Communicative Rationality and Its Preconditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Andrzej Maciej Kaniowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Action ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Communicative Rationality ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Rational Understanding ◽  
The Subject

The idea of rational understanding lays very close to the heart of Professor Janusz Kuczyński, an advocate of universalism as well as dialogue between diverse philosophical schools and worldviews, and doctoral advisor to the present paper’s author. This idea’s theoretical conceptualisation—a conceptualisation that has proven to be convincing and adequate to the conditions of the modern world—was developed by Professor Jürgen Habermas, whose ideas and theories were also the subject of a doctoral thesis written by this paper’s author in the latter half of the 1970s under Professor Kuczyński’s tutelage. The author shares some grateful memories of his doctoral tutor, and also sets his one-time attempts to apply the theory of communicative action to two experiences of the real socialism era in Poland (the events of 1980/1981 and 1989) against his efforts to analyse contemporary Polish realities through the prism of the communicative rationality conception. This comparison shows that the application of a conception of rationality funded by communicative action to the turbulent transformations under real socialism was to a certain extent naïve—though not devoid of critical significance—and also reveals the preconditions (in the sphere of understanding oneself and the world) for the implementation of the rules of communicative rationality in social and political reality.The paper is in part dedicated to the memory of Professor Kuczyński, therefore it contains a somewhat extensive account of the circumstances which led the author to study the thought of Habermas under Kuczyński’s tutelage, as well as the consequences of this choice, which proved of considerable significance for his further life. However, the main themes are, first, the validity (and naivety) of applying a conception of rationality funded by communicative action to two significant experiences of the real socialism era, and, secondly, the need—revealed by diagnosing contemporary Polish reality with the help of the communicative rationality conception—for certain preconditions enabling the implementation of this type of rationality in social and political reality. One such precondition is the transition of sufficiently broad parts of society from thinking in terms of worldviews (Weltaunschauungen) to post-metaphysical thinking in terms of the “lifeworld” (Lebenswelt).

scholarly journals VALUE-SENSE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
A. Kurbatov ◽  
L. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Practical

The greatest crisis, which is being experienced by the world economy, has not come unexpectedly, since it was predicted with a sufficient degree of precision. Moreover, the matters, causing obstacles for the transformation in the period of transition from the mixed economy to the intellectual economy, have been studied well enough and the technologies of the harmonious transformation have not just been developed but also successfully approbated. However, the crisis is escalating with increasing strength, and many analysts are warning against the risk of irreversible losses, that threaten the mankind with self-destruction due to the effect of 'the lacuna' and 'the gap' between the speed of changes in life conditions and the velocity of growth of human and humanity abilities to adapt to fast changing conditions of ecological, economic, technological and political reality. As anticipated, the main problem turned out to be the intellectual inertia. Despite the fact that the system analysis of the global crisis in education, which does not any longer provide the human and humanity with the proper competencies, even those necessary for the survival, was published by F.G.Coobles back in 1968, the approaches which are long outdated and, therefore, have become dangerous, are still widely spread all over the world. The reports of the Roman club have repeatedly highlighted that the overcoming of 'the lacuna' effect requires new approaches to education, but this has not led to large scale practical results, in spite of the fact, that the task of the development of the new system of the continuous anti-crisis education (for all ages) was accomplished back in the USSR and the experimental model proved to be efficient in process of the 20 years approbation in conditions of the Russian Federation. The psychological bareers arising during the transition from the programme goal method to the system-synergetic approach, from the crisis model of economy to value-sense one, from the subject-object relations to the subject-subject ones and others, have turned to be hard to overcome without the help of specialists, equipped with the methods of the value-sense management, which enable each subject, experiencing the negative impact of the modern economic crisis, to successfully overcome it. This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of the author's scientific-practical school of the value-sense management as a means of overcoming the modern economic crisis. 

The Deluge

Mirror Worlds ◽  
1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gelernter
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
External Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Initial Question ◽  
The Subject

