Sea ice metadata for Billefjorden and Grnfjorden, Svalbard

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris V. Ivanov ◽  
Pavel N. Sviashchennikov ◽  
Danila M. Zhuravskiy ◽  
Alexey K. Pavlov ◽  
Eirik J. Frland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Antarctic Research Institute ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Antarctic Research

Description of sea ice conditions in the fjords of Svalbard is crucial for sea transport as well as studies of local climate and climate change. Old observations from the Russian Hydrometeorological stations in the mining settlements Barentsburg (Grnfjorden) and Pyramiden (Billefjorden) have now been digitized. These visual and instrumental observations are archived in the State Archive of Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) and Murmansk Branch of the Russian Hydrometeorological Service. In this paper, we bring an overview of the sea ice metadata with few examples of yearly changes in sea ice extent.

scholarly journals Influence of SST in Low Latitudes on the Arctic Warming and Sea Ice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Genrikh V. Alekseev ◽  
Natalia I. Glok ◽  
Anastasia E. Vyazilova ◽  
Natalia E. Kharlanenkova ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Kulakov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Arctic Warming ◽  
Antarctic Research Institute ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
First Time

Global climate models, focused on projecting anthropogenic warming, have not detected an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) at low latitudes comparable to the observed one. This appears to be one reason for the discrepancy between the model estimates of warming and reduction of the sea ice extent in the Arctic and the observed changes in the climate system. In previous studies, it was shown that short-term manifestations of the impact of low latitudes on the Arctic climate were identified in 2–3 weeks as a result of strengthening of atmospheric circulation patterns. In this paper, for the first time, a climatic relationship was established among an increase in SST, air temperature, and water vapor content at low latitudes, and a decrease in sea ice extent in the Arctic. ECMWF Re-Analysis data (ERA-Interim, ERA5), Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature data set (HadISST), sea ice archives of the World Centers NSIDC (USA), and Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (Russia), observations of water temperature in the Kola section (33°30′ E), calculated sea ice parameters using the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute coupled ice-ocean circulation model (AARI–IOCM). Methods of multivariate correlation analysis, calculating spectra and coherence, and creating correlation graphs were used to obtain the results. For the first time, estimates of the effect of heat transport from low to high latitudes on climate change and sea ice extent in the Arctic over the past 40 years have been obtained, explaining a significant part of their variability. The increase in heat transport is affected by an increase in SST at low latitudes, where a significant part of the solar heat is accumulated. Due to the increase in SST, the amount of heat transported by the ocean and the atmosphere from low latitudes to the Arctic increases, leading to an increase in the air temperature, water vapor content, downward longwave radiation at high latitudes, and a decrease in the thickness and extent of winter sea ice. Potential topics include, but are not limited to: the role of heat and moisture transport in the Arctic warming, effect of SST at low latitudes on transports, linkage of warming in low latitudes and in shrinking of the Arctic sea ice.

scholarly journals Arctic seabirds and shrinking sea ice: egg analyses reveal the importance of ice-derived resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Cusset ◽  
Jérôme Fort ◽  
Mark Mallory ◽  
Birgit Braune ◽  
Philippe Massicotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Climate Shifts ◽  
Investment In Reproduction ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Arctic Seabirds ◽  
Energetic Composition

Abstract In the Arctic, sea-ice plays a central role in the functioning of marine food webs and its rapid shrinking has large effects on the biota. It is thus crucial to assess the importance of sea-ice and ice-derived resources to Arctic marine species. Here, we used a multi-biomarker approach combining Highly Branched Isoprenoids (HBIs) with δ13C and δ15N to evaluate how much Arctic seabirds rely on sea-ice derived resources during the pre-laying period, and if changes in sea-ice extent and duration affect their investment in reproduction. Eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were collected in the Canadian Arctic during four years of highly contrasting ice conditions, and analysed for HBIs, isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) and energetic composition. Murres heavily relied on ice-associated prey, and sea-ice was beneficial for this species which produced larger and more energy-dense eggs during icier years. In contrast, fulmars did not exhibit any clear association with sympagic communities and were not impacted by changes in sea ice. Murres, like other species more constrained in their response to sea-ice variations, therefore appear more sensitive to changes and may become the losers of future climate shifts in the Arctic, unlike more resilient species such as fulmars.

