, the evolution of art, etc. The book outlines the basic knowledge of this discipline, taking into account the world experience and the requirements of the state standard: the place of anthropology in the system of scientific knowledge, the subject, object and methods of research, theory and empirical classics of social anthropology, anthropogenesis (the origin of man) and sociogenesis (evolution of prehistoric society); The typology of early societies and the historical stages of the development of traditional society (hunters and gatherers, tribal order, chiefdom), marriage, family, kinship. The book is intended for students of primary courses of humanitarian universities, as well as everyone who loves this most interesting and most modern science about man and society.

scholarly journals Scholars and poor communicators? Old Masters exhibitions as a scientific practice and communication activity for art museum curators

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Ughetto
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Communication Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Old Masters ◽  
Late Works

Museum curators are rarely the subject of analysis as scientists. By contrast, there is a whole literature on their propensity to give priority to the scientific knowledge of collections over the effort to communicate with different audiences and make museums accessible. This article examines the Late Raphael exhibition at the Louvre (Paris) and draws on the exhibition texts (catalogues, artwork labels, wall texts) to explore the practical activity and preoccupations of the museum curators concerned: the exhibition is simultaneously material for the scientific demonstration of a thesis – part of a debate on the value of the artist’s late works – and for communication aimed at both fellow specialists and the wider public. Communication is not distinct from scientific research and handled with less respect. The two are directly interwoven and communication represents a practical activity with its own difficulties.

scholarly journals Methodological basis of scientific research of intellectual property as a value-legal phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
M. V. Kotenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Strategy

The relevance of scientific knowledge of value and legal aspects of understanding intellectual property is revealed in the work. The philosophical and scientific basis of scientific research of value-legal aspects of understanding intellectual property is established. The scientific views of scientists concerning the understanding of the methodological basis of scientific research of state and legal phenomena and processes are generalized, the prospects of its application to the knowledge of value and legal aspects of intellectual property are determined, and possible scientific results can be obtained. It is concluded that the current state of scientific development of the problems of axiology of understanding intellectual property. Having identified and established the functional aspects of the methodological basis of knowledge of value and legal aspects of intellectual property, it is noted that the use of broad tools of modern methodology of knowledge of state legal phenomena and processes has a positive value only if the methodological strategy of scientific research as a whole. the prism of a specific approach to its perception and understanding. Otherwise, the scientific research itself will turn into an artificial application of methodological tools, the result of which will be a wide range of multi-vector, inconsistent information about the subject of research. Therefore, it is important to determine the methodological strategy of the study, which will be based on a specific methodological approach (approaches), which will generalize the understanding of the subject of research, which will be taken as a basis: first, determine its cognitive potential; secondly, the definition of methodological tools of the study; third, the study of those aspects that are insufficiently disclosed in legal science; fourth, the formation of a conceptual idea of the subject of research based on the results of its scientific knowledge. The author proves that it is most expedient to apply the «pluralistic approach» to the formation of the methodology of scientific research of value-legal aspects of intellectual property, which includes: 1) establishing the functional capabilities of generally accepted in the system of social sciences, legal sciences and legal theory methodological tools value-legal research of intellectual property, determination of cognitive perspective of its application; 2) determination of the advantages of a specific methodological approach to the value-legal study of intellectual property, which will determine the general cognitive strategy of this scientific work, which we will emphasize separately in the next section of the dissertation. This approach, in our opinion, will combine the general doctrinal vision of the problem of value and legal dimension of intellectual property, determine its purpose, set research objectives, as well as to clarify the specific instrumental mechanisms for achieving it. Keywords: intellectual property, legal value of intellectual property, methodological basis, axiological methodological approach, axiological aspects of understanding intellectual property.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION OFFENSES IN THE MILITARY ADMINISTRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
V. Pryimak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Military

The article contains the rationale for the thesis that the prevention of corruption is now one of the priorities in the activities of military command and control bodies. Obtaining objective, reliable and reliable conclusions, proposals and recommendations on this problem largely depends on the correct choice of methods of scientific research. Despite a large number of scientific studies related to the legal principles of combating corruption in all areas of public administration, the article identifies certain patterns of the methods of scientific knowledge used in them. The article proves that the methodology of scientific research of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in military command and control bodies is a set of techniques and methods produced by legal and other sciences, the application of which allows a comprehensive study of the subject of research. An element of the system of research methodology for the prevention of corruption offenses is a method – a special way of carrying out scientific activities, allows you to obtain information and data on certain legal phenomena or processes. The article proves that the study of the legal aspects of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies requires the use of two groups of methods: general, which are used in all branches of scientific knowledge, and special, inherent exclusively in legal science. The general methods, the use of which would be advisable in the study of the phenomenon of corruption in the aspect of the problems we are considering, include the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction borrowed from logic, the system-structural method produced in systems theory, the modeling method, and a number of others. These methods represent the methods of scientific knowledge of the phenomenon of preventing corruption, classic for modern legal research. Certain features of the subject of the study of expediency determine the use of synergetic, praxeological, axiological and other methods. The special methods of scientific knowledge of the laws of preventing corruption offenses in the military command and control bodies include historical-legal and comparative-legal methods, as well as formal dogmatic, technical-legal, legal-semantic and other methods inherent in legal sciences.

scholarly journals HYPOTHESES IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Bastina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (53) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Lj. Tancic ◽  
Dalibor M. Elezović
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cognitive Value ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

In all sciences, there is a general agreement that hypotheses can be defined under the rules of scientific defining. Consequently, with most authors in different sciences and scientific disciplines, it is indisputable that there is a general agreement of different theoretical and methodological directions that hypotheses are based on assumptions about the phenomenon, problem, and subject of research, which are expressed in the form of attitudes and judgments and have some cognitive value, in all sciences as well as in historical research. Hypotheses are determined by the definition of the problem, the subject of the research, and the goals of the research, primarily scientific ones. Hypotheses in all sciences, even historical ones, consist of variables and attitudes of a hypothesis that expresses the relations between variables. It is necessary to distinguish hypotheses in the process of acquiring scientific knowledge and in scientific research projects.

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