we’ve installed the foundation piles and are ready to start building Mirror worlds. In this chapter we discuss (so to speak) the basement, in the next chapter we get to the attic, and the chapter after that fills in the middle region and glues the whole thing together. The basement we are about to describe is filled with lots of a certain kind of ensemble program. This kind of program, called a Trellis, makes the connection between external data and internal mirror-reality. The Trellis is, accordingly, a key player in the Mirror world cast. It’s also a good example of ensemble programming in general, and, I’ll argue, a highly significant gadget in itself. The hulking problem with which the Trellis does battle on the Mirror world’s behalf is a problem that the real world, too, will be confronting directly and in person very soon. Floods of data are pounding down all around us in torrents. How will we cope? what will we do with all this stuff? when the encroaching electronification of the world pushes the downpour rate higher by a thousand or a million times or more, what will we do then? Concretely: I’m talking about realtime data processing. The subject in this chapter is fresh data straight from the sensor. we’d like to analyze this fresh data in “realtime”—to achieve some understanding of data values as they emerge. Raw data pours into a Mirror world and gets refined by a data distillery in the basement. The processed, refined, one-hundredpercent pure stuff gets stored upstairs in the attic, where it ferments slowly into history. (In the next chapter we move upstairs.) Trellis programs are the topic here: how they are put together, how they work. But there’s an initial question that’s too important to ignore. we need to take a brief trip outside into the deluge, to establish what this stuff is and where it’s coming from. Data-gathering instruments are generally electronic. They are sensors in the field, dedicated to the non-stop, automatic gathering of measurements; or they are full-blown infomachines, waiting for people to sit down, log on and enter data by hand.

Heidegger’s Reading of Descartes’ Dualism

1998 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kadir Çüçen
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Traditional Epistemology ◽  
The World ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technological Orientation

The problem of traditional epistemology is the relation of subject to external world. The distinction between subject and object makes possible the distinction between the knower and what is known. Starting with Descartes, the subject is a thinking thing that is not extended, and the object is an extended thing which does not think. Heidegger rejects this distinction between subject and object by arguing that there is no subject distinct from the external world of things because Dasein is essentially Being-in-the-world. Heidegger challenges the Cartesian legacy in epistemology in two ways. First, there is the modern tendency toward subjectivism and individualism that started with Descartes' discovery of the 'cogito.' Second, there is the technological orientation of the modern world that originated in the Cartesian understanding of the mathematical and external physical world.

Peripheral Visions / Global Sounds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Colmeiro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
The Real ◽  
Border Zones ◽  
Global Age ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Galician audio/visual culture has experienced an unprecedented period of growth following the process of political and cultural devolution in post-Franco Spain. This creative explosion has occurred in a productive dialogue with global currents and with considerable projection beyond the geopolitical boundaries of the nation and the state, but these seismic changes are only beginning to be the subject of attention of cultural and media studies. This book examines contemporary audio/visual production in Galicia as privileged channels through which modern Galician cultural identities have been imagined, constructed and consumed, both at home and abroad. The cultural redefinition of Galicia in the global age is explored through different media texts (popular music, cinema, video) which cross established boundaries and deterritorialise new border zones where tradition and modernity dissolve, generating creative tensions between the urban and the rural, the local and the global, the real and the imagined. The book aims for the deperipheralization and deterritorialization of the Galician cultural map by overcoming long-established hegemonic exclusions, whether based on language, discipline, genre, gender, origins, or territorial demarcation, while aiming to disjoint the center/periphery dichotomy that has relegated Galician culture to the margins. In essence, it is an attempt to resituate Galicia and Galician studies out of the periphery and open them to the world.

scholarly journals Krzysztof Kieślowski's Art of Film

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Miczka
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Party Activists ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Polish Culture

"WE LIVE IN THE WORLD LACKING IDEA ON ITSELF: KRZYSZTOF KIEŚLOWSKI's ART OF FILM" OUR "little stabilization" -- this ironic phrase by Tadeusz Różewicz, the poet and playwright, rightly characterized the low living standards of Poles and the state of apathy of the society in the 1960s. It also reflected well the situation of the Polish culture which, at that time, was put under strong political pressure and, except for very few instances, half- truths and newspeak replaced the clear dichotomy of truth and falsity. However, it finds its strongest expression if seen against the background of the Polish cinema of that time, since the cinema was, so to say, the "light in the eyes" of the Workers' Party activists devoutly building the 'real socialism' state. After the period of the political thaw which, among other things, brought to life artistically courageous works of the 'Polish film school', the...

scholarly journals From self to identity: a metaphysical shift

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16036
Author(s):  
Nikolay Rybakov ◽  
Natalya Yarmolich ◽  
Maxim Bakhtin
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
The Self ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the problem of identity realization in the modern information society. The authors analyze the concept of identity in comparison with the concept of self, reveal the features of the manifestation and deformation of identity, and explore ways to generate multiple identities. The study of the concept of identity is based on the worldview principles inherent in different epochs. An attempt is made to give a complete (holographic) picture of identity, and the question is raised about the criteria for distinguishing genuine identity from non-genuine (pseudo-identity). The relationship between the concepts of "I" and self is studied, identification is presented as a process of predication of "I". In the structure of identity, such features as constancy and variability are distinguished. On this basis, the classical and non-classical identities are distinguished and their characteristics are given. It is shown that the breakup of these components into independent parts results in the complete loss of the object's identity, which leads to its disintegration and death. It is shown that in the conditions of fluid reality, identity turns from a stabilizing factor into a situational one, which encourages the subject to constantly choose an identity. The conditions of transformation of identification into a diffuse process that loses the strict unambiguous binding of the subject to something fixed and defined are considered. Due to this, the identity of the subject is "smeared" all over the world. As a result of this process, the subject loses the need to identify itself with anything: it "collapses" into itself. As a result, there is a contradiction of identification: the multiplicity of identities gives the subject a huge choice between them, at the same time due to the diffusion of identity (its smearing around the world) the selection procedure itself loses its meaning. But if the identity is lost, there are problems with the self, so it turns out to be the end of the existence of the person himself. Therefore, in all the transformations of identities in the modern world, it is important that it is preserved.