scholarly journals Ice-Core Evidence For Weddell Sea Ice Extent During The Past 200 Years

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
R. Mulvaney ◽  
A.P. Reid ◽  
D A. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
The Core

A continuous, detailed, 200-years record of the anionic species, chloride, nitrate and sulphate, has been measured on an ice core from Dolleman Island (70°35.2′ S, 60°55.5′ W), Antarctic Peninsula. The site lies on the east coast of the Peninsula, and the chemistry of the core is dominated by the changing pattern of sea-ice distribution and storm activity in the Wed dell Sea. Strong annual cycles in chloride and non sea salt sulphate reflect the dominance of the seasonal cycle in sea-ice distribution in the Weddell Sea, observed in time series derived from satellite imagery since the early 1970s. However, in the case of chloride there is also an exceptionally strong interannual variability, which in many parts of the core dominates the seasonal cycle. Secular variations in the sea-ice extent appear to have a strong influence on the climate of the region and may play a major role in determining how long-term climate change in the Antarctic Peninsula relates to global climate change. The paper examines documented evidence for sea-ice extent in the Weddell Sea sector, and evaluates the usefulness of ice-core data for reconstructing this parameter in the earlier period.

scholarly journals Yup’ik perspectives on climate change: “The world is following its people”

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Fienup-Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Do So

Abstract The Nelson Island Natural and Cultural History Project originated in the desire of community members in the Yup’ik villages of Chefornak, Nightmute, Toksook Bay, Tununak, and Newtok to document and share their history with their younger generation. To do so, they invited non-Native scientists to join them in village gatherings as well as on a three-week circumnavigation of Nelson Island (Alaska), during which elders reflected on changes in weather patterns, animal migrations, sea-ice conditions, and related harvesting activities. To date, a defining feature of our conversations has been the integrated way in which information is shared and elders’ reticence to distinguish between human impacts on the environment and the “natural” effects of climate change.

Sea ice and atmosphere interactions and predictability: preliminary results using HadGEM3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Flocco ◽  
Ed Hawkins ◽  
Leandro Ponsoni ◽  
Francois Massonnet ◽  
Daniel Feltham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
Climate Forecasts ◽  
Ice Conditions

<p>Arctic sea ice extent has steadily declined in the past 30 years. Aside from the global impact on climate change, regional information on the sea ice presence and on its impact on oceanic and atmospheric patterns has witnessed a growing interest. There is a growing need for seasonal-to-decadal timescale climate forecasts to help inform local communities and industry stakeholders.</p><p>Here we examine the influence of sea-ice thickness observations on the predictability of the sea-ice and atmospheric circulation. We perform paired sets of ensembles with the HadGEM3 GCM starting from different initial conditions in a present-day control run. One set of ensembles start with complete information about the sea-ice conditions, and one set have degraded information. We investigate how the pairs of ensembles predict the subsequent evolution of the sea-ice, sea level pressure and circulation within the Arctic and beyond with the aim of quantifying the value of sea-ice observations for improving predictions.</p>

Early Holocene history of the Zachariae Ice Stream, NE Greenland: Evidence from geochemistry, grain size and sedimentary parameters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Davies ◽  
Anders Møller Mathiase ◽  
Christof Pearce ◽  
Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Surface ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Arctic Sea