scholarly journals Implementation of IoT in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mohamed Arafath Rajack ◽  
N. Subramanian ◽  
N. Arun Pragadesh ◽  
R. Suvanesh ◽  
S. Vignesh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
World Agriculture

In this modern world agriculture is one of the major booming sectors around the world. In India around 60 percent of GDP comes from agriculture sector alone. Also, around the world there are many technologies showing up in the field of agriculture. In this paper proposed a technology by means of which potential pest attack in the crops can be detected and the respective pesticide is also sprayed as well. Along with these there is a range of sensor employed in the field connected to the controller that will take the real time values from the field and can be displayed in the respective screen (monitor or mobile screen) by means of technology called IOT (Internet of Things). Raspberry-pi is used as the controller to perform IoT. system is linked with an application called “cain” Which allows us to display various values of sensors in the monitor or in mobile application.

scholarly journals World security between the end and “return” of history

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Stanislav Stojanovic ◽  
Goran Mandic
Keyword(s):  
International Politics ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
New Era ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Cycles ◽  
Political Communities

Globalization as a social concept based on the principle of universalism announced the beginning of a new era and a model of international society, which would mean a sort of end of historical cycles. Optimistic faith in progress was one of the driving ideas of this, one of the most popular concepts of the global society. Proponents of globalization have claimed that the triumph of the West in the Cold War competition confirmed the superiority of the liberal model and represented a break with the real political perception of international politics. In this way, as argued, the conditions were created for the societies around the world to start their own reconstruction, creating a global culture and universalization of democratic governance, permanently overcoming war and establishing the lasting peace. The nature and dynamics of relationships in international politics unambiguously confirmed that the social and political reality has not developed as announced by the proponents of globalization, at the beginning of the last decade of the twentieth century. The modern world fell into a time of confusion, uncertainty and insecurity, growing into a global risk society. Strong rapprochement of nations, political communities and cultures and intensifying their interdependence encouraged more intense disagreement, the emergence of new national models, radicalizing definitions of identity to the most devastating forms. Globalization has not transformed the world, and the concept of global governance of the world proved to be a failed attempt, manifesting a variety of system dysfunctions. At the same time, the more pronounced interdependence of contemporary societies, based on the technological achievements of the postindustrial world, has expanded the range of issues that require the global approach.

Friedrich von Hardenberg (Pseudonym Novalis)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Arctander O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Final Word ◽  
The Real ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Realities

For Hardenberg, the poets are surely ‘unacknowledged legislators of the world’, as Shelley would have it; and still more, they are the makers of the legitimacy that grounds legislation, that grounds the very existence of the state. InHeinrich von Afterdingen, legitimacy is a product of the poets’ manipulation of spectacle, convention, sign. It is a fiction that becomes a working fiction, a fiction actualized and institutionalized in the reality of the state. Hardenberg’s tale is no escape from political realities, as some claim of the Romantics, but a lesson in how political reality is made. Fiction makes the real, or, as Hardenberg noted at the time,notsentimentally: ‘The more poetic, the more true’ (III. 647). In politics, as in all else, this is the final word in Hardenberg’s Romanticism.

Information Quality

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Luciano Floridi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Epistemological Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Subject

Knowledge, as a non-natural construction, may be based on our ability to hack the data coming from the world. Two questions now become pressing. The first, addressed in this chapter, concerns the quality of the information we are able to generate, when we are dealing with truthful contents. The second question concerns the truthfulness of such contents and is the subject of Chapter 6. This chapter generalizes the analysis and applies it to a popular topic, that of big data. It is argued that the real epistemological challenge posed by the zettabyte era is small patterns. The chapter focuses on information quality (IQ). Which data may be useful and relevant, and so worth collecting, curating, and querying, in order to exploit their valuable (small) patterns? The chapter argues that the standard way of seeing IQ in terms of being fit-for-purpose is correct but needs to be complemented by the methodology of abstraction introduced in Chapter 2, which allows IQ to be indexed to different purposes.

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