<p>The Arctic region exhibits some of the most visible signs of climate change globally. Arctic sea ice extent and volume has been declining sharply in recent decades; observations indicate a mean annual decrease of 3.2% since 1980. However, no extensive network of sea ice observations extends back further than the mid-18<sup>th</sup> century and satellite data since the late 1970s; this limits perspectives of sea ice variability on longer time scales. Thus, to understand the processes governing sea-ice cover and variability, predict how sea ice and ocean conditions will respond to anthropogenic climate change and to understand if the shrinking of Arctic sea ice is a unique and irreversible process, longer records of sea ice variability and oceanic conditions are required.</p><p>A multi-proxy approach, involving grain size, geochemical, foraminifera and sedimentary analysis, was applied to a marine sediment core from North East Greenland to reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and palaeoceanographic conditions throughout the early Holocene (ca. 12,400-7,800 cal. yrs. BP). The study aimed to improve the understanding of the interaction between ocean circulation, sea ice and fluctuations of the Zachariae Isstrøm (ZI), one of the main glacier outlets of NE Greenland. Four distinct zones have been identified: Zone 1 (12,400-11,600 cal. yrs. BP) covering the transition from the Younger Dryas into the Holocene which evidences a gradually warming climate, resulting in a retreat of the ZI; Zone 2 (11,600 – 10,300 cal. yrs. BP) which encapsulates two distinct cooling events as a result of cooler surface waters, rapid release of freshwater and local feedback mechanisms. This coincides with sudden re-advances of the ZI followed by gradual retreats; 3) Zone 3 (10,300 – 8,600 cal. yrs. BP) shows warm and stable conditions, with warm surface waters that resulted in the retreat of the ZI; 4) Zone 4 (8,600 – 7,800 cal. yrs. BP) which shows a rapid return to cooler conditions, with cold surface waters and rapid freshwater outbursts resulting in the re-advance of the ZI, forced by decreasing solar insolation and cold surface waters. Our investigation thus indicated that changes in oceanic conditions at the NE Greenland shelf had a significant impact on the extent and melting rate of the ZI glacier.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of sea-ice extent and ice-edge location estimates from passive microwave and enhanced-resolution scatterometer data

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter N. Meier ◽  
Julienne Stroeve
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Passive Microwave ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Enhanced Resolution ◽  
Edge Location ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Ice Edge

AbstractPassive microwave sea-ice concentration fields provide some of the longest-running and most consistent records of changes in sea ice. Scatterometry-based sea-ice fields are more recently developed data products, but now they provide a record of ice conditions spanning several years. Resolution enhancement techniques applied to scatterometer fields provide much higher effective resolutions (~10 km) than are available from standard scatterometer and passive microwave fields (25–50 km). Here we examine ice-extent fields from both sources and find that there is general agreement between scatterometer data and passive microwave fields, though scatterometer estimates yield substantially lower ice extents during winter. Comparisons with ice-edge locations estimated from AVHRR imagery indicate that enhanced scatterometer data can sometimes provide an improved edge location, but there is substantial variation in the results, depending on the local conditions. A blended product, using both scatterometer and passive microwave data, could yield improved results.

scholarly journals The Record Low Bering Sea Ice Extent in 2018: Context, Impacts, and an Assessment of the Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. S53-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Thoman ◽  
Uma S. Bhatt ◽  
Peter A. Bieniek ◽  
Brian R. Brettschneider ◽  
Michael Brubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice Extent

Monitoring and Assessing Arctic Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Otto Reiersen ◽  
Robert W. Corell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Arctic Climate Change ◽  
Global Systems

This overview of climate observation, monitoring, and research for the Arctic region outlines the key elements essential to an enhanced understanding of the unprecedented climate change in the region and its global influences. The first recorded observation of sea ice extent around Svalbard date back to the whaling activities around 1600. Over the following 300 years there are periodic and inadequate observations of climate and sea ice from explorers seeking a northern sea route for sailing to Asia or reaching the North Pole. Around 1900 there were few fixed meteorological stations in the circumpolar North. During the Second World War and the following Cold War, the observation network increased significantly due to military interest. Since the 1970s the use of satellites has improved the climate and meteorological observations of Arctic areas, and advancements in marine observations (beneath the sea surface and within oceanic sediments) have contributed to a much improved network of climate and meteorological variables. Climate change in the Arctic and its possible effects within the Arctic and on global climate such as extreme weather and sea level rise were first reported in the ACIA 2005 report. Since then there has been a lot of climate-related assessments based on data from the Arctic and ongoing processes within the Arctic that are linked to global systems.